CN1056674C - 同步固定活节 - Google Patents

同步固定活节 Download PDF

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CN1056674C
CN1056674C CN95117587A CN95117587A CN1056674C CN 1056674 C CN1056674 C CN 1056674C CN 95117587 A CN95117587 A CN 95117587A CN 95117587 A CN95117587 A CN 95117587A CN 1056674 C CN1056674 C CN 1056674C
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synchronistic
locating face
ring groove
exterior part
fixing link
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CN1127854A (zh
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沃纳·雅各
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GKN Driveline Deutschland GmbH
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Loehr and Bromkamp GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/224Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22313Details of the inner part of the core or means for attachment of the core on the shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/2232Elements arranged in the hollow space between the end of the inner shaft and the outer joint member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00Manufacturing; Assembly
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S464/00Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
    • Y10S464/904Homokinetic coupling
    • Y10S464/906Torque transmitted via radially spaced balls

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Automatic Assembly (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种同步固定活节,它具有空的外部件1、内部件7和笼件15,它们通过笼件15保持的球件19互相径向对中,此外具有一导向件22,它由球面构成导相对于外部件纵轴2轴向分布且径向可调地支承在支承件28或其定位面31上。支承件32固定到外部件1上,导向件22的设置和形成是这样确定的,它的定位面构成一包括偏转中心27的平面,由此有益于内部件7相对于外部件1的径向调节,形成低摩擦的活节。

Description

同步固定活节
本发明涉及一种同步固定活节,它具有一空的外部件,在外部件的两端具有开口,在外部件的内表面上相对于外部件纵轴的子午面上设置外圈凹槽,在外部件的空腔中设置内部件,在内部件的外表面上相对于其内部件纵轴的子午面上具有内圈凹槽,各外圈凹槽和内圈凹槽相对置并成对地共同承接一传递转矩的球件,所有的球件都夹在设置在外部件的内表面和内部件的外表面之间的中间腔的笼件的窗口中,内圈凹槽和外圈凹槽都起始于外部件的第一开口后敞开的形成,笼件的空球部分表面在朝着第二开口设置的内部件的外球表面上导向,另外,其空球部分表面与外部件的内表面之间具有间隙,此外具有导向装置,  包括内部件上的第一凹球形导向表面和导向件的第二凸球形导向面,导向件的定位面在轴向固定于外部件上的支承件的定位面上径向可调地导向,其定位面与外部件纵轴垂直。内部件,外部件和笼件彼此绕偏转中心摆动地设置,由此球件在一平面中导向,并平分内部件和外部件之间的角,其笼件得到半偏转角。
在DE4208786C1中描述了此类型的同步固定活节,其中定位面和位置面相对活节偏转中心呈偏移的设置,在控制内部件相对外部件偏转时借助导向件有助于内部件相对外部件的径向调节运动性。
本发明的目的在改善内部件相对外部件的调节运动,从而进一步降低各零件之间的摩擦。
本发明的目的是这样实现的,所述同步固定活节具有在两端带开口的空外部件,在其内表面上相对于外部件纵轴的子午面上设置外圈凹槽;具有在外部件的空腔中设置的内部件,在它的外表面上相对于其内部件纵轴的子午面上设置内圈凹槽,该内圈凹槽与外圈凹槽相对置,其中各相对置的内圈凹槽和外圈凹槽共同承接一传递转矩的球件,该球件夹在设置在外部件的内表面和内部件的外表面之间的中间腔的笼件的窗口中,其中内圈凹槽和外圈凹槽起始于第一开口后敞开的形成,笼件的空球部分表面在朝着第二开口设置的内部件的外球表面上导向,其空球部分表面与外部件的内表面之间具有间隙;具有导向装置,包括内部件上的第一凹球形导向面和导向件的第二凸球形导向面,导向件的定位面在固定于外部件上的支承件的定位面上径向可调地导向,定位面与外部件纵轴垂直,其中的内部件,外部件和笼件彼此绕偏转中心摆动的设置,其特征在于,导向件包括球形部分或球面,球形部分的平面或球面的平面之一用作定位面,其定位面是平面,在其中设置偏转中心,支承件的定位面配置到定位面上。
本结构的优点在于,即在内部件相对外部绕偏转中心偏转时,其内部件相对于外部件的调节运动准确,由于笼件的位移和由其笼件保持的球件实现绕偏转中心的双侧偏转,由此确定调节的有益关系。产生通过调节外圈凹槽和内圈凹槽中的球件而偏转形成的径向位移,不会出现挤压或影响摩擦的不利因素。只会在偏转中心上产生极小的径向运动,这只会对活节的总摩擦和损耗产生有益的影响。
与现有技术相比,由于径向调节力不通过杆臂作用在导向件的位置面或定位面上,故减小了摩擦。若活节处于伸展位置,即外部件纵轴和内部件纵轴彼此重合,那么定位面是一包括球中点的平面,这是特别有益的,因为同步固定活节在从伸展位置偏转时常常出现问题,本发明的同步固定活节不会出现这样的问题,因为允许外部件相对于内部件的径向调节运动。
存在的一种可能是,支承件直接固定到外部件上或装在固定到外部件上的固定件上。对于大偏转角的例如装在汽车转向驱动轮上的同步固定活节,本发明结构的支承件上具有定位面的部分上包括一凹部分,以得到引起角调节的笼件和内部件相对于支承件运动所需要的自由度。
直接固定到固定件上的支承件例如可由板金件构成。
在用于较大偏转角的同步固定活节的支承件的实例中,支承件具有带定位面的盘件和与相连的呈尖锥的轴,该轴具有横断面定位的轴颈,固定件具有一承接轴颈的孔。
在装配状态,支承件与外部件的定位面邻接,在分开的结构中,支承件不直接支承在外部件上,而是固定接与外部件的定位面邻接。
为了达到有益的间隙调整从而保证相对偏转中心偏转和调节的整个构件的高准确对中,其定位面由具有起始面的表面构成,它通过用于加工外圈凹槽的变形工具进行精压或压制。为了达到所需的精度,在对外部件进行无屑加工后例如通过生热状态下变形后,还要对外圈凹槽进行压制或精压,这要在一工具下进行,其中一凸模导入在其中承接的外部件中,该工具同样具有一起始面,并浸入到外部件中,直到起始面与外部件相对应的起始面相接触,该起始面构成了定位面。轨道的分布和形成外圈凹槽的理论偏转中心比起定位面具有尽可能高的精度,因此定位面也具有尽可能高的精度。
为了改善摩擦性,特别是起始于伸展位置的起始摩擦性,在导向件定位面的中部设置一凹部分,在由球面构成的导向件的结构中,两平面的中部各具有一凹部分,简单的办法是在导向件中穿孔形成其两凹部分,在两平行面的孔的出口区域形成其凹部分。
另外,内部件的凹球形导向面在其纵轴区域具有凹部分,支承件的定位面在外部件纵轴区域也具有凹部分。通过这些措施完全消除了自锁。此外,其凹部分可作为一口袋放入润滑剂。
下面参照附图和两个优选实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
图1是小偏转角同步固定活节的纵向断面图;
图2是大偏转角的同步固定活节的纵向断面图,其中示出了轮支承组件的一部分。
在图1所示的同步固定活节中,外部件1由板金件构成,它是空的并在朝外的凸缘区域具有一第一开口5并且在其远端具有一第二开口6,在外部件1的内表面4上相对其外部件纵轴2的子午面上圆周分布有外圈凹槽3,该外圈凹槽3从第一开口5起始朝着第二开口6的方向后敞开的分布,其意义是,外圈凹槽3的轨道基础从第一开口5到第二开口6越来越接近外部件纵轴2。此外同步固定活节具有一内部件7,该内部件7由实心件构成,例如通过半加热变形的无切削变形制造,而其功能表面部分通过精压或在块规上压制而制造。
内部件7具有相对于内部件纵轴10的子午面上并在其外表面上设置的内圈凹槽14,该内圈凹槽14在同步固定活节的装配状态从外部件1的第一开口5后敞开地形成,即,内圈凹槽14的轨道基础在开始处距内部件纵轴10的距离小,越接近于第二开口距内部件纵轴10的距离就越大。一连接轴颈13可与内部件7分开成形,朝着开口5方向在内部件7上加工出一凹导向面9,它由空球体面构成并对着内部件纵轴10,在内部件纵轴10区域导向面9中具有一凹部分12,从该凹部分12到朝向端部的开口5有一延伸的槽11,相对于内部件纵轴10圆周地设置许多槽11。导向面9起始于朝向开口5的内部件7的端部同样后敞开的分布,导向面9和内圈凹槽14在同一工具上加工,而后,即还要进行半加热无削变形,精压或再压制,可达到最后形状以及成品尺寸。在背向开口5的装配状态的外表面部分上其内部件7具有一外球面8。在外部件1的内表面4和内部件7的外表面之间的径向中间腔中设置一笼件15,在笼件15的内腔中具有一空球部分表面17,通过该表面其笼件与内部件7的外球面8配合,笼件的外表面16与外部件1的内表面4之间具有一距离,即在活节装配时它们之间不接触。
笼件15具有圆周分布的窗口18,它们根据设置的内圈凹槽14和外圈凹槽3圆周分布地设置,并各承接一球件19,该球件19径向朝外突出于笼件15与外圈凹槽3配合并径向朝内向着内圈凹槽14突出容纳在该内圈凹槽14中。该球件19用于传递转矩。内圈凹槽14和外圈凹槽3的轨道分布是这样选定的,即要形成一调节角度,该角度使得在传递转矩时球件19的力作用于窗口表面21上而后作用到笼件15上,其力的方向朝着开口5,并由此使得笼件15的空球表面17与内部件7的外球形表面保持接触,球件19通过与外圈凹槽3和内圈凹槽14的互相接触与内部件7和外部件1对中,所有球件19的中点保持在一个平面内,此外它通过抵靠球件19的窗口表面21的位置相对于理论活节中点也称偏转中心而调整。
另外具有一导向件22,它形成一球面,它的球形凸出的导向面23在内部件7上的凹导向面9上导向。该导向件22具有两个互相平行的面24,25,其中一个面24形成定位面。此外,该导向件22具有在两个面24,25之间分布的孔26。活节组件的对中例如通过彼此选择所用的构件,即外部件1,笼件15,内部件7和导向件22而实现,从而保证定位面24中包括活节的偏转中心。内部件7通过导向件22支承在支承件28上,该支承件28具有一定位面31。定位面24与定位面31接触。其支承件28由板金件构成,它包括一相对外部件纵轴2基本径向分布的部分32和一顶形伸入部分,其伸入部分在外部件纵轴2的方向分布用标记30表示。支承件28的径向部分32抵靠在外部件1的止档面29上,它通过装在圆周分布孔中的带有卡圈33的固定套筒34轴向固定到外部件1上。在定位面31上同样具有在外部件纵轴2区域设置的凹部分35。
附图中示出了活节处于可伸展状态,即外部件纵轴2和内部件纵轴10是重合的。例如在内部7相对外部件1偏转时,其内部件纵轴10相对于外部件纵轴2产生角位移,而球件19在外圈凹槽3和内圈凹槽14中运动,其内部件7相对外部件1绕偏转中心27摆动,笼件15也相对外部件1和内部件7绕偏转中心27摆动,在外部件纵轴2和内部件纵轴10之间的半偏转角中调节。球中点20的组成平面穿过其偏转中心27。由于内部件7相对于外部件只通过球件19对中,而在偏转时球件19可以产生另一些径向位置,其径向位置是由于它们的结构或加工公差而产生的,故由于其导向件22内部件7相对外部件1可径向调节,因为导向件22的定位面24在定位面31上径向滑动。此外凹部分12、孔26和凹部分35有助于实现平缓的偏转,而不会出现问题。而首先这可通过设置的定位面24而达到,使得其定位面中包括偏转中心27。
图2示出了同步固定活节的另一实施例,它与图1的实施例相比可允许更大的偏转角。外部件1由实体件构成。外圈凹槽3同样起始于开口5在外部件1上加工出来。外圈凹槽3的分布与图1中所述的分布相对应,以便实现了从外部件1的第一开口5到第二开口6的外圈凹槽3轨道基础的接近,因此确定了其后敞开性。它同样具有一由实体件构成的内部件7,其内部件的外球表面8用于导向笼件15的空滑动表面17。内部件7同样具有一凹球形表面9,该凹球形表面9对中于内部件纵轴10并具有槽11和一中心凹部分12。其内部件7具有一连接轴颈13,在内部件7的外表面上设置内圈凹槽14。内部件7相对于外部件1的径向对中同样单独通过保持在笼件15的窗口18中的球件9而实现,其中笼件15的外表面16距外部件1的内表面4具有一距离,在转矩作用下球件19与窗口表面21保持接触,同时使笼件15的空球部分表面17与内部件7的外球表面8接触。一导向件22置于包括导向面9的内部件7的凹部分中,该导向件22形成球面并具有凸出的导向面23。其导向件22具有一定位面24和与其平行的平行表面25,在两表面之间设置孔26。其定位面24是这样设置的,它形成一平面,在该平面中包括活节的偏转中心27。内部件7相对于外部件1在轴向上的理论偏转中心通过导向件22保证,其导向件22轴向支承在具有定位面31的支承件28上,定位面31是盘件38的组成部分。在开口5的方向一直径变小的轴36与盘件38连接,轴36具有一直径变小的轴颈37,通过该轴颈支承件28装入固定件39的孔40中,固定件38装入外部件1的孔中,它的定位面41与相应的外部件1的定位面29接触。在外部件1的外圆周上设置由径向止推滚珠轴承构成的轴承42,它的外环装入轮支架43的孔中,例如装入客车的转向驱动前轮的孔中。支承件28的盘件38在外部件纵轴2的区域具有一凹部分35,导向件22同样具有一穿孔26,在活节的延展位置穿孔26与凹部分35对齐,与其对应,内部件7的导向面9上具有一对中于内部件纵轴10的凹部分12。

Claims (14)

1.同步固定活节,具有在两端带开口(5,6)的空外部件(1),在其内表面(4)上相对于外部件纵轴(2)的子午面上设置外圈凹槽(3);具有在外部件(1)的空腔中设置的内部件(7),在它的外表面(8)上相对于其内部件纵轴(10)的子午面上设置内圈凹槽(14),该内圈凹槽(14)与外圈凹槽(3)相对置,其中各相对置的内圈凹槽(14)和外圈凹槽(3)共同承接一传递转矩的球件(19),该球件(19)夹在设置在外部件(1)的内表面(4)和内部件(7)的外表面之间的中间腔的笼件(15)的窗口(18)中,其中内圈凹槽(14)和外圈凹槽(3)起始于第一开口(5)后敞开的形成,笼件(15)的空球部分表面(17)在朝着第二开口(6)设置的内部件(7)的外球表面(8)上导向,其空球部分表面(17)与外部件(1)的内表面(4)之间具有间隙;具有导向装置,包括内部件(7)上的第一凹球形导向面(9)和导向件(22)的第二凸球形导向面(23),导向件(22)的定位面(24)在固定于外部件(1)上的支承件(28)的定位面上径向可调地导向,定位面(31)与外部件纵轴(2)垂直,其中的内部件(7),外部件(1)和笼件(15)彼此绕偏转中心(27)摆动的设置,其特征在于,导向件(22)包括球形部分或球面,球形部分的平面或球面的平面之一用作定位面(24),其定位面是平面,在其中设置偏转中心(27),支承件(28)的定位面(31)配置到定位面(24)上。
2.如权利要求1的同步固定活节,其特征在于,支承件(28)直接固定到外部件(1)上。
3.如权利要求1的同步固定活节,其特征在于,支承件(28)装在固定到外部分(1)的固定件(39)上。
4.如权利要求1至3之一的同步固定活节,其特征在于,与具有定位面(31)的部分(38)相连的支承件(28)具有一呈尖锥的部分(36)。
5.如权利要求1或2的同步固定活节,其特征在于,支承件(28)由板金件构成。
6.如权利要求3的同步固定活节,其特征在于,支承件(28)具有带定位面(31)的盘件(38)和与其相连的呈尖锥形的轴(36),该轴(36)具有横断面定位的轴颈(37),固定件(39)具有一承接轴颈(37)的孔(40)。
7.如权利要求1的同步固定活节,其特征在于,支承件(28)与外部件(1)的定位面(29)邻接。
8.如权利要求3的同步固定活节,其特征在于,固定件(39)与外部件(1)的定位面(29)邻接。
9.如权利要求7或8的同步固定活节,其特征在于,定位面(29)通过具有起始面的平面形成,它通过用于加工外圈凹槽(3)的变形工具进行精压或压制。
10.如权利要求9的同步固定活节,其特征在于,导向件(22)的定位面(24)具有中部的凹部分(26)。
11.如权利要求9的同步固定活节,其特征在于,在形成球面的导向件(22)时,各中部的凹部分具有两平表面(24,25)。
12.如权利要求11的同步固定活节,其特征在于,凹部分通过穿孔(26)实现。
13.如权利要求12的同步固定活节,其特征在于,凹球形导向面(9)在内部件(7)纵轴(10)区域具有凹部分(12)。
14.如权利要求1 3的同步固定活节,其特征在于,支承件(28)的定位面(31)在外部件纵轴(2)区域具有凹部分(35)。
CN95117587A 1994-11-23 1995-11-23 同步固定活节 Expired - Fee Related CN1056674C (zh)

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