CN100425853C - 带有改进的滚珠隔离圈的双滚珠接头 - Google Patents

带有改进的滚珠隔离圈的双滚珠接头 Download PDF

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CN100425853C
CN100425853C CNB2004800277790A CN200480027779A CN100425853C CN 100425853 C CN100425853 C CN 100425853C CN B2004800277790 A CNB2004800277790 A CN B2004800277790A CN 200480027779 A CN200480027779 A CN 200480027779A CN 100425853 C CN100425853 C CN 100425853C
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ball
joint
cage
cage ring
window
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CN1856663A (zh
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H·哈尼谢费格
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GKN Driveline Deutschland GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/2233—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts where the track is made up of two curves with a point of inflexion in between, i.e. S-track joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/224—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22303—Details of ball cages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22309—Details of grooves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/12—Mounting or assembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S464/00—Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
    • Y10S464/904—Homokinetic coupling
    • Y10S464/906—Torque transmitted via radially spaced balls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49861—Sizing mating parts during final positional association

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Toys (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
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Abstract

一种呈一双滚珠接头形式的同心接头包括以下特征：一外接头部分(12)、它包括一第一纵轴线一附连端和一孔端，这两端彼此相对地定位，且该外接头部分包括诸外滚珠轨道(22)；一内接头部分(13)，它包括一第二纵轴线以及一用于指向外接头部分(12)的孔端的一轴的附连装置，该内接头部分包括内滚珠滚道(23)；诸外滚珠滚道(22)和诸内滚珠滚道(23)彼此形成诸轨道对(22、23)，每对分别容纳诸滚珠。邻近于周缘的轨道对(221、231)的外和内滚珠滚道的中心线布置在彼此平行且相对于纵轴线对称以匹配纵轴线的平面内；一滚珠隔离圈定位在外接头部分(12)与内接头部分(13)之间并包括沿圆周分布的诸隔离圈窗口，它们分别从相邻的轨道对中容纳成对的滚珠，轨道对布置在彼此平行的平面内。用于第二对滚珠(14)的第二隔离圈窗口(18)的圆周长度小于用于第一对滚珠(15)的第一隔离圈窗口的圆周长度(X1)。

Description

带有改进的滚珠隔离圈的双滚珠接头
技术领域
本发明涉及一种呈双滚珠接头形式的恒速接头。这样的接头具有以下特征：
---外接头部分，它包括一第一纵轴线L12、一附连端和一孔端，这两端沿轴向彼此相反地定位，该外接头部分包括诸外滚道(22)，
---内接头部分，它包括一第二纵轴线L13和一用于指向外接头部分的孔端的一轴的附连装置，该内接头部分包括诸内滚道，
--诸外滚道和诸内滚道彼此形成多对轨道，每一对轨道容纳多个滚珠，
--沿圆周毗邻的诸对轨道包括诸外滚道中心线和内滚道中心线，当纵轴线L12、L13对齐时这些所述中心线位于彼此平行延伸且相对于纵轴线对称的平面E、E’内，
---滚珠隔离圈(ball cage)定位在外接头部分和内接头部分之间，并包括沿圆周分布的诸隔离圈窗(cage window)，它们各容纳定位在平行平面内的毗邻的轨道对里的成对的滚珠。
背景技术
当组装固定接头时，通常的做法是：首先，彼此插入外接头部分、滚珠隔离圈和内接头部分，然后插入诸滚珠，同时过铰接(overarticulating)该接头，也就是说，内接头部分和外接头部分这样地彼此相对铰接，即，使被引导到在内接头部分和外接头部分之间的半个铰接角上的隔离圈的每个隔离圈窗口从外接头部分露出。这样的过铰接导致已被安装的、既未定位在铰接平面内也未定位在延伸通过滚珠隔离圈轴线的平面(该平面垂直于铰接平面定位)内的那些滚珠沿其隔离圈窗口的圆周方向移位。铰接角越大，则对应的隔离圈窗口的圆周长度也必须越大。延长隔离圈窗口的长度导致隔离圈窗口之间的腹板宽度减小。这又降低了隔离圈强度，这是不理想的。
恒速固定接头的成对的轨道定位在诸径向平面内并朝外接头部分的孔联合地加宽。可从DE 42 34 488 C1中了解到这样的恒速固定接头，它提出一种隔离圈，该隔离圈包括：彼此被相对地定位在一径向平面内并具有较小的一第一圆周长度的诸隔离圈窗口，以及中心位于所述径向平面和一垂直于该平面延伸的平面外并具有较大的一第二圆周长度的诸隔离圈窗口。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供呈双滚珠接头形式的改进的等速活节，它的隔离圈具有提高了的强度。该目的的实现在于：滚珠隔离圈包括沿圆周分布的诸隔离圈窗口，这些窗口各容纳被定位在平行平面E、E’内的毗邻轨道对内的成对滚珠；以及，用于第二对滚珠的第二隔离圈窗口的圆周长度X2小于用于第一对滚珠的第一隔离圈窗口的圆周长度X1。这允许有一种组装方法，其中，首先将第一对滚珠一个接一个地安装在第一隔离圈窗口内，然后将第二对滚珠一个接一个地安装在第二隔离圈窗口内。对于将所述第二对滚珠安装在第二隔离圈窗口内，要求对应的诸隔离圈窗口的圆周长度小于安装第二对滚珠过程中第一对滚珠在诸第一隔离圈窗口内运动所需要的长度。由于此原因，并将一半数量的窗口分给一半数量的滚珠，且相对于彼此平行延伸的平面E、E’对齐于毗邻的轨道对，这样，使在诸滚珠窗口之间的腹板被加宽，因此增加了隔离圈的强度。
在其附连端的外接头部分包括一带有一附连轴颈的一接头基部(joint base)，或甚至一带有与第一孔相对地定位的另一第二孔的凸缘面。
本发明的优点在具有较大数量，即8个或10个滚珠的接头中特别地明显，同样情形的现有技术的接头的腹板宽度特别地小。本发明较佳地适用于这样的接头，即，其滚珠的数量可被4整除。对于具有不同数量滚珠的接头的第一对轨道和第二对轨道的布置，可参阅以下结合附图的描述。
附图说明
本发明的优选实施例将在附图中示出，并在下文中进行描述。
图1是通过本发明一接头的纵向截面图。
图2示出根据图1的接头的、通过滚珠隔离圈的截面图，其中，
a)是根据本发明的滚珠隔离圈，
b)是根据现有技术的滚珠隔离圈。
图3示出不同组装状态过程中的本发明的接头
a)侧视图
b)接头孔(joint aperture)的轴向视图
c)滚珠隔离圈和内接头部分的侧视图
d)滚珠隔离圈和内接头部分的轴向视图。
具体实施方式
图1是通过本发明接头11的纵向截面图，它显示为包括一外接头部分12以及一内接头部分13，该外接头部分12具有一基部20和一接头孔21，而内接头部分13具有一内孔28，以便将一轴颈插入其内。一轴颈27形成在外接头部分的基部20上。所示截面相对于外接头部分的纵轴线L12和内接头部分的L13平行地延伸，这在稍后可见。在所述截面中，可以标明外接头部分12内的外滚珠滚道221、222和内接头部分13内的内滚珠滚道231、232。所述轨道形成轨道对221、231和222、232，滚珠141、142分别在其中移动。对应于纵轴线L12、L13的诸滚珠中心定位在接头中心平面EM内，在该中心平面EM内轨道对从孔21向基部20放宽。也可构思这样的滚珠滚道的设计，它相对于接头中心平面EM成镜面对称(相对于这里所示的滚珠滚道)。诸滚珠通过一滚珠隔离圈16保持在一公共平面内，在此情形中，该平面对应于接头中心平面EM。诸滚珠被接纳在滚珠隔离圈16内的各窗口中，图中示出滚珠隔离圈的第一窗口181、182。
下面将联合地描述图2的两个视图。视图a)示出根据本发明的一接头，而视图b)示出根据现有技术的一接头。所示横截面对应于图1的平面B-B的截面。
还有，接头11显示为包括带有外滚珠滚道的外接头部分12和带有内滚珠滚道的内接头部分13，成对的滚珠被接纳在轨道内。在接头部件之间可以看见带有隔离圈窗口的滚珠隔离圈16。如视图中所示的截面A-A同时是平面E1、E1’中的一个，接纳第二对滚珠14、14’的成对轨道的中心线在该平面内延伸。平面E1、E1’垂直于附图平面定位，即，平行于和对称于纵轴线L12、L13以及对应的纵向轴线。现在作个比较：在根据视图b)的现有技术的接头中，所有隔离圈的窗口18的圆周向长度相同，在各个隔离圈窗口之间的网腹板17的腹板宽度A1彼此相同并大大地减小；然而，根据视图a)的本发明的接头显示为包括这样的隔离圈窗口18，即，其具有圆周长度X1和第一对滚珠14、14’，而第二隔离圈窗口19具有较小的圆周长度X2和第二对滚珠15、15’。如下面将解释的，带有圆周长度X1的较长的第一隔离圈窗口19设置有诸第一滚珠15，然后，具有较短圆周长度X2的第二隔离圈窗口18设置有诸第二滚珠14。通过减小隔离圈窗口18的圆周长度，腹板的圆周长度在一侧上增加，这样，获得的腹板宽度为A1＞A2。在任一情形中，所述增加发生在每个所示腹板的一侧上，这样，隔离圈的强度整体地均匀增加。
图3的不同视图和图解显示接头组装的最后阶段，在此过程中，内接头部分13和滚珠隔离圈16相对于外接头部分12铰接，也示出了所谓过铰接的情形，其中，一隔离圈窗口从外接头部分露出，以使可将滚珠14插入到隔离圈窗口18内并插入到内滚珠槽23内。这里露出的隔离圈窗口是具有较短圆周长度X2的第二隔离圈窗口18。如图c)中可见，当过铰接的接头、已经安装的第一滚珠15在较长的隔离圈窗口19内移位直到它们邻接时，使所述隔离圈窗口19的长度X1由过铰接的尺寸所确定，这对于能将滚珠14插入较短的隔离圈窗口18内是必要的。如图b)中可见，为将滚珠14直接地插入隔离圈窗口18和靠近铰接平面定位的内滚珠槽23内，只需要隔离圈窗口18的短的长度X2。在所示最后组装阶段之前，相对的诸滚珠14以相同的方式插入它们的诸隔离圈窗口18内。此前，在两个第一组装阶段中，在过铰接的条件下，诸第一隔离圈窗口19以相同的方式设置有诸滚珠15，此阶段中还没有诸滚珠15的诸第二隔离圈窗口的圆周长度对于所述组装阶段没有意义。
附图标号明细
11    接头
12    外接头部分
13    内接头部分
14    滚珠
15    --
16    隔离圈
17    腹板
18    隔离圈窗口
19    隔离圈窗口
20    基部
21    接头孔
22    外滚珠槽
23    内滚珠槽
27    轴颈
28    内孔

Claims (3)

1.一种呈一双滚珠接头形式的恒速接头，该接头具有以下特征：
一外接头部分(12)，它包括一第一纵轴线(L12)以及一附连端和一孔端，这两端沿轴向彼此相对地定位，且该外接头部分包括外滚珠滚道(22)，
一内接头部分(13)，它包括一第二纵轴线(L13)以及一用于指向外接头部分(12)的孔端的一轴的附连装置，该内接头部分包括内滚珠滚道(23)，
外滚珠滚道(22)和内滚珠滚道(23)彼此形成轨道对(22、23)，每个轨道对容纳滚珠(14、15)，
沿圆周毗邻的轨道对(221、231、221’、231’)包括外和内滚珠滚道的中心线，当纵轴线(L12、L13)对齐时所述中心线位于彼此平行延伸且相对于纵轴线对称的平面(E、E’)内，
一滚珠隔离圈(16)定位在外接头部分(12)和内接头部分(13)之间并包括沿圆周分布的隔离圈窗口(18、19)，各窗口容纳定位在平行平面(E、E’)内的毗邻轨道对的成对的滚珠(14、14’、15、15’)，其中，所述滚珠隔离圈(16)还包括在所述隔离圈窗口(18、19)之间的腹板(17)，
用于第二对滚珠(14、14’)的第二隔离圈窗口(18)的圆周长度(X2)小于用于第一对滚珠(15、15’)的第一隔离圈窗口(19)的圆周长度(X1)，以及
在所述第一和第二隔离圈窗口(18、19)之间的腹板(17)具有相同的圆周方向的宽度，
第一隔离圈窗口(19)的圆周长度(X1)被限制于安装第二滚珠(14、14’)所需要的尺寸。
2.如权利要求1所述的接头，其特征在于，接头包括偶数个的至少八个滚珠(14、15)。
3.一种组装如权利要求1或2所述的接头的方法，其特征在于，将第一对滚珠(15、15’)通过过铰接的接头的第一隔离圈窗口(19)一个接一个地插入，此后，将第二对滚珠(14、14’)通过过铰接的接头的第二隔离圈窗口(18)一个接一个地插入。
CNB2004800277790A 2003-08-18 2004-06-12 带有改进的滚珠隔离圈的双滚珠接头 Expired - Fee Related CN100425853C (zh)

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US20070275784A1 (en) 2007-11-29
CN1856663A (zh) 2006-11-01
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