CN105658976A - 用于圆柱形的滚动体的轴向保持架 - Google Patents

用于圆柱形的滚动体的轴向保持架 Download PDF

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CN105658976A
CN105658976A CN201480054970.8A CN201480054970A CN105658976A CN 105658976 A CN105658976 A CN 105658976A CN 201480054970 A CN201480054970 A CN 201480054970A CN 105658976 A CN105658976 A CN 105658976A
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CN105658976B (zh
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沃尔夫冈·菲格
安德烈亚斯·基施纳
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/54—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal
    • F16C33/542—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal
    • F16C33/543—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal from a single part
    • F16C33/546—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal from a single part with a M- or W-shaped cross section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/30—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for axial load mainly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/30—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for axial load mainly
    • F16C19/305—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for axial load mainly consisting of rollers held in a cage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/54—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal
    • F16C33/541—Details of individual pockets, e.g. shape or roller retaining means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/54—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal
    • F16C33/542—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/56—Selection of substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/02—Mechanical properties
    • F16C2202/04—Hardness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/64—Medium carbon steel, i.e. carbon content from 0.4 to 0,8 wt%
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/66—High carbon steel, i.e. carbon content above 0.8 wt%, e.g. through-hardenable steel

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于圆柱形的滚动体的轴向保持架(1)，所述轴向保持架基本上由具有成型的横截面的、薄壁的环形盘(2)构成，所述横截面通过在所述环形盘(2)的内缘上形成的内部的径向边缘(3)、在所述环形盘(2)的外缘上形成的外部的径向边缘(4)和通过经由轴向内部的和外部的中间型廓部段(5，6)与所述径向边缘(3，4)连接的中部的卷边(7)形成。在此，从所述卷边(7)和邻接的所述中间型廓部段(5，6)中切出多个均匀地彼此间隔开的矩形的保持架兜孔(8)，在所述保持架兜孔之间形成相同数量的、将所述边缘(3，4)彼此连接的兜孔连接片(9)，通过所述兜孔连接片，圆柱形的所述滚动体(10)彼此间以均匀的间距保持在所述保持架兜孔(8)中以及沿着环周方向被引导。根据本发明，所述环形盘(2)由透硬淬火的和回火的、具有450HV的最大硬度的高合金弹簧钢构成，其中任何商业上通用的、具有为滚动体(10)的直径的15％至25％的最小材料厚度的弹簧钢可以用作为用于环形盘(2)的弹簧钢。

Description

用于圆柱形的滚动体的轴向保持架
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的特征所述的用于圆柱形的滚动体的轴向保持架，并且所述特征可尤其有利地在用于轴向滚针轴承的轴向保持架上实现。
背景技术
通过DE1174113A已知一种用于轴向滚针轴承的常规的轴向保持架，所述轴向保持架基本上由具有成型的横截面的、薄壁的环形盘构成，所述横截面通过在环形盘的内缘上形成的内部的径向边缘、在环形盘的外缘上形成的外部的径向边缘和经由内部的和外部的中间型廓部段与径向边缘连接的中部的卷边形成。在此，从中部的卷边和邻接的中间型廓部段中切出多个均匀地彼此间隔开的矩形的保持架兜孔，在所述保持架兜孔之间形成相同数量的、将边缘彼此连接的兜孔连接片，通过所述兜孔连接片，构成为轴承滚针的圆柱形的滚动体彼此间以均匀的间距保持在保持架兜孔中以及沿着环周方向被引导。
这种轴向保持架通常由非合金钢例如品种DC03构成并且以已知的方式由连续的金属带材在多个加工步骤中在分级式冲压拉伸工具中以非切削的方式制造，使得首先冲压出经由两个侧面的保持连接片与金属带材连接的环形盘，随后将中部的卷边和外部的径向边缘成形到环形盘中，此后冲压出轴向保持架的内直径并且在环形盘上形成内部的径向边缘，随后冲压出保持架兜孔并且最后还冲压出轴向保持架的外直径。最后，已完成成形的轴向保持架仍在独立的加工步骤中表面硬化并且回火或者氮碳共渗，以便提高其耐磨强度。
然而在实践中已表明：首先已冲压的轴向保持架在独立的加工步骤中待执行的表面硬化和回火或者氮碳共渗是极其时间耗费和成本耗费的，由于所述表面硬化和回火或者氮碳共渗对保持架制造的经济性提出疑问。关于轴向保持架的可实现的质量，轴向保持架的表面硬化和回火或者氮碳共渗也已证实是不利的，因为轴向保持架的热处理引起淬火变形并且轴向保持架的氮碳共渗引起公差波动，由于所述公差波动引起保持架的非圆性直至引起在滚针滚道上擦蹭保持架或者引起轴承滚针卡在保持架兜孔中。除此之外，已知的钢保持架仅能够通过表面淬火构成从而仅能够构成有相对低的耐磨强度和抗拉强度，因为钢保持架的透硬淬火可能导致材料变脆并且最终导致轴向保持架在运行条件下过早地断裂。由于该原因，由此由具有非常小的横截面的钢板制造轴向保持架也是完全不可行的，因为这些材料可能因其小的强度而基本上透硬淬火从而变脆。
发明内容
以所阐述的已知的现有技术的缺点为出发点，由此本发明基于下述目的：设计一种用于圆柱形的滚动体的轴向保持架，所述轴向保持架可在不进行表面硬化和回火或者氮碳共渗的情况下制造并且表现出绝对无淬火变形以及表现出提高的耐磨强度和抗拉强度和较低的公差波动。
根据本发明，该目的在根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的轴向保持架中如下实现：该轴向保持架由环形盘制造，所述环形盘由透硬淬火和回火的、具有450HV的最大硬度的高合金弹簧钢构成。
由此本发明基于如下非显而易见的理念：使用高合金弹簧钢作为用于保持架制造的原材料，所述高合金弹簧钢在加工之前就已经透硬淬火和回火。由此，因为通过使用这种弹簧钢能够省去对轴向保持架的标准化的热处理，所以保持了其高的冲压精度并且不会再出现淬火变形以及公差波动。除此之外，对于轴向保持架而言通过使用弹簧钢可行的是，保持架由极其薄的带材制造并且尽管如此仍旧形状稳定地构成，因为弹簧钢的抗拉强度相对于迄今为止所使用的带钢高至10倍。同样地，对于轴向保持架而言通过使用弹簧钢产生如下可行性：在冲压机中就已经给轴向保持架装配滚动体，因为从现在起也能够省去轴向保持架的通常在装配滚动体之前在独立的工序中执行的表面调质处理。
根据本发明构成的轴向保持架的优选的设计方案和有利的改进方案在从属权利要求中描述。
据此，根据权利要求2在根据本发明构成的轴向保持架中提出：任何商业上通用的弹簧钢、例如品种为C75SQT的弹簧钢，可用作为用于环形盘的弹簧钢。
根据权利要求3所述的是根据本发明构成的轴向保持架的另一特征：用于环形盘的弹簧钢具有为滚动体的直径的15％至25％的最小材料厚度。在优选使用直径为0.8mm的轴承滚针时，用于轴向保持架的弹簧钢的材料厚度由此在0.12mm和0.2mm之间。
最后，作为根据本发明构成的轴向保持架的有利的设计方案通过权利要求4和5还提出：环形盘的横截面型廓构成为无边棱的波纹状型廓，其中部的卷边与侧面的边缘具有相同的径向高度，并且中间型廓部段和中部的卷边具有上下排列在一起的、相同半径的或者正弦曲线的形状。为了将滚动体可靠地保持在保持架兜孔中，中部的卷边在此构成有与侧面的边缘相同的径向高度。而由于所使用的弹簧钢的硬度，环形盘的横截面型廓构成为由彼此靠近地排列的、相同半径的或者正弦曲线构成的无边棱的波纹状型廓，以便防止轴向保持架的由于型廓边棱而引起的可能的断裂危险。
附图说明
接下来参考所附的附图详细阐述根据本发明构成的轴向保持架的一个优选的实施方式。在此示出：
图1示出根据本发明构成的轴向保持架的三维的整体视图；
图2示出贯穿根据图1的根据本发明构成的轴向保持架的剖面A-A。
具体实施方式
从图1中清楚地看到用于构成为轴承滚针的、圆柱形的滚动体10的轴向保持架1，所述轴向保持架基本上由具有成型的横截面的、薄壁的环形盘2构成。成型的横截面在此如从图2中所看到的那样通过在环形盘2的内缘上形成的内部的径向边缘3、在环形盘2的外缘上形成的外部的径向边缘4和通过经由轴向内部的和外部的中间型廓部段5、6与径向边缘3、4连接的中部的卷边7形成。除此之外，从卷边7和邻接的中间型廓部段5、6中切出多个彼此均匀间隔开的矩形的保持架兜孔8，在所述保持架兜孔之间形成相同数量的、将边缘3、4彼此连接的兜孔连接片9，通过所述兜孔连接片，圆柱形的滚动体10彼此间以均匀的间距保持在保持架兜孔8中以及沿着环周方向被引导。
为了在所示出的轴向保持架1中避免因表面硬化和回火引起的淬火变形或者因氮碳共渗引起的公差波动，根据本发明使用透硬淬火的和回火的、具有450HV的最大硬度的高合金弹簧钢作为用于其环形盘2的原材料。作为用于环形盘的弹簧钢，在此示例性地使用品种为C75SQT的弹簧钢，所述弹簧钢具有为滚动体10的直径的15％至25％的最小材料厚度。除此之外，如在图2中所清楚看到的那样，为了避免保持架断裂并且为了可靠地将滚动体10保持在保持架兜孔8中，环形盘2的横截面型廓构成为无边棱的波纹状型廓，其中部的卷边7具有与侧面的边缘3、4相同的径向高度，其中中间型廓部段5、6和中部的卷边7具有上下排列在一起的、相同半径的或者正弦曲线的形状。
附图标记列表
1轴向保持架
2环形盘
3内部的径向边缘
4外部的径向边缘
5内部的中间型廓部段
6外部的中间型廓部段
7中部的卷边
8保持架兜孔
9兜孔连接片
10滚动体。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于圆柱形的滚动体的轴向保持架(1)，所述轴向保持架基本上由具有成型的横截面的、薄壁的环形盘(2)构成，所述横截面通过在所述环形盘(2)的内缘上形成的内部的径向边缘(3)、在所述环形盘(2)的外缘上形成的外部的径向边缘(4)和通过经由内部的和外部的中间型廓部段(5，6)与所述径向边缘(3，4)连接的中部的卷边(7)形成，其中从所述卷边(7)和邻接的所述中间型廓部段(5，6)中切出多个均匀地彼此间隔开的矩形的保持架兜孔(8)，在所述保持架兜孔之间形成相同数量的、将边缘(3，4)彼此连接的兜孔连接片(9)，通过所述兜孔连接片，圆柱形的所述滚动体(10)彼此间以均匀的间距保持在所述保持架兜孔(8)中以及沿着环周方向被引导，
其特征在于，所述环形盘(2)由透硬淬火和回火的、具有450HV的最大硬度的高合金的弹簧钢构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴向保持架，其特征在于，任何商业上通用的弹簧钢，例如品种为C75SQT的弹簧钢，能够用作为用于所述环形盘(2)的弹簧钢。
3.根据权利要求1所述的轴向保持架，其特征在于，用于所述环形盘(2)的所述弹簧钢具有为所述滚动体(10)的直径的15％至25％的最小材料厚度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的轴向保持架，其特征在于，所述环形盘(2)的横截面型廓构成为无边棱的波纹状型廓，所述波纹状型廓的中部的卷边(7)与所述边缘(3，4)具有相同的径向高度。
5.根据权利要求3所述的轴向保持架，其特征在于，所述中间型廓部段(5，6)和中部的所述卷边(7)具有以下降和上升的方式彼此靠近地排列的、相同半径的或者正弦曲线的形状。
CN201480054970.8A 2013-10-22 2014-09-23 用于圆柱形的滚动体的轴向保持架 Expired - Fee Related CN105658976B (zh)

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CN111492147A (zh) * 2017-11-06 2020-08-04 光洋轴承北美有限责任公司 用于滚子推力轴承的两件式滚子保持架
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CN105658976B (zh) 2018-12-07
US20160265592A1 (en) 2016-09-15
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EP3060821A1 (de) 2016-08-31
DE102013221363A1 (de) 2015-04-23

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