CN105638851B - 一种食品保鲜垫制备方法 - Google Patents

一种食品保鲜垫制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105638851B
CN105638851B CN201610017701.5A CN201610017701A CN105638851B CN 105638851 B CN105638851 B CN 105638851B CN 201610017701 A CN201610017701 A CN 201610017701A CN 105638851 B CN105638851 B CN 105638851B
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water
woven fabrics
food
carbon dioxide
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CN105638851A (zh
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陈晨伟
谢晶
葛奇奇
洪楠
张吉
杨福馨
李增圣
张子桐
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Shanghai Maritime University
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    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23B4/14Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
    • A23B4/16Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/14Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
    • A23B4/18Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23B4/20Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/14Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
    • A23B4/18Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23B4/24Inorganic compounds
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    • B32B27/30Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B32B37/1284Application of adhesive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
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    • B32B38/164Drying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/30Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being formed of particles, e.g. chips, granules, powder
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及的一种食品保鲜垫,其特征在于:包括两层无纺布层2和夹持在两层无纺布之间的水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜层(4),所述的上层无纺布层外表覆有具有抗菌功能的海藻酸钠膜层(1),所述的水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜层(4)的外表面涂覆着二氧化碳释放放反应物材料层(3),所述的下层无纺布层的上表面布有粘合剂粘合均匀分布的食品级吸水剂;所述的上、下无纺布层(2)和水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜层(4)经粘接热压后构成复合型食品保鲜垫。

Description

一种食品保鲜垫制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种食品保鲜垫制备方法,具体地说,是一种适用于托盘冷藏保鲜的食品保鲜垫制备方法,尤其适用于适合高二氧化碳保鲜的冷鲜肉制品包装。
背景技术
超市小包装冷鲜肉通常采用托盘加保鲜膜覆盖的形式实现短期冷藏保鲜。在贮藏销售过程中会随着贮藏时间的增加而渗出大量汁液,不仅降低冷鲜肉的感官品质,而且随着包装空间内相对湿度增加,也易促进微生物生长,使冷鲜肉货架期缩短,严重影响了冷鲜肉的商业价值。针对该问题,目前市场上已开始使用吸水垫放置于肉制品的下方,吸收渗出的汁液,改善其感官品质,延长货架期。但是该吸水垫只是吸收冷鲜肉渗出的汁液,无抗菌等其他防腐保鲜功能,对抑制其微生物生长、延长货架期的作用不明显。
公知的气调包装是一种常用的食品保鲜技术,可以提高肉的品质,改善卫生状况,延长货架期。二氧化碳是气调包装中常采用的主要气体之一,它能影响细菌细胞壁的渗透性,具有抑制细菌和真菌生长的作用,尤其是兼性或厌氧的微生物,也能抑制酶的活性,且其水溶性能导致肉的PH下降,抑制不耐酸微生物的生长繁殖。但气调包装需要采用专门的气调包装设备,设备昂贵,存在一定的不便性。
此外,向食品中添加防腐剂也是目前常用的一种食品保鲜技术,但随着人们对食品品质和安全性要求的提高,更希望食用到不含或含尽可能少的防腐剂的食品。国外有研究表明:对比直接向食品中添加防腐剂,通过包装材料向食品中缓慢释放防腐剂具有消耗防腐剂少、较长时间抑制食品腐败变质等优势。
因此,开发一种多功能的食品保鲜垫,具有重要的市场应用价值。通过该保鲜垫与托盘冷鲜肉制品间的相互作用,抑制冷鲜肉在贮藏销售过程中微生物的生长,吸收其渗出的汁液,延长货架期,这已经成为鲜肉市场流通中需要解决的一个课题。
发明内容
本发明的目的:旨在提出一种既具有抗菌、抑菌作用,同时又能够具备二氧化碳气调作用的新型食品保鲜垫,以及这种食品保鲜垫的制备方法。克服目前普遍使用的普通食品保鲜垫存在的缺陷。
这种食品保鲜垫,包括两层无纺布层2和夹持在两层无纺布之间的水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜层4,所述的上层无纺布层外表覆有具有抗菌功能的海藻酸钠膜层1,所述的水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜层4的外表面涂覆着二氧化碳释放反应物材料层3,所述的下层无纺布层的上表面布有粘合剂粘合均匀分布的食品级吸水剂;所述的上、下无纺布层2和水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜层4经粘接热压构成复合型食品保鲜垫。
所述的海藻酸钠膜层组成物以质量分数计,其组成物的配比为:海藻酸钠75~92%,微晶纤维素1~5%,聚丙烯酸钠1~5%,丙三醇1~2%,山梨酸钾5~20%。
所述的二氧化碳释放层中的二氧化碳释放反应物组成以质量分数计,其配比为:碳酸氢钠57%,柠檬酸43%。
这种食品保鲜垫的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)抗菌层材料制备
首先按重量/体积比配制2%的氯化钙溶液。
称取一定质量的微晶纤维素、山梨酸钾加入到蒸馏水中,室温条件下磁力搅拌均匀,超声分散30分钟,再加入一定量的海藻酸钠,在水浴75℃下充分搅拌均匀,冷却至室温后再向其中加入一定量的聚丙烯酸钠和丙三醇;在室温条件下充分搅拌均匀,超声分散30分钟,再将该混合溶液放入真空干燥箱内脱除其中的气泡,得到均匀的混合溶液。
裁取一定面积大小的无纺布,先将无纺布上下表面采用常压低温等离子体进行表面处理,工艺参数如下:气压为常压;空气为气体介质;输出电压40~80V;输出频率5~15kHz,放电间距3mm;温度为室温;再将处理后的无纺布浸泡在上述制得的混合溶液中,浸泡5分钟后取出沥干,放入鼓风干燥箱内在80℃条件下干燥45分钟,取出后再将无纺布浸泡在配制好的氯化钙溶液中,浸泡5分钟后取出沥干,放入真空干燥箱内在50℃条件下干燥60分钟,得到外表层覆有海藻酸钠膜层的上层无纺布层;
(2)二氧化碳释放层材料制备
裁取一定面积大小的水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜,在其上、下表面均匀喷涂胶粘剂,再将一定质量的柠檬酸粉末和碳酸氢钠粉末分别均匀分散在上、下表面,得到以聚乙烯醇薄膜为基底的二氧化碳释放层材料层。
(3)吸水层材料制备
裁取一定面积大小的无纺布,在其上表面均匀喷涂胶粘剂,再将一定质量的食品级吸水剂均匀分散在上表面,得到以下层无纺布2为基底的吸水层材料。
(4)最后,将上述制备得到的三层复合材料层自下而上叠置在一起,通过热压合的方式制备得到最终的食品保鲜垫。
根据以上技术方案提出的食品保鲜垫,与目前普遍使用的普通食品保鲜垫相比较,该食品保鲜垫可以吸收猪肉渗出的汁液,降低包装内的相对湿度;同时可以释放出二氧化碳,可以通过调整柠檬酸和碳酸氢钠加入量来控制二氧化碳的释放量,从而调节包装内CO2浓度,CO2浓度越高对猪肉的抑菌效果越明显;可以抑制微生物的生长,随着保鲜垫抗菌层中山梨酸钾浓度的增加,贮藏过程中猪肉菌落总数增加趋缓,延缓了TVB-N的增加,有效延长了猪肉的货架期。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种食品保鲜垫的结构示意图;
图2是不同包装条件下猪肉贮藏过程中菌落总数的变化曲线图;
图3是不同包装条件下猪肉贮藏过程中TVB-N的变化曲线图。
图中:1.海藻酸钠膜层;2.无纺布;3.二氧化碳释放反应物;4水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜;5.食品级吸水剂。
具体实施方式
实施例1:食品保鲜垫及其制备方法
以下结合附图进一步阐述本发明,并给出本发明的实施例。
如图1所示的这种食品保鲜垫,包括两层无纺布层2和夹持在两层无纺布之间的水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜层4,所述的上层无纺布层外表覆有具有抗菌功能的海藻酸钠膜层1,所述的水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜层4的外表面涂覆着二氧化碳释放反应物材料层3,所述的底层无纺布层的上表面布有粘合剂粘合均匀分布的食品级吸水剂;所述的上、下无纺布层2和水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜层4经粘接热压构成复合型食品保鲜垫。
所述的海藻酸钠膜层组成物以质量分数计,其组成物的配比为:海藻酸钠75~92%,微晶纤维素1~5%,聚丙烯酸钠1~5%,丙三醇1~2%,山梨酸钾5~20%。
所述的二氧化碳释放层中的二氧化碳释放反应物组成以质量分数计,其配比为:碳酸氢钠57%,柠檬酸43%。
请参看图1,图1是本发明一种食品保鲜垫的结构示意图。
实施例1:食品保鲜垫及其制备方法
(1)抗菌层制备
首先配制2%(w/v)的氯化钙溶液。
称取0.33g微晶纤维素、1.63g山梨酸钾加入到1000ml蒸馏水中,室温条件下磁力搅拌均匀,超声分散30分钟,再加入30g海藻酸钠,在水浴75℃下充分搅拌均匀,冷却至室温后再向其中加入0.33g聚丙烯酸钠和0.33g丙三醇,室温条件下充分搅拌均匀,超声分散30分钟,再将该混合溶液放入真空干燥箱内脱除其中的气泡,得到均匀的混合溶液。
裁取尺寸为160mm×100mm的无纺布,先将无纺布上下表面采用常压低温等离子体(介质阻挡放电)进行表面处理,工艺参数如下:气压为常压;空气为气体介质;输出电压50V;输出频率10k Hz,放电间距3mm;温度为室温。再将处理后的无纺布浸泡在上述制得的混合溶液中,浸泡5分钟后取出沥干,放入鼓风干燥箱内在80℃条件下干燥45分钟,取出后再将无纺布浸泡在配制好的氯化钙溶液中,浸泡5分钟后取出沥干,放入真空干燥箱内在50℃条件下干燥60分钟,得到外表层覆有膜层的无纺布,即抗菌层材料;
(2)二氧化碳释放层制备
裁取尺寸为160mm×100mm的水溶性聚乙烯醇,在其上、下表面均匀喷涂胶粘剂,再将1.2g柠檬酸粉末和0.9g碳酸氢钠粉末分别均匀分散在上、下表面,得到二氧化碳释放层材料;
(3)吸水层制备
裁取尺寸为160mm×100mm的无纺布,在其上表面均匀喷涂胶粘剂,再将0.3g食品级吸水剂均匀分散在上表面,得到吸水层材料;
(4)最后,将上述制备得到的三层复合材料层自下而上叠置在一起,通过热压合的方式制备得到最终的食品保鲜垫。
实施例2:食品保鲜垫及其制备方法
请参看图1,图1是本发明一种食品保鲜垫的结构示意图。
(1)抗菌层制备
首先配制2%(w/v)的氯化钙溶液。
称取0.33g微晶纤维素、1.63g山梨酸钾加入到1000ml蒸馏水中,室温条件下磁力搅拌均匀,超声分散30分钟,再加入30g海藻酸钠,在水浴75℃下充分搅拌均匀,冷却至室温后再向其中加入0.33g聚丙烯酸钠和0.33g丙三醇,室温条件下充分搅拌均匀,超声分散30分钟,再将该混合溶液放入真空干燥箱内脱除其中的气泡,得到均匀的混合溶液。
裁取尺寸为160mm×100mm的无纺布,先将无纺布上下表面采用常压低温等离子体(介质阻挡放电)进行表面处理,工艺参数如下:气压为常压;空气为气体介质;输出电压50V;输出频率10k Hz,放电间距3mm;温度为室温。再将处理后的无纺布浸泡在上述制得的混合溶液中,浸泡5分钟后取出沥干,放入鼓风干燥箱内在80℃条件下干燥45分钟,取出后再将无纺布浸泡在配制好的氯化钙溶液中,浸泡5分钟后取出沥干,放入真空干燥箱内在50℃条件下干燥60分钟,得到外表层覆有膜层的无纺布,即抗菌层材料;
(2)二氧化碳释放层制备
裁取尺寸为160mm×100mm的水溶性聚乙烯醇,在其上、下表面均匀喷涂胶粘剂,再将2g柠檬酸粉末和1.5g碳酸氢钠粉末分别均匀分散在上、下表面,得到二氧化碳释放层材料;
(3)吸水层制备
裁取尺寸为160mm×100mm的无纺布,在其上表面均匀喷涂胶粘剂,再将0.3g食品级吸水剂均匀分散在上表面,得到吸水层材料;
(4)最后,将上述制备得到的三层复合材料层自下而上叠置在一起,通过热压合的方式制备得到最终的食品保鲜垫。
实施例3:食品保鲜垫及其制备方法
请参看图1,图1是本发明一种食品保鲜垫的结构示意图。
(1)抗菌层制备
首先配制2%(w/v)的氯化钙溶液。
称取2g微晶纤维素、5.2g山梨酸钾加入到1000ml蒸馏水中,室温条件下磁力搅拌均匀,超声分散30分钟,再加入30g海藻酸钠,在水浴75℃下充分搅拌均匀,冷却至室温后再向其中加入2g聚丙烯酸钠和0.8g丙三醇,室温条件下充分搅拌均匀,超声分散30分钟,再将该混合溶液放入真空干燥箱内脱除其中的气泡,得到均匀的混合溶液。
裁取尺寸为160mm×100mm的无纺布,先将无纺布上下表面采用常压低温等离子体(介质阻挡放电)进行表面处理,工艺参数如下:气压为常压;空气为气体介质;输出电压50V;输出频率10k Hz,放电间距3mm;温度为室温。再将处理后的无纺布浸泡在上述制得的混合溶液中,浸泡5分钟后取出沥干,放入鼓风干燥箱内在80℃条件下干燥45分钟,取出后再将无纺布浸泡在配制好的氯化钙溶液中,浸泡5分钟后取出沥干,放入真空干燥箱内在50℃条件下干燥60分钟,得到外表层覆有膜层的无纺布,即抗菌层材料;
(2)二氧化碳释放层制备
裁取尺寸为160mm×100mm的水溶性聚乙烯醇,在其上、下表面均匀喷涂胶粘剂,再将2g柠檬酸粉末和1.5g碳酸氢钠粉末分别均匀分散在上、下表面,得到二氧化碳释放层材料;
(3)吸水层制备
裁取尺寸为160mm×100mm的无纺布,在其上表面均匀喷涂胶粘剂,再将0.3g食品级吸水剂均匀分散在上表面,得到吸水层材料;
(4)最后,将上述制备得到的三层复合材料层自下而上叠置在一起,通过热压合的方式制备得到最终的食品保鲜垫。
实施例4:食品保鲜垫及其制备方法
请参看图1,图1是本发明一种食品保鲜垫的结构示意图。
(1)抗菌层制备
首先配制2%(w/v)的氯化钙溶液。
称取0.39g微晶纤维素、7.79g山梨酸钾加入到1000ml蒸馏水中,室温条件下磁力搅拌均匀,超声分散30分钟,再加入30g海藻酸钠,在水浴75℃下充分搅拌均匀,冷却至室温后再向其中加入0.39g聚丙烯酸钠和0.39g丙三醇,室温条件下充分搅拌均匀,超声分散30分钟,再将该混合溶液放入真空干燥箱内脱除其中的气泡,得到均匀的混合溶液。
裁取尺寸为160mm×100mm的无纺布,先将无纺布上下表面采用常压低温等离子体(介质阻挡放电)进行表面处理,工艺参数如下:气压为常压;空气为气体介质;输出电压50V;输出频率10k Hz,放电间距3mm;温度为室温。再将处理后的无纺布浸泡在上述制得的混合溶液中,浸泡5分钟后取出沥干,放入鼓风干燥箱内在80℃条件下干燥45分钟,取出后再将无纺布浸泡在配制好的氯化钙溶液中,浸泡5分钟后取出沥干,放入真空干燥箱内在50℃条件下干燥60分钟,得到外表层覆有膜层的无纺布,即抗菌层材料;
(2)二氧化碳释放层制备
裁取尺寸为160mm×100mm的水溶性聚乙烯醇,在其上、下表面均匀喷涂胶粘剂,再将2g柠檬酸粉末和1.5g碳酸氢钠粉末分别均匀分散在上、下表面,得到二氧化碳释放层材料;
(3)吸水层制备
裁取尺寸为160mm×100mm的无纺布,在其上表面均匀喷涂胶粘剂,再将0.3g食品级吸水剂均匀分散在上表面,得到吸水层材料;
(4)最后,将上述制备得到的三层复合材料层自下而上叠置在一起,通过热压合的方式制备得到最终的食品保鲜垫。
本发明的申请人依据提出的上述技术方案,对采用上述技术方法制得的这种食品保鲜垫,用于托盘冷鲜猪瘦肉的包装,包装时将保鲜垫放置于塑料托盘中,保鲜垫上层无纺布层朝上,再将猪肉放于垫子的上方,最后用高阻隔塑料袋密封包装,放入冰箱冷藏(4℃),定期进行相关指标的测定,包括包装内的二氧化碳浓度、相对湿度和猪肉的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)。
具体分组如下:1)空白组,无保鲜垫;2)保鲜垫采用实施例1;3)保鲜垫采用实施例2;4)保鲜垫采用实施例3;5)保鲜垫采用实施例4。其实验结果如下:
(1)包装内相对湿度变化
表1为不同包装条件下包装内相对湿度的变化。从表1中可以看出,对比不含保鲜垫的包装,含保鲜垫(实施例1~4)的包装内相对湿度可以降低约10%,贮藏过程中相对湿度维持在82%~86%,主要是由于在贮藏过程中保鲜垫可以吸收猪肉渗出的汁液,从而降低包装内的相对湿度。
表1不同包装条件下包装内相对湿度的变化
(2)包装内CO2浓度变化
表2为不同包装条件下包装内CO2浓度的变化。从表2中可以看出,含二氧化碳释放层的保鲜垫可以释放出二氧化碳,可以通过调整柠檬酸和碳酸氢钠加入量来控制二氧化碳的释放量,从而调节包装内CO2浓度。从第3天开始,随着贮藏时间的增加,采用实施例1~4包装的包装内CO2浓度略有降低,主要是由于高浓度的CO2在肉表面形成了较高的气体分压,加大了CO2在肉表面的溶解,从而使包装内CO2浓度有所降低。
表2不同包装条件下包装内CO2浓度的变化
备注:表格中百分比表示CO2浓度。
(3)菌落总数测定
图2为不同包装条件下猪肉贮藏过程中菌落总数的变化。国家标准GB/T9959.2-2008《分割鲜、冻猪瘦肉》中规定菌落总数≤1×106CFU/g。从图中可以看出,贮藏过程中猪肉菌落总数随着贮藏时间的增加而增加,其中空白组增加最快,贮藏至第6天时已经超过1×106CFU/g,而实施例1、2、3、4分别在贮藏至第9、12、15、18天时超过1×106CFU/g。结果表明,随着抗菌层中山梨酸钾浓度的增加,贮藏过程中猪肉菌落总数增加趋缓,货架期延长。同时当抗菌层中山梨酸钾浓度相同(实施例1与实施例2)时,采用实施例2包装可以更好地抑制微生物生长,主要是由于实施例2中包装内CO2浓度高于实施例1,CO2浓度越高抑菌效果越明显。
(4)挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)测定
TVB-N是鉴定肉新鲜度的一个很重要的指标,随着肉的腐败进程而增加。图3为不同包装条件下猪肉贮藏过程中TVB-N的变化。国家标准GB/T9959.2-2008《分割鲜、冻猪瘦肉》中规定TVB-N≤15mg/100g。从图中可以看出,贮藏过程中猪肉菌落总数随着贮藏时间的增加而增加,其中空白组增加最快,贮藏至第6天时达到16.5mg/100g,超过国标中的规定值。而实施例1、2、3、4分别在贮藏至第9、12、15、18天时达到16.1mg/100g、19.8mg/100g、17.1mg/100g、19.3mg/100g,其变化趋势与菌落总数基本一致,这是由于随着贮藏时间的增加,微生物大量繁殖,分解蛋白质,产生具有挥发性的氨及胺类物质。结果表明,随着抗菌层中山梨酸钾浓度的增加,贮藏过程中猪肉TVB-N上升趋缓。同时当抗菌层中山梨酸钾浓度相同(实施例1与实施例2)时,采用实施例2包装可以更好地延缓TVB-N的增加。
因此,在贮藏过程中,食品保鲜垫可以吸收猪肉渗出的汁液,降低包装内的相对湿度;同时可以释放出二氧化碳,可以通过调整柠檬酸和碳酸氢钠加入量来控制二氧化碳的释放量,从而调节包装内CO2浓度,CO2浓度越高对猪肉的抑菌效果越明显;可以抑制微生物的生长,随着保鲜垫抗菌层中山梨酸钾浓度的增加,贮藏过程中猪肉菌落总数增加趋缓,延缓了TVB-N的增加,有效延长了猪肉的货架期。
以上仅是本发明依据基本创意给出的具体实施方式,任何依据本基本创意给出的不具备实质性改进均应属于本发明保护的范畴。

Claims (1)

1.一种食品保鲜垫的制备方法,其特征在于:
( 1)选材组合
选用两层无纺布层(2)和夹持在两层无纺布之间的水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜层(4),所述的上层无纺布层外表覆有具有抗菌功能的海藻酸钠膜层(1),所述的水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜层(4)的外表面涂覆着二氧化碳释放反应物材料层(3),所述的下层无纺布层的上表面布有粘合剂粘合均匀分布的食品级吸水剂;所述的上、下无纺布层(2)和水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜层(4)经粘接热压合构成复合型食品保鲜垫;所述的海藻酸钠膜层组成物以质量分数计,其组成物的配比为:海藻酸钠75~92%,微晶纤维素1~5%,聚丙烯酸钠1~5%,丙三醇1~2%,山梨酸钾5~20%;所述的二氧化碳释放层中的二氧化碳释放反应物组成以质量分数计,其配比为:碳酸氢钠57%,柠檬酸43%;
(2)抗菌层材料制备
首先按重量/体积比配制2%的氯化钙溶液;
称取一定质量的微晶纤维素、山梨酸钾加入到蒸馏水中,室温条件下磁力搅拌均匀,超声分散30分钟,再加入一定量的海藻酸钠,在水浴75℃下充分搅拌均匀,冷却至室温后再向其中加入一定量的聚丙烯酸钠和丙三醇;在室温条件下充分搅拌均匀,超声分散30分钟,再将该混合溶液放入真空干燥箱内脱除其中的气泡,得到均匀的混合溶液;
裁取一定面积大小的无纺布,先将无纺布上下表面采用常压低温等离子体进行表面处理,工艺参数如下:气压为常压;空气为气体介质;输出电压40~80V;输出频率5~15k Hz,放电间距3mm;温度为室温;再将处理后的无纺布浸泡在上述制得的混合溶液中,浸泡5分钟后取出沥干,放入鼓风干燥箱内在80℃条件下干燥45分钟,取出后再将无纺布浸泡在配制好的氯化钙溶液中,浸泡5分钟后取出沥干,放入真空干燥箱内在50℃条件下干燥60分钟,得到外表层覆有海藻酸钠膜层的上层无纺布层;
(3)二氧化碳释放层材料制备
裁取一定面积大小的水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜,在其上、下表面均匀喷涂胶粘剂,再将一定质量的柠檬酸粉末和碳酸氢钠粉末分别均匀分散在上、下表面,得到以聚乙烯醇薄膜为基底的二氧化碳释放层材料层;
(4)吸水层材料制备
裁取一定面积大小的无纺布,在其上表面均匀喷涂胶粘剂,再将一定质量的食品级吸水剂均匀分散在上表面,得到以下层无纺布(2)为基底的吸水层材料;
(5)最后,将上述制备得到的三层复合材料层自下而上叠置在一起,通过热压合的方式制备得到最终的食品保鲜垫。
CN201610017701.5A 2016-01-12 2016-01-12 一种食品保鲜垫制备方法 Active CN105638851B (zh)

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CN106976646B (zh) * 2017-04-26 2019-10-29 深圳市裕同包装科技股份有限公司 一种蔬果包装材料及其制备工艺
CN107372778A (zh) * 2017-08-14 2017-11-24 内蒙古农业大学 一种用于冷鲜肉保鲜的抑菌垫及其制备方法
CN107624864A (zh) * 2017-11-06 2018-01-26 浙江农林大学暨阳学院 一种用于预切马铃薯的保鲜袋的制备方法及产品
CN107811031A (zh) * 2017-12-05 2018-03-20 苏州市农业科学院 一种无花果的常温物理保鲜装置及方法
CN108112683A (zh) * 2018-01-18 2018-06-05 武汉轻工大学 一种冷鲜鱼肉抑菌保鲜方法及保鲜盒
CN111011474A (zh) * 2019-11-29 2020-04-17 大连民族大学 一种用于鲜切果蔬贮藏保鲜的抗菌垫及其制作方法
CN111286062B (zh) * 2020-03-16 2022-09-20 四川天星智能包装股份有限公司 一种果蔬包装袋复合材料
CN111705421B (zh) * 2020-06-22 2021-01-08 浙江王金非织造布有限公司 一种含有水刺复合纤维层的保鲜垫及其制备方法
CN112544689B (zh) * 2021-01-06 2024-01-23 渤海大学 一种应用于生鲜水产品和肉品保鲜的绿色缓释型保鲜衬垫的制备方法
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