CN105638538B - A kind of lefteye flounder ecology mark method for being used to release statistics - Google Patents

A kind of lefteye flounder ecology mark method for being used to release statistics Download PDF

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CN105638538B
CN105638538B CN201610192453.8A CN201610192453A CN105638538B CN 105638538 B CN105638538 B CN 105638538B CN 201610192453 A CN201610192453 A CN 201610192453A CN 105638538 B CN105638538 B CN 105638538B
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lefteye flounder
nutrition
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CN105638538A (en
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于广宝
李刚
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National Aquatic Product Technology Popularization Terminus
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of lefteye flounder ecology mark method for being used to release statistics, including S1：Dog flounder ovum；S2：During 3 age in days, start to feed the wheel animalcule after fortification；The addition of nutrition fortifier in wheel animalcule：3~11 ages in days, every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 15g nutrition fortifiers；The wheel animalcule 25g of 12 20 age in days 100,000,000 nutrition fortifier；20 ages in days are later 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 15g nutrition fortifiers；S3：During 12 age in days, start to feed the artemia after fortification；Nutrition fortifier includes DHA, EPA, vitamin and amino acid in step S2 and S3；S4：During 15~19 age in days, start to feed mixed feed；Ecology mark type lefteye flounder is obtained, it is used to release lefteye flounder NULL.This method does not increase the death rate, does not influence to grow, and retention time length, is not easy de- mark, technical costs is low, be easy to quantization operation and recapture easily recognizes, and has wide promotion and application prospect.

Description

A kind of lefteye flounder ecology mark method for being used to release statistics
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of appraisal procedure for releasing lefteye flounder, and in particular to a kind of lefteye flounder ecology mark for being used to release statistics Note method.
Background technology
Lefteye flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) be distributed mainly on China's Bohai and Yellow Seas, the East Sea, the South Sea and Korea, Japan Sea.Living environment is mostly close to the unimpeded marine site of littoral depth of water 20-50m trends.It is mostly sand mud, sandstone that it, which inhabites substrate, Or cay area.Lefteye flounder is that rare warm warm nature, bottom are dwelt marine products economic fish, and the coastal important seawater economy of northern China One of fish.
Due to excessive trawl fishing before, the lefteye flounder wild resource in China is caused once to fail seriously, therefore, governments at all levels Pay much attention to, employ a tremendous amount of manpower every year, material resources carry out the activity of lefteye flounder enhancement releasing in different waters.Increased by lefteye flounder these years The development for the activity of releasing is grown, Wild Paralichthys olivaceus stock number has a certain degree of increase.
China attached great importance to the recovery of lefteye flounder germ plasm resource in recent years, 1998 to 2003 Fishery Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture of China and Japan's aquatic products Room, national Fishery technical Center for Popularization (the applicant) and Japanese cultivating fishery association are appointed respectively in national water " Sino-Japan aquatic products multiplication technique collaborative project " that technology popularization station sunshine seawater breeding Demonstration Base is carried out 5 years by a definite date is produced, specially Door is engaged in the seed rearing of lefteye flounder fish and germ plasm resource is resumed work.Under the drive of collaborative project, national coastal state starts The enhancement releasing of lefteye flounder.By taking Shandong Province as an example, scale is smaller is released before 2005, less than 200,000 tails, number was released by 2007 Measure closely annual 10000000 tail.
However, these years, we are only unilateral to have pursued lefteye flounder fry rearing quantity and has released scale, has but despised propagation The later stage released is assessed, i.e., adds how many on earthRelease lefteye flounder survival rate how aboutThe lefteye flounder fry of how many body length is most suitable The answer for being suitable for the problems such as releasing but never to allow people to convince.To find out its cause, it is primarily due to not find suitable lefteye flounder Releasing mark method.Even if carrying out releasing recruitment evaluation, also because selection labeling method many defects, it is difficult to popularization and application, The advantage and disadvantage of different labeling methods are as shown in Table 1 below.
The advantage and disadvantage of different labelling techniques in the enhancement releasing of table 1.
Existing most commonly T-shape labelling method, as seen from the above table, releases that fry individual is too small to be used, also easily makes Into scabies secondary infection, it is also not susceptible to release use on a large scale；Though excision mark can large-scale use, can only be used as cut less short Phase marks, and has cut much and has influenceed to release the motion of fry and predation；" high, the big, on " sides such as molecular labeling, fluorescent staining mark Method, not only somewhat expensive, and be not easy to later stage recapture identification.
It is conscientious total for above problems, present invention applicant whole nation Fishery technical Center for Popularization, inventor Li Gang etc. Tie lefteye flounder fry rearing for many years and enhancement releasing experience.In 2007, it is proposed that the theory of lefteye flounder ecology mark, obtained yellow Bohai Sea Accreditation of the sea area fish-farming operation office about leader, and the research of ecology mark is always worked in subsequent several years, carry out lefteye flounder life State mark releases experiment, it is intended to by carrying out human intervention to the intake nutrition before and after lefteye flounder fry metamorphosis, makes to release lefteye flounder fish Seedling occurs melanin deposition spot in anophthalmia side with this and the pure white formation sharp contrast of Wild Paralichthys olivaceus anophthalmia, reaches the purpose of mark. And this labeling method does not increase the death rate, do not influence to grow, retention time length, be not easy de- mark, technical costs is low, the amount of being easy to Change operation and recapture easily recognizes, there is wide promotion and application prospect.Start within 2012, present applicant respectively with it is more Enterprise of family and owner of a private enterprise's cooperation have carried out the culture experiment of ecology mark lefteye flounder, and test result has obtained Rizhao City ocean and fishing The height affirmative of chief is in charge of in the fishery of industry office.
So-called lefteye flounder ecology mark is exactly to make to release lefteye flounder fry anophthalmia side by human intervention during artificial farming There is melanin deposition spot, pure white with Wild Paralichthys olivaceus anophthalmia side carry out difference and reach mark purpose lefteye flounder enhancement releasing marking with this Method.The applicant, which studies, to be found, lefteye flounder hatch after 3 days, ommochrome is deepened, and the morphosis of vision system formed, in just becoming Photosensitiveness, start actively to ingest.With the further development of the organs of vision, vision is delivered to maincenter by retina by rhodopsin Nervous system, nervous centralis is again by tyrosinase first by oxidizing tyrosine into dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)；The ammonia of dihydroxyphenyl third Acid generation DOPA quinine；DOPA quinine aggregates into melanin in the presence of tyrosinase.
Under normal circumstances before Juvenile Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus metamorphosis, chromoblast is distributed in body both sides, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) Positive cell is uniformly distributed.Abnormal at the beginning, the melanocyte for having a side has many vacuoles, includes tyrosinase, progressively The surface of skin is shifted to, rapid diffusion；Quantity increase after metamorphosis；And the chromoblast of anophthalmia side is then gradually dissolved, quantity subtracts It is few, therefore the lefteye flounder fry formed has a side brown or sepia, anophthalmia side are white because lacking melanocyte.So And the time of some nutrients, the amount of nutrient and intake is found by many experiments, it can reach and suppress its anophthalmia The reduction of side chromoblast, and then the patch of brown or sepia is formed, reach the purpose of ecology mark.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of lefteye flounder ecology mark method for being used to release statistics, solve in the prior art The deficiency mentioned.The purpose of the present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of lefteye flounder ecology mark method for being used to release statistics, the lefteye flounder ecology mark method for being used to release statistics Comprise the following steps：
S1：Add water in the culture pond after disinfecting, at 15 DEG C, dog flounder ovum, its cultivation density is 0.2~2 Ten thousand tails/m3；
S2：During 3 age in days of prelarva, prelarva opening, start to feed the wheel animalcule after fortification, feed to the age in days of prelarva 26~30 Untill；
The addition of nutrition fortifier is in wheel animalcule：The age in days of 3 ages in days~11,13~18g of every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule fortification Agent enriched nutritive；Every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule, the 20~30g of the age in days of 12 age in days -20 nutrition fortifier enriched nutritive；It is 1 after 20 ages in days The dosage of hundred million wheel animalcule 13~18g nutrition fortifiers；
S3：During 12 age in days of prelarva, start to feed the artemia after fortification, feed untill the age in days of prelarva 35~50；
The composition of the nutrition fortifier of fortification is carried out in step S2 and S3 includes DHA, EPA, vitamin and amino acid；
S4：During 15~19 age in days of prelarva, start to feed mixed feed, dosage is the 3~10% of prelarva body weight；
Thus, ecology mark type lefteye flounder is obtained, there is the stable melanin deposition spot of form, feature in the lefteye flounder anophthalmia side, It is used to release lefteye flounder NULL.
Further, the addition of nutrition fortifier is in wheel animalcule：The age in days of 3 ages in days~11, every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 15g battalion Support hardening agent enriched nutritive；The every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 25g of the age in days of 12 age in days -20 nutrition fortifier enriched nutritive；After 20 ages in days again Recover to the dosage of 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 15g nutrition fortifiers.
Further, the addition of nutrition fortifier is in artemia：The age in days of 12 age in days -15, every 100,000,000 artemia 50g battalion Support hardening agent enriched nutritive；It is every 100,000,000 artemia 100g nutrition fortifier enriched nutritive after 15 ages in days, until 35~50 days Age, preferably 40~46 ages in days.
Further, in step S2, the feeding volume of the wheel animalcule after fortification is：The age in days of prelarva 3~4, daily feeds Measure as 0.4~0.6 hundred million/50m3, then by daily 1.2~1.8 hundred million/50m of 5 ages in days3(50m mentioned in the present invention3Refer both to 50m3Culture pond) be gradually increased to 18~1,900,000,000/50m of 21 ages in days or 22 ages in days or 23 ages in days3, hereafter, then by 18~19 Hundred million/50m3It is decremented to 6~700,000,000/50m at the end of feeding3。
Further, the daily 1.5 or 1.6 hundred million/50m of 5~6 ages in days3Culture pond, 7~8 ages in days daily 2.8~3.1 hundred million Individual/50m3, daily 4.8~5.2 hundred million/50m of 9~13 ages in days3, daily 8.0~8.2 hundred million/50m of 14~15 ages in days3, 16~17 Daily 11.8~12.0 hundred million/50m of age in days3, daily 15.0~15.5 hundred million/50m of 18~19 ages in days3, 20~21 ages in days are daily 17.0~17.5 hundred million/50m3, daily 18.0~18.4 hundred million/50m of 22 ages in days3, 23~25 ages in days daily 17.0~17.9 hundred million Individual/50m3, daily 6.5~7.0 hundred million/50m of 26~28 ages in days3。
Further, the daily 1.5 hundred million/50m of 5~6 ages in days3, the daily 3.0 hundred million/50m of 7~8 ages in days3, 9~13 ages in days are every 5.0 or 5.1 hundred million/50m of day3, the daily 8.1 or 8.2 hundred million/50m of 14~15 ages in days3, 16~17 ages in days daily 11.8 or 11.9 or 12.0 hundred million/50m3, the daily 15.2 or 15.3 or 15.4 or 15.5 hundred million/50m of 18~19 ages in days3, 20~21 ages in days daily 17.0 Or 17.1 or 17.2 or 17.3 hundred million/50m3, the daily 18.2 hundred million/50m of 22 ages in days3, the daily 17.9 hundred million/50m of 23 ages in days3, 24 The daily 17.7 hundred million/50m of age in days3, the daily 17.4 hundred million/50m of 25 ages in days3；Daily 6.6~7.0 hundred million/50m of 26~28 ages in days3。
Further, in step S3, the feeding volume of the artemia after fortification is：By 12 ages in days daily 0.7~0.8 hundred million Individual/50m3Culture pond is gradually increased to 2.9~3.1 hundred million/50m of 20~31 ages in days3Culture pond, hereafter, then by 2.9~3.1 hundred million Individual/50m3Culture pond is decremented to 1.3~1.5 hundred million/50m at the end of feeding3Culture pond.
Further, chlorella is fed since the age in days of prelarva 3, feeding volume is：100000000/50m3, feed to 14~16 days Age, hereafter, its feeding volume increase to：300000000/50m3, feed to 26~30 ages in days.
Further, DHA mass percent is in the nutrition fortifier：24~25%, the EPA quality percentage Than being respectively：17~19%, the content of the vitamin is：IU/100g 450~530, the content of the amino acid are：5000 ~6000mg/100g.Preferably, DHA mass percent is respectively in the nutrition fortifier：24.6%, EPA quality hundred Point ratio is：18.05%, the content of vitamin is：IU/100g 460~500, the content of amino acid are：5600~5900mg/ 100g。
Further, vitamin includes VA, VD and VE, and its content is：VA:IU/100g ＜ 100, VD:IU/100g 377, VE：IU/100g ＜ 0.5；The composition of the amino acid includes alanine 750mg/100g；Asparatate 1260mg/100g；It is sweet Propylhomoserin 640mg/100g；Histidine 240mg/100g；Isoleucine 400mg/100g；Leucine 700mg/100g；Lysine 530mg/100g；Phenylalanine 420mg/100g；Proline-4 00mg/100g；Serine 460mg/100g.
Further, in step S5, the dosage of the mixed feed is that prelarva body weight is in inversely prroportional relationship, and 3~5 ages in days are pressed The 8~10% of body weight are fed, and are gradually successively decreased after 5 ages in days, to 30 ages in days after fed by 3~5%, points 2~4 inferior to feeding wheel Fed before worm or artemia；Mixed feed is fed untill the age in days of prelarva 80~100.
Further, the nutrition of the mixed feed includes crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, coarse ash, calcium, total Phosphorus, amino acid and moisture.Its mass fraction is：It is 48~60 parts of crude protein, 15~25 parts of crude fat, 1~4 part of crude fibre, thick 3~12 parts of 10~17 parts of ash content, 1.5~3 parts of calcium, 1.2~2 parts of total phosphorus, 2.2~5 parts of amino acid and moisture.
The invention provides a kind of lefteye flounder ecology mark method for being used to release statistics, it mainly has the advantage that For：
1. the inventive method makes to release lefteye flounder fish by carrying out human intervention to the intake nutrition before and after lefteye flounder fry metamorphosis Seedling occurs melanin deposition spot in anophthalmia side with this and the pure white formation sharp contrast of Wild Paralichthys olivaceus anophthalmia, realizes and lefteye flounder ecology is marked The purpose of note.
2. the labeling method does not increase the death rate not only, do not influence to grow, and also found in test, using the present invention's Its cultivation survival rate of labeling method significantly improves.
3. the labeling method retention time is grown, de- mark is not easy, technical costs is low, be easy to quantization operation and recapture easily recognizes, With wide promotion and application prospect.
4. by the labeling method, the lefteye flounder of mark can be subjected to field and released, realize the recovery of lefteye flounder germ plasm resource, and Later stage assessment can effectively be released.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is described in further detail below according to accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is that nutrition fortifier spirogram is cultivated in the ecology mark nursery described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the broken line of the first group of ecology mark rate and albefaction rate described in the embodiment of the present invention compares figure；
Fig. 3 is that the broken line of the second group of ecology mark rate and albefaction rate described in the embodiment of the present invention compares figure；
Fig. 4 is that the broken line of the 3rd group of ecology mark rate and albefaction rate described in the embodiment of the present invention compares figure；
Fig. 5 is that the broken line of the three groups of ecology mark rates and albefaction rate described in the embodiment of the present invention compares figure.
Embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is Part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.The present invention implementation being generally described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings The component of example can be configured to arrange and design with a variety of.Therefore, the reality of the invention to providing in the accompanying drawings below The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the scope of claimed invention, but is merely representative of the selected implementation of the present invention Example.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, what those of ordinary skill in the art were obtained under the premise of creative work is not made Every other embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Illustrate embodiment by taking specific experiment case as an example below, it will be appreciated that described herein specific real Example is applied only to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of lefteye flounder ecology mark method for being used to release statistics, the lefteye flounder ecology mark method for being used to release statistics Comprise the following steps：
S1：Cement pit is used as culture pond after disinfecting, and adds filter water, and aerating device is provided with the culture pond, and adjustment is filled Charge valve on device of air makes pond face have microwave, and at 15 DEG C, dog flounder ovum, its cultivation density is 0.2~20,000 tails/m3, tool Body its cultivation density can be successively decreased by the growth of lefteye flounder；
S2：During 3 age in days of prelarva, prelarva opening, start to feed the wheel animalcule after fortification, feed to the age in days of prelarva 26~30 Untill, preferably feed to 27 ages in days or 28 ages in days or 29 ages in days；
General prelarva hatches itself can lay in certain fat afterwards, at this moment, can not add extra food, but according to Applicants have found that finally adding a bit and a sup, food will be fed completely when the fat consumption of its own finishes
The addition of nutrition fortifier is in wheel animalcule：The age in days of 3 ages in days~11,13~18g of every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule fortification Agent enriched nutritive；Every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule, the 20~30g of the age in days of 12 age in days -20 nutrition fortifier enriched nutritive；It is 1 after 20 ages in days The dosage of hundred million wheel animalcule 13~18g nutrition fortifiers；Preferably, the addition of nutrition fortifier is in wheel animalcule：3 age in days~11 day Age, every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 15g nutrition fortifier enriched nutritive；The every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 25g of the age in days of 12 age in days -20 nutrition fortifier Enriched nutritive；The dosage of 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 15g nutrition fortifiers is returned to after 20 ages in days again；
S3：During 12 age in days of prelarva, start to feed the artemia after fortification, feed untill the age in days of prelarva 30~50, it is excellent Choosing is fed to 35~50 ages in days, more preferably 40~46 ages in days, for example, can feed to 44 days or 45 days or 46 days；
The addition of nutrition fortifier is in artemia：The age in days of 12 age in days -15, every 100,000,000 artemia are strong with 50g nutrition fortifier Change nutrition；After 15 ages in days it is every 100,000,000 artemia 100g nutrition fortifier enriched nutritive, until terminating to feed artemia；
The composition of the nutrition fortifier of fortification is carried out in step S2 and S3 includes DHA, EPA, vitamin and amino acid；
S4：During 15~19 age in days of prelarva, during preferably 17 age in days, start to feed mixed feed, dosage for prelarva body weight 3~ 10%；
Thus, the ecology mark type lefteye flounder for releasing statistics can be obtained, it is stable that form, feature occurs in the lefteye flounder anophthalmia side Melanin deposition spot.
As further preferred embodiment, in step S2, the feeding volume of the wheel animalcule after fortification is：Prelarva 3~4 Age in days, daily feeding volume are 0.4~0.6 hundred million/50m3, then by daily 1.2~1.8 hundred million/50m of 5 ages in days3It is gradually increased to 18~1,900,000,000/50m of 21 ages in days or 22 ages in days or 23 ages in days3, hereafter, then by 18~1,900,000,000/50m3It is decremented to and feeds end When 6~700,000,000/50m3。
As further preferred embodiment, in step S2, the feeding volume of the wheel animalcule after fortification is：Prelarva 3~4 Age in days, daily feeding volume are 0.5 hundred million/50m3, the daily 1.5 or 1.6 hundred million/50m of 5~6 ages in days3, 7~8 ages in days daily 2.8 ~3.1 hundred million/50m3, daily 4.8~5.2 hundred million/50m of 9~13 ages in days3, daily 8.0~8.2 hundred million/50m of 14~15 ages in days3, Daily 11.8~12.0 hundred million/50m of 16~17 ages in days3, daily 15.0~15.5 hundred million/50m of 18~19 ages in days3, 20~21 ages in days Daily 17.0~17.5 hundred million/50m3, daily 18.0~18.4 hundred million/50m of 22 ages in days3, 23~25 ages in days daily 17.0~17.9 Hundred million/50m3, daily 6.5~7.0 hundred million/50m of 26~28 ages in days3。
As further preferred embodiment, in step S2, the feeding volume of the wheel animalcule after fortification is：5~6 ages in days Daily 1.5 hundred million/50m3, the daily 3.0 hundred million/50m of 7~8 ages in days3, the daily 5.0 or 5.1 hundred million/50m of 9~13 ages in days3, 14~ The daily 8.1 or 8.2 hundred million/50m of 15 ages in days3, the daily 11.8 or 11.9 or 12.0 hundred million/50m of 16~17 ages in days3, 18~19 ages in days Daily 15.2 or 15.3 or 15.4 or 15.5 hundred million/50m3, daily 17.0 or 17.1 or 17.2 or 17.3 hundred million of 20~21 ages in days/ 50m3, the daily 18.2 hundred million/50m of 22 ages in days3, the daily 17.9 hundred million/50m of 23 ages in days3, the daily 17.7 hundred million/50m of 24 ages in days3, The daily 17.4 hundred million/50m of 25 ages in days3；Daily 6.6~7.0 hundred million/50m of 26~28 ages in days3。
It is as further preferred embodiment, step S3, the feeding volume of the artemia after fortification：It is every by 12 ages in days 0.7~0.8 hundred million/50m of day3It is gradually increased to 2.9~3.1 hundred million/50m of 20~31 ages in days3, hereafter, then by 2.9~3.1 hundred million Individual/50m3It is decremented to 1.3~1.5 hundred million/50m at the end of feeding3。
It is as further preferred embodiment, step S3, the feeding volume of the artemia after fortification：12~13 ages in days Daily 0.7 hundred million/50m3, the daily 1.0 hundred million/50m of 14~15 ages in days3, the daily 1.5 or 1.6 hundred million/50m of 16~17 ages in days3, 18 The daily 2.3 hundred million/50m of~19 ages in days3, the daily 2.9 or 3.0 or 3.1 hundred million/50m of 20~31 ages in days3, 32~33 ages in days are daily 2.8 or 2.9 or 3.0 hundred million/50m3, the daily 2.1 or 2.2 hundred million/50m of 34~35 ages in days3, 36~39 ages in days daily 1.4 or 1.5 Hundred million/50m3, the daily 0.8 or 0.9 hundred million/50m of 40~43 ages in days3, hereafter, can be by daily 0.6 or 0.7 hundred million/50m3, until Terminate to feed the artemia after strengthening, such as feed to 44 ages in days or 45 ages in days or 46 ages in days.
As further preferred embodiment, chlorella is fed since the age in days of prelarva 3, feeding volume is：Per 50m3's Culture pond launches 1m3Chlorella, and 1m3Chlorella number be 100,000,000 or so, feed to 14~16 ages in days, preferably feed to 15 ages in days, hereafter, its feeding volume increase to：Per 50m3Culture pond launch 3m3Chlorella, and 1m3Chlorella number be 1 Hundred million or so, then 3m3There are 300,000,000 or so, feed to 26~30 ages in days, preferably feed to 27 ages in days or 28 ages in days or 29 ages in days.
As further preferred embodiment, DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) mass percent in nutrition fortifier Respectively：24~25%, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) mass percent is respectively：17~19%, the content of vitamin is： IU/100g 450~530, the content of amino acid are：5000~6000mg/100g, surplus can be the nutritions such as protein.
As further preferred embodiment, DHA mass percent is in nutrition fortifier：24.6%, EPA matter Measuring percentage is：18.05%, the content of vitamin is：IU/100g 460~500, the content of amino acid are：5400~ 5600mg/100g, surplus can be the nutritions such as protein.
As further preferred embodiment, the vitamin is VA, VD and VE, and its content is：VA:IU/100g ＜ 100, VD:IU/100g 350~390, VE：IU/100g ＜ 0.5, it is highly preferred that VA：90IU/100g, VD：377IU/100g, VE：0.4IU/100g.
As further preferred embodiment, the composition of amino acid include 10 kinds must amino acid, its species and each Kind content be：720~770mg/100g of alanine；1200~1300mg/100g of asparatate；Glycine 620~ 660mg/100g；220~260mg/100g of histidine；380~420mg/100g of isoleucine；670~720mg/ of leucine 100g；510~550mg/100g of lysine；400~430mg/100g of phenylalanine；80~420mg/100g of proline 3；Silk ammonia 440~480mg/100g of acid.It is highly preferred that various contents is：Alanine 750mg/100g；Asparatate 1260mg/ 100g；Glycine 640mg/100g；Histidine 240mg/100g；Isoleucine 400mg/100g；Leucine 700mg/100g；Rely Propylhomoserin 530mg/100g；Phenylalanine 420mg/100g；Proline-4 00mg/100g；Serine 460mg/100g.
As further preferred embodiment, in step S5, the dosage of mixed feed is prelarva body weight in inverse proportion pass System, for example, can be：3~5 ages in days are fed by the 8~10% of prelarva body weight, are then gradually successively decreased, to 30 ages in days later by son The 3~5% of fish body weight are fed, typically, average to be fed by the 5% of prelarva body weight, divide 2-4 inferior to being fed before feeding live bait；Coordinate Feedstuff feeding is preferably fed to the age in days of prelarva 90~95, now, prelarva is about that 7cm grows, body untill the age in days of prelarva 80~100 Color change is extremely obvious and settles out.
As further preferred embodiment, the nutrition of mixed feed includes：Crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, Coarse ash, calcium, total phosphorus, amino acid and moisture.
As further preferred embodiment, the mass percent of various compositions is in mixed feed：Crude protein >=48, Crude fat >=15%, crude fibre≤4%, coarse ash≤17%, calcium >=1.5%, total phosphorus >=1.2%, amino acid >=2.2% and Moisture≤12%.
Preferably, the mass percent of the nutrition of the mixed feed and each nutrition is：Crude protein 48~ 55%th, crude fat 15~22%, crude fibre 1~4%, coarse ash 10~17%, calcium 1.5~3%, total phosphorus 1.2~2%, amino Acid 2.2~5% and moisture 3~12%.It is highly preferred that crude protein 50%, crude fat 16%, crude fibre 3%, coarse ash 14%th, calcium 1.7%, total phosphorus 1.3%, amino acid 2.5% and moisture 10%, surplus can be the compositions such as some protein.
Embodiment 2
A kind of lefteye flounder ecology mark method for being used to release research, this method comprises the following steps, referring to table 2：
S1：By 50m3Cement pit disinfect after be used as culture pond, add filter water, in the culture pond be provided with inflation dress Put, the charge valve adjusted on aerating device makes pond face have microwave, and at 15 DEG C, dog flounder ovum, its density is 1.00~2.00 Ten thousand tails/m3Its cultivation density it can specifically be successively decreased by the growth of lefteye flounder；
S2：During 3 age in days of prelarva, fish-egg all hatches prelarva or prelarva opening, starts to feed chlorella and fortification Wheel animalcule；Chlorella fed untill the 28th day always from the 3rd day, wherein the feeding volume of the 3rd~15 day is 1m3/ day, 1m3Bead Algae number is 100,000,000 or so, and the feeding volume of 16~28 days is 3m3/ day, per 1m3Chlorella number be 100,000,000 or so, then 3m3There are 300,000,000 or so；
Wheel animalcule after fortification, fed from the 3rd day untill the age in days of prelarva 28, daily feeding volume：3~4 ages in days 0.5 Hundred million, then by 1.5 hundred million progressively increase to the 22nd age in days 18.2 hundred million of 5 ages in days, then gradually it is decremented to the 6.6 of 28 ages in days Hundred million, specific daily feeding volume and its change are as shown in table 2；
S3：During 12 age in days of prelarva, start to feed the artemia after fortification, feed untill the age in days of prelarva 46, daily Feeding volume then is gradually decremented to the 0.7 of 46 ages in days by 0.7 hundred million progressively increase to the 30th age in days 3.1 hundred million of the 12nd age in days Hundred million, specific daily feeding volume and its change are as shown in table 2；
S4：During 17 age in days of prelarva, start to feed mixed feed, divide 2-4 live bait is wheel animalcule inferior to being fed before feeding live bait Or artemia；Its specific addition is：Daily feeding volume by the 17th age in days 200g/50m3Progressively increase to the 48th age in days 1320g/50m3, specific daily feeding volume and its change are as shown in table 2.
S5：Through the seed rearing of 48 days, the body colour of lefteye flounder fry all had a change to varying degrees, but due to fry compared with It is small, visually observe unobvious.45 days (i.e. altogether cultivate more than 90 days) is carried out again feeds the intermediate rearing of mixed feed to lefteye flounder fish During long 7cm of seedling body or so, body colour change is extremely obvious and settles out, and the feeding volume of this 45 days mixed feeds is prelarva body weight 3~5%.
The daily of 2 young lefteye flounder of table feeds thing and feeding volume (50m3On the basis of culture pond).
The composition for the nutrition fortifier for being used to carry out fortification in the embodiment includes DHA, EPA, vitamin and amino Acid.DHA mass percent is：24.6%, EPA mass percent is：18.05%, vitamin VA, VD and VE, it contains Measure and be：VA：90IU/100g, VD：377IU/100g, VE：0.4IU/100g.The composition of amino acid necessary amino acid in including 10, Its species and various contents are：Alanine 750mg/100g；Asparatate 1260mg/100g；Glycine 640mg/ 100g；Histidine 240mg/100g；Isoleucine 400mg/100g；Leucine 700mg/100g；Lysine 530mg/100g；Benzene Alanine 420mg/100g；Proline-4 00mg/100g；Serine 460mg/100g.
The nutrition of mixed feed in the embodiment includes：It is crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, coarse ash, calcium, total Phosphorus, amino acid and moisture, its content are：Crude protein 50%, crude fat 16%, crude fibre 3%, coarse ash 14%, calcium 1.7%th, total phosphorus 1.3%, amino acid 2.5% and moisture 10%, surplus can be the compositions such as some protein.
The addition of nutrition fortifier is in wheel animalcule：The age in days of 3 ages in days~11, every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule are strong with 15g nutrition fortifier Change nutrition；The every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 25g of the age in days of 12 age in days -20 nutrition fortifier enriched nutritive；The age in days of 21 age in days -30 returns to 1 again The dosage of hundred million wheel animalcule 15g nutrition fortifiers, referring to Fig. 1.
The addition of nutrition fortifier is in artemia：The age in days of 12 age in days -15, every 100,000,000 artemia are strong with 50g nutrition fortifier Change nutrition；16 ages in days and its be later every 100,000,000 artemia 100g nutrition fortifier enriched nutritive, until 46 days, referring to Fig. 1.
Per 1m in table 23Chlorella number be 100,000,000 or so.
There is the stable melanin deposition spot of form, feature in the anophthalmia side for the lefteye flounder for cultivating to obtain by above method, and it is Ecology mark type lefteye flounder, available for releasing NULL.The ecology mark rate of lefteye flounder is 99.20%.
Embodiment 3
Select 9 15m3Cement pit is used as culture pond after disinfecting, and is divided into three groups, every group of each three pond, added per pond Drainage 8m3, adjusting the charge valve of aerating device makes pond face have microwave, and water temperature is controlled at 15 DEG C, each culture pond dog flounder ovum 100g.Fish-egg all hatches prelarva within 3rd day, optional plus hello wheel animalcule, after the 5th day prelarva opening, carries out fortification.
First group：Strengthened using the wheel animalcule and 100,000,000 artemia 50g hardening agents strengthened through 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 5g hardening agents in 3 ponds Artemia；Mixed feed is the commercially available conventional feed for feeding lefteye flounder；Hardening agent is commercially available conventional hardening agent.
Second group：The artemia that the wheel animalcule strengthened using 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 10g hardening agents and 100,000,000 artemia 80g hardening agents are strengthened；Match somebody with somebody Close feed of the feed for commercially available conventional feeding lefteye flounder.Hardening agent is commercially available conventional hardening agent.
3rd group：3 ponds, strengthened by 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 15g nutrition fortifiers before 12 ages in days, the age in days of 12 age in days -20 is every 100000000 wheel animalcules increase 10g nutrition fortifiers, reach 25g.The age in days of 21 age in days -30 returns to 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 15g nutrition fortifiers again Dosage；Artemia nutrition fortifier dosage is the every 100,000,000 artemia 50g of the age in days of 12 age in days -15, is every 100,000,000 artemia 100g after 16 ages in days, such as Shown in Fig. 1.The amount of the composition of used nutrition fortifier and each composition is consistent with amount with the composition in embodiment 1~3, this In be not repeated to limit.The nutrition of used mixed feed and the amount of each composition with the composition in embodiment 1~2 and Amount is consistent, and restriction is not repeated herein.
Three groups for more than, mixed feed is tamed since the age in days of prelarva 17, dosage (has for the 3~10% of prelarva body weight Body can be found in preceding several embodiments), divide 2~4 inferior to being fed before feeding live bait, live bait is wheel animalcule or artemia, and wheel animalcule feeds The age in days of prelarva 30 stops feeding, and artemia feeds the age in days of prelarva 48 and stops feeding.
Through the seed rearing of 48 days, the body colour of lefteye flounder fry all had change to varying degrees, but because fry is smaller, Visually observe unobvious.45 days (i.e. altogether cultivate more than 90 days) is carried out again feeds the intermediate rearing of mixed feed to lefteye flounder fry body During long 7cm or so, body colour change is extremely obvious and settles out, and the feeding volumes of this 45 days mixed feeds is according to the appetite of lefteye flounder seedling Can gradually it increase.
In order to count ecology mark rate, night, we were with 1 square metre of area when lefteye flounder fry is dispersed in pond Net cage 3 position samples different in pond, count the quantity for having ecology mark fry.With this, Different Nutrition fortified water is calculated Under flat, the ecology mark rate of lefteye flounder fry, as a result as shown in table 3, the ecology mark rate sampled every time and average ecology mark Rate can be found in Fig. 2~5 substantially more than 99%.
The ecology mark of table 3 tests lefteye flounder fry body colour statistical form
Tested by above-mentioned lefteye flounder ecology mark seed rearing, applicants have discovered that behind after lefteye flounder prelarva hatches the 3rd day Period of metamorphosis cultivated by the inventive method, the effect of obvious ecology mark can be obtained.
Embodiment 4
Small-scale test：The applicant is cultivated after obtaining the lefteye flounder with ecology mark type using the inventive method, to 10,000 tails Lefteye flounder is cultivated using conventional method, after 1 year, applicants have discovered that the melanin deposition spot for the lefteye flounder anophthalmia side raised Do not decolourize, and the pure white formation still sharp contrast of Wild Paralichthys olivaceus anophthalmia.
It can thus be concluded that ecology mark method of the invention can be used in releasing NULL.
Embodiment 5
Production practices through the applicant, the ecology mark rate of lefteye flounder fry is mostly more than 99%.But ecology mark Whether the anophthalmia side melanin deposition spot of fry can disappear with lefteye flounder fry growth, breeding environment with the different of feed are fed LoseOr whether normal lefteye flounder fry anophthalmia side can be with breeding environment and the difference for feeding feed, and occur in anophthalmia side Melanin deposition spotOnce in follow-up lefteye flounder growth course, there are all reversals such as above-mentioned ecology mark spot, will Largely effect on the reliability of lefteye flounder ecology mark.In order to verify whether lefteye flounder ecology mark can produce reverse, the applicant enters again The checking test of lefteye flounder ecology mark is gone.
First, test site
1st, national Fishery technical Center for Popularization (i.e. the applicant) sunshine seawater base
The irreversible checking test of lefteye flounder ecology mark under the conditions of the whole industrial aquacultures of this experiment, all stood sunshine at me Seawater breeding Demonstration Base synthesis workshop is carried out.
2nd, cay pond
The irreversible checking test of lefteye flounder ecology mark under the conditions of the natural cay of this experiment is all on the mountain of boss Liu Chengbo Eastern Rongcheng Chengshantou lefteye flounder marketable fish plant is carried out.15 mu of cay pool area used in experiment, 3 meters of mean depth, day often relys on Oceanic tide carries out water quality exchange.
3rd, marine net cage
Marine net cage is selected in Shandong Jiaozhou Bay, and current are unimpeded, and flow velocity is moderate；Sea area Annual Variation of Surface Water Temperature scope is 0.96-25.89℃；PH value annual variation turns to 7.48-8.34；Salinity is 27.86-32.29 ‰；Transparency is 0.50-4.5m；Dissolving Oxygen content is 4.93-9.16mg/L.Net cage is reinforced plate frame structure, and specification 36m × 3.6m × 3.6m, etting is polyethylene knot Save net.
2nd, fish is used in experiment
The ecology mark fry cultivated by the inventive method in base and pure white ground fish seedling.
3rd, experimental design
1st, ecology mark checking test designs under industrial aquaculture environment
The lefteye flounder fry kind cultivated from sunshine seawater base selects the 17-18cm tail (back of ecology mark fry 300 at random Beat green labeled in vitro), the pure white tail of ground fish seedling 180 (red labeled in vitro is beaten at back).Separately prepare 3 tons of FRP tanks 6,5 tons FRP tanks 6.Wherein each 3 tons of FRP tanks launch the tail of ecology mark lefteye flounder fry 20, the pure white tail of bottom lefteye flounder fry 10；Each 5 tons of FRP tanks launch the tail of ecology mark lefteye flounder fry 30, the pure white tail of bottom lefteye flounder fry 20.
The cultivating workshop ecology mark lefteye flounder proving test of table 4 designs
2nd, ecology mark checking test designs under natural cay pool environment
To be generalized to the ecology mark lefteye flounder fry cultivated in the pool cultivated base of natural cay as sample, nature sandstone are simulated Matter bottom culture environment, the wild fishes for feeding Sea Near purchase carry out checking test.3rd, ecology mark under marine net cage environment Proving test design
The ecology mark lefteye flounder fry that base to be generalized to marine cage culture is cultivated is sample, checking true nature sea Under area's breeding environment, the change of the wild fishes lefteye flounder fish body color of Sea Near purchase is fed.
4th, test result is checked and accepted
1st, ecology mark checking test under industrial aquaculture environment
Under industrial aquaculture environment, through the culture experiment of nearly 1 year, 300 tail ecology mark fries were grown by original body 17cm or so, body weight 50-75g, present more than 30cm, body weight 350-400g are grown to.Pure white bottom lefteye flounder is grown by original body 17cm, body weight 50-75g, long the body long 27cm, body weight 300-350g of being averaged till now.Existing lefteye flounder fish either feeds manually Mixed feed group or fresh food group, it is that the cultivation of light bottom of pond or sand basin bottom, the ecology mark of ecology mark lefteye flounder fry are equal Do not take off, and the anophthalmia side of pure white bottom lefteye flounder does not occur melanin deposition spot yet.
2nd, ecology mark checking test under natural cay pond and marine net cage environment
By the cultivation of 6,7 months, the ecology mark lefteye flounder fry growing way under natural cay pond and marine net cage environment was good Get well, by the original long 15cm of body, body weight 50g or so has grown 750-1500g till now.Checked by our scenes, find life State mark lefteye flounder not because cay pond is husky bottom and fading, do not have because of the marine cage culture in pure natural sea situation yet and Disappear.Pure white bottom lefteye flounder when putting in a suitable place to breed does not also occur blackspot when we check.
5th, conclusion
It is particularly nearest 1 year by the irreversible checking test of lefteye flounder ecology mark of front and rear nearly 2 years.Applicants have discovered that Whether in industrial aquaculture, or cay pond or marine cage culture, ecology mark is all without with the breeding environment in later stage Change with feed and take off.And pure white bottom lefteye flounder also will not reappear color because of the change of later stage breeding environment and feed Element deposition spot.In addition, industrial aquaculture experiment during, the applicant it has also been found that ecology mark lefteye flounder group lefteye flounder cultivation into Motility rate is apparently higher than pure white bottom lefteye flounder cultivation group.Cay is pool cultivated and the boss of marine cage culture through seeking advice from, and they also have deeply The same feeling, and think ecology mark lefteye flounder not only cultivation survival rate is high, and the tolerance also more pure white bottom lefteye flounder in transportation By force, the congested rubescent probability in anophthalmia side is smaller.
Finally it should be noted that：Above-described embodiments are merely to illustrate the technical scheme, rather than to it Limitation；Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that： It can still modify to the technical scheme described in previous embodiment, or which part or all technical characteristic are entered Row equivalent substitution；And these modifications or substitutions, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technical side The scope of case.

Claims (9)

  1. A kind of 1. lefteye flounder ecology mark method for being used to release statistics, it is characterised in that：The lefteye flounder life for being used to release statistics State labeling method comprises the following steps：
    S1：In the culture pond after disinfecting plus water, at 15 DEG C, dog flounder ovum, its cultivation density be 0.2~20,000 tails/ m3；
    S2：During 3 age in days, prelarva opening, start to feed the wheel animalcule after fortification, feed untill the age in days of prelarva 26~30；
    The addition of nutrition fortifier is in wheel animalcule after fortification：The age in days of 3 ages in days~11, every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule is with 13~18g's Nutrition fortifier enriched nutritive；Every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule, the 20~30g of the age in days of 12 age in days -20 nutrition fortifier enriched nutritive；20 ages in days It is the dosage of 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 13~18g nutrition fortifiers later；
    S3：During 12 age in days of prelarva, start to feed the artemia after fortification, feed untill the age in days of prelarva 35~50；
    The composition of the nutrition fortifier of fortification is carried out in step S2 and S3 includes DHA, EPA, vitamin and amino acid, described Vitamin includes VA, VD and VE, the amino acid include 10 kinds must amino acid, its species is alanine, asparatate, sweet Propylhomoserin, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline and serine；
    S4：During 15~19 age in days of prelarva, start to feed mixed feed, dosage is the 3~10% of prelarva body weight；
    Thus, ecology mark type lefteye flounder is obtained, the stable melanin deposition spot of form, feature occurs in the lefteye flounder anophthalmia side, and it is used In releasing lefteye flounder NULL.
  2. 2. the lefteye flounder ecology mark method according to claim 1 for being used to release statistics, it is characterised in that：In step S2, The addition of nutrition fortifier is in wheel animalcule after the fortification：The age in days of 3 ages in days~11, every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 15g nutrition Hardening agent enriched nutritive；The every 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 25g of the age in days of 12 age in days -20 nutrition fortifier enriched nutritive；It is again extensive after 20 ages in days The multiple dosage to 100,000,000 wheel animalcule 15g nutrition fortifiers.
  3. 3. the lefteye flounder ecology mark method according to claim 2 for being used to release statistics, it is characterised in that：In step S2, The feeding volume of wheel animalcule after fortification is：The age in days of prelarva 3~4, daily feeding volume are 0.4~0.6 hundred million/50m3, then by 5 Daily 1.2~1.8 hundred million/50m of age in days3It is gradually increased to 18~1,900,000,000/50m of 21 ages in days or 22 ages in days or 23 ages in days3, this Afterwards, then by 18~1,900,000,000/50m3It is decremented to 6~700,000,000/50m at the end of feeding3。
  4. 4. the lefteye flounder ecology mark method according to claim 3 for being used to release statistics, it is characterised in that：In step S3, The addition of nutrition fortifier is in artemia after the fortification：The age in days of 12 age in days -15, every 100,000,000 artemia 50g nutrition Hardening agent enriched nutritive；It is every 100,000,000 artemia 100g nutrition fortifier enriched nutritive after 15 ages in days, until 35~50 ages in days Untill.
  5. 5. the lefteye flounder ecology mark method according to claim 4 for being used to release statistics, it is characterised in that：In step S3, The feeding volume of artemia after fortification is：By daily 0.7~0.8 hundred million/50m of 12 ages in days3It is gradually increased to 20~31 ages in days 2.9~3.1 hundred million/50m3, hereafter, then by 2.9~3.1 hundred million/50m3Be decremented to 1.3~1.5 hundred million at the end of feeding/ 50m3。
  6. 6. the lefteye flounder ecology mark method according to claim 1 for being used to release statistics, it is characterised in that：The nutrition is strong DHA mass percent is in agent：24~25%, the mass percent of the EPA is：17~19%, the vitamin Content is：IU/100g 450~530, the content of the amino acid are：5000~6000mg/100g.
  7. 7. the lefteye flounder ecology mark method according to claim 6 for being used to release statistics, it is characterised in that：The vitamin In the contents of various compositions be：VA:IU/100g ＜ 100, VD:IU/100g 377, VE：IU/100g ＜ 0.5；The amino acid In 10 kinds must the content of amino acid be：720~770mg/100g of alanine；1200~1300mg/100g of asparatate；It is sweet 620~660mg/100g of propylhomoserin；220~260mg/100g of histidine；380~420mg/100g of isoleucine；Leucine 670~ 720mg/100g；510~550mg/100g of lysine；400~430mg/100g of phenylalanine；80~420mg/ of proline 3 100g；440~480mg/100g of serine.
  8. 8. the lefteye flounder ecology mark method according to claim 7 for being used to release statistics, it is characterised in that：It is described to coordinate feeding The mass fraction of the nutrition of material and each nutrition is：48~60 parts of crude protein, 15~25 parts of crude fat, crude fibre 1 3~12 parts of~4 parts, 10~17 parts of coarse ash, 1.5~3 parts of calcium, 1.2~2 parts of total phosphorus, 2.2~5 parts of amino acid and moisture.
  9. 9. the lefteye flounder ecology mark method according to claim 8 for being used to release statistics, it is characterised in that：From prelarva 3 days Age starts to feed chlorella, and feeding volume is：100000000/50m3, feed to 14~16 ages in days, hereafter, its feeding volume increases to：300000000 Individual/50m3, feed to 26~30 ages in days.
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