CN105567803B - 一种检测器官移植患者真菌感染的试剂盒 - Google Patents
一种检测器官移植患者真菌感染的试剂盒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于疾病早期诊断技术领域,具体公开了一种检测器官移植患者真菌感染的试剂盒。通过该试剂盒分别检测待测患者外周血血浆的内参基因U6和miR‑215‑5p的Cq值,U6和miR‑215‑5p的Cq值至少测定3次,取平均值后按照下列公式和方法判断结果:△CT值=AVERAGE(miR‑215‑5p Cq值)-AVERAGE(U6 Cq值);△CT值小于或等于‑2时,考虑患者存在真菌感染,结果为阳性;△CT值大于‑2时,考虑患者不存在真菌感染,结果为阴性。本发明的检测指标表达稳定,需要样本量(1~1.5ml)较少,因此,其适应性更好,对于器官移植术后真菌感染的早期诊断价值更高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及疾病早期诊断技术领域,具体地,涉及一种检测器官移植患者真菌感染的试剂盒。
背景技术
据中山大学附属第一医院器官移植中心回顾性临床研究发现,器官移植术后真菌感染率为13.5%(120/886),其真菌感染病死率达到70.8%;感染菌种以白色念珠菌感染为主(67.5%),部位以肺部为主(73.3%)。结合国内外相关报道,我们发现,器官移植受者真菌感染的发病率高达20%~40%,而且其所导致的侵袭性感染相对一般细菌、病毒感染具有更高的病死率,严重危及患者性命。虽然目前感染的主要病原真菌仍然是念珠菌,但曲霉菌、接合菌及新生隐球菌等也在不断增加。真菌感染谱的改变,也不断增加了临床诊断的难度与压力。
真菌感染的早期诊断和治疗,对于改善患者预后,提高患者生存率十分重要。目前可用于临床诊断真菌感染的实验室方法有以下几种:
1、抗原学检测:包括检测半乳甘露聚糖(Gm试验)、真菌葡聚糖(G试验)及深部真菌抗原。Gm试验检测的是菌丝生长时,从薄弱的菌丝顶端释放出来的半乳甘露聚糖,是最早释放的抗原,主要适于侵袭性曲霉菌感染的早期诊断。Gm释放量与菌量成正比,可以反映感染程度。但以下情况可出现假阳性:(1)使用半合成青霉素,如哌拉西林/他唑巴坦;(2)新生儿和儿童;(3)血液透析;(4)自身免疫性肝炎等;(5)食用可能含有Gm的高蛋白食物和污染的大米等。但其表达情况受机体免疫力影响较大,在器官移植患者中的敏感度仅为22%。G试验检测的是真菌胞壁成分—(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖。人类吞噬细胞吞噬真菌后, 能持续释放该物质,使体液中含量增高(浅部真菌感染无类似现象)。适用于除隐球菌和接合菌(包括毛霉菌、根霉菌等)外所有深部真菌感染的早期诊断,尤其是念珠菌和曲霉菌,但不能确定菌种。以下情况可出现假阳性:(1)使用纤维素膜进行血透;(2)静脉输注免疫球蛋白、白蛋白、凝血因子或血液制品;(3)链球菌血症;(4)使用半合成青霉素,如哌拉西林/他唑巴坦;(5)标本或患者暴露于纱布或其他含有葡聚糖的材料;(6)食用菌类,如蘑菇等。深部真菌抗原要检测白色念珠菌、曲霉菌、新型隐球菌抗原。主要通过乳胶凝集法和ELISA法检测外周血、灌洗液、引流液中的三种抗原成分,从而判断感染的菌种及感染情况。其表达量的多少与菌种数量正相关,对于监测病情变化及治疗效果有积极意义。但有报道指出系统性红斑狼疮、结节病、类风湿因子、巨球蛋白、结核感染等均可引起假阳性结果,考虑可能与其血清中存在交叉抗原有关。而在感染早期,尤其是感染菌量较少、感染部位较局限时,其早期诊断意义受限。此外,该检测对于其他种属的真菌感染诊断价值不大。
2、真菌培养及镜检:即通过采集血液、引流液、痰液、组织等接种于沙保罗琼脂培养基或其他特殊培养基培养,通过观察病原菌生长情况,从而明确所感染的致病菌种类,同时还可进行药敏试验,为临床合理用药提供指导。但该方法敏感性和特异性均较差,常无法区分是感染还是定植,在使用抗真菌药物之后,其检出阳性率将进一步降低。而且真菌培养周期较长,常需要3-7天,不能为临床早期诊断提供依据。样本经直接镜检发现菌丝、孢子、包囊、滋养体或囊内小体等,可为诊断真菌感染提供依据。该方法具有快速、简便的特点,且可以根据特征性形态区分念珠菌、隐球菌、结合菌等,但直接镜检的检出率很低,取材受限,尤其是对于深部真菌,因而容易导致漏诊。而且有时候难以区分是定植菌还是感染菌,因此,直接镜检法对真菌病的诊断作用有限。
3、分子生物学检测:分子生物学检测是指主要以聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术为基础的一系列分子诊断方法,是目前真菌感染诊断中最活跃的领域。近年来发展迅速,主要包括分子探针、聚合酶链反应单链构象多态性分析(PCR-SSCP)、随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)、限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)、实时荧光定量PCR(rea1-time PCR)技术、巢式PCR等。该检测手段主要针对特定菌种的特异性基因片段或者真菌界保守序列进行扩增检测,具有敏感性高, 特异性强,简便快速等优点,但上述不同的技术手段,其需要的设备条件、操作技术等不完全一致,而且特异性也因其样本纯度、引物设计等而异,因此,不同实验室之间的检验准确性、最低限值等相差较大。各种因素造成假阳性、假阴性使其应用价值受到了一定的限制,目前主体尚停留于实验室阶段。
4、其他诊断方法:组织病理学是深部真菌感染重要的诊断方法之一,除传统的染色方法外,免疫组化方法可通过检测真菌抗原特异地诊断组织中真菌病原体,还可使组织中稀少存在的孢子更易发现,因而免疫组化技术比组织化学方法更加敏感。免疫组化是继培养法这一金标准之后特异诊断真菌感染的手段之一。但免疫组化法并未完全解决种属特异性问题,同时,该技术需要通过有创手段获取组织,限制了其普及应用及早期诊断价值。
随着质谱分析技术的不断进展,血清真菌代谢产物检测也得到迅速发展。真菌代谢产物主要包括D-阿拉伯醇、L-阿拉伯醇和甘露聚醇。采用酶荧光法检测血、尿标本D-阿拉伯糖醇/肌酐比值或GC-MS法检测血、尿标本D-阿拉伯糖醇/L-阿拉伯糖醇比值,可快速预测系统性念珠菌感染。另有研究中心使用质谱分析,根据特异真菌代谢产物快速地鉴定40多个不同真菌菌株。但由于检测费用昂贵,质谱分析目前并不能在临床实验室广泛应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术的上述不足,提供一种检测器官移植患者真菌感染标志物。
本发明的另一个目的是,提供一种检测器官移植患者真菌感染的试剂盒。本发明专利由国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助。
为了实现上述目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的:
器官移植术后患者长期服用免疫抑制剂,机体对于真菌感染的抵抗力薄弱,疾病进展迅速,而其早期诊断更加困难。在缺乏足够诊断依据的情况下,加用抗真菌药物不仅增加了患者的治疗成本和经济负担,也增加了不良反应的发生风险。因此,本发明通过建立特定真菌感染的移植术后动物模型,将其感染早期的外周血标本保存,运用基因芯片方法筛选其差异表达的小RNA(miRNA),最后在临床感染患者外周血标本中进行确证,从而发现miR-215-5p可以用于早期诊断器官移植患者是否感染真菌。
因此,本发发明要求保护miR-215-5p在制备检测器官移植患者真菌感染试剂盒中的应用,miR-215-5p的基因序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
miR-215-5p在作为检测器官移植患者真菌感染标志物中的应用。
一种检测器官移植患者真菌感染的试剂盒,通过该试剂盒分别检测待测患者外周血血浆的U6和miR-215-5p的Cq值,U6和miR-215-5p的Cq值至少测定3次,取平均值后按照下列公式和方法判断结果:
△CT值=AVERAGE(miR-215-5p的Cq值)-AVERAGE(U6的Cq值)
结果判断:△CT值小于或等于-2时,考虑患者存在真菌感染,结果为阳性;△CT值大于-2时,考虑患者不存在真菌感染,结果为阴性。
优选地,通过Q-PCR检测U6的Cq值,Q-PCR检测时的引物序列如SEQ ID NO:2~3所示。
优选地,通过Q-PCR检测miR-215-5p的Cq值,Q-PCR检测时的引物序列如SEQ IDNO:4~5所示。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明通过检测机体对于真菌感染而反应性产生的miRNA表达量,从而明确机体的感染状况。而且本发明选定的检测指标的表达情况不受机体免疫抑制状态影响。而传统的分子生物学检测手段主要针对的是病原体本身特定DNA片段,而非机体反应性的产物。在感染较局限,病原体及其产物未扩散入血的情况下,针对病原体本身特定DNA片段的检测手段敏感性将会受限,相应指标的表达变化较本发明指标的变化出现得晚。同时,该检测指标表达较稳定,需要样本量(1~1.5ml)较少,因此,其适应性更好,对于器官移植术后患者的真菌感染的早期诊断价值更高。早期诊断带来的直接影响即为早期治疗。尽早、合理地开展抗感染治疗,对于处于免疫抑制状态的器官移植术后患者非常重要,不仅可以缩短病程,节约治疗费用,还可以提高患者生存率,改善其预后及生活质量。
附图说明
图1为器官移植术后患者血浆miR-215-5p的△CT值。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明作出进一步地详细阐述,所述实施例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。下述实施例中所使用的试验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,为可从商业途径得到的试剂和材料。
实施例1
一种检测器官移植患者真菌感染的试剂盒,该试剂盒以U6和miR-215-5p为检测指标,试剂盒具体包括两对检测引物、qPCR检测用试剂、1份使用说明书。
两对检测引用的序列如下:
U6 Primer-F序列:5’- ATTGGAACGATACAGAGAAGATT -3’
U6 Primer-R序列:5’-GCTGTCAACGATACGCTACCT-3’
miR-215-5p -F序列:5’- ATGACCTATGAATTGACAGAC-3’
miR-215-5p-R序列:5’-GCTGTCAACGATACGCTACCT-3’
该试剂盒的判断方法为:分别检测待测患者外周血血浆的U6和miR-215-5p的Cq值,U6和miR-215-5p的Cq值至少测定3次,取平均值后按照下列公式和方法判断结果:
△CT值=AVERAGE(miR-215-5p的Cq值)-AVERAGE(U6的Cq值)
结果判断:△CT值小于或等于-2时,考虑患者存在真菌感染,结果为阳性;△CT值大于-2时,考虑患者不存在真菌感染,结果为阴性。
上述试剂盒的使用步骤如下:
用EDTA管收集待检测患者外周血1~1.5mL,于4℃以450g离心(加速4,减速7)5min,用吸液枪吸取250µL上层血浆到新的1.5mL的EP管中;采用本领域常规的方法提取血浆中的总RNA。然后使用紫外分光光度计检测RNA浓度和纯度。
将浓度和纯度较好的RNA样本进行反转录及Q-PCR扩增。反转录过程参照All-in-One™ miRNA First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit(Genecopoeia公司)反转录试剂盒说明书进行操作,将总RNA中的miRNAs反转录为cDNA。
利用Power SYBR PCR Master Mix(4367659,Genecopoeia)等试剂完成U6及miR-215-5p表达情况的检测(Q-PCR检测U6的Cq值时使用的引物如SEQ ID NO:2~3所示;Q-PCR检测miR-215-5p的Cq值时使用的引物如SEQ ID NO:4~5所示)。Q-PCR反应体系见表1,反应条件:95℃预变性5min,以95℃变性30sec、60℃退火30sec、60℃延伸30sec反应50个循环,结束前72℃延伸10min。
表1 Q-PCR反应体系
*的意思为cDNA按10倍稀释后再使用。
数据分析及判断:每位患者的样品通过技术复孔检测U6及miR-215-5p各三次,2700 PCR system(Applied Biosystem公司)将计算出每次检测的Cq值,将miR-215-5p的三次检测Cq值的平均值,减去U6三次检测Cq值的平均值,可计算出其△CT值。
公式:△CT值=AVERAGE(miR-215-5p Cq值)-AVERAGE(U6 Cq值)
结果判断:△CT值小于或等于-2时,考虑患者存在真菌感染,结果为阳性;△CT值大于-2时,考虑患者不存在真菌感染,结果为阴性。
实施例2
以实施例1的试剂盒检测了71例器官移植术后真菌感染患者外周血血浆中的miR-215-5p的△CT值情况,其中包括38例肝移植术后患者,25例肾移植术后患者,5例胰肾联合移植术后患者及3例多器官移植术后患者。同时,我们还检测了58位器官移植术后正常受试者外周血血浆中的miR-215-5p的△CT值情况作为对照,其中包括34位肝移植术后患者,23位肾移植术后患者及1位胰肾联合移植术后患者。结果见图1和表2。
表2
该临床检测中,采用的金标准为真菌培养。通过表2可知,该检测方法的真阳性率为80.28%,真阴性率为94.82%,假阳性率为5.18%,假阴性率为19.72%。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 中山大学附属第一医院
<120> 一种检测器官移植患者真菌感染的试剂盒
<130>
<160> 5
<170> PatentIn version 3.3
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<213> miR-215-5p的基因序列
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<213> U6 Primer-F
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<213> U6 Primer-R
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<212> DNA
<213> miR-215-5p -F
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<213> miR-215-5p-R
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Claims (1)
1.miR-215-5p在制备检测器官移植患者真菌感染试剂盒中的应用。
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