CN105557260A - Planting method for improving yield and quality of continuously cropped red-rooted salvia - Google Patents
Planting method for improving yield and quality of continuously cropped red-rooted salvia Download PDFInfo
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- CN105557260A CN105557260A CN201510953965.7A CN201510953965A CN105557260A CN 105557260 A CN105557260 A CN 105557260A CN 201510953965 A CN201510953965 A CN 201510953965A CN 105557260 A CN105557260 A CN 105557260A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method for improving yield and quality of continuously croppedred-rooted salvia. The planting method comprises the following steps: land selection, soil preparation, seedling transplantation, field management, harvesting and soil preparation after harvesting, wherein the field management specifically comprises intertillage and earthing up, topdressing, watering and later growth stage management, the later growth stage management refers to: in the period from the end of September to the middle of October, ditching is performed between lines for application of special fertilizer every five days, the special fertilizer comprises 20 parts of wheat seeds, 50 parts of humus soil and 50 parts of sandy soil, and 400kg of potassium hydroxide and 1600kg of clear liquid dung are applied per mu; the soil preparation after harvesting specifically refers to: the overgroud part of red-rooted salvia is cleared, then plowing is directly performed to directly turn wheat seedlings which already emerge into underground, the plowing depth is 40-60cm, and finally land is rolled by a stone roller and kept to be rolled till the winter is over. The method has the advantages of simple steps, easiness and convenience in operation, implementation of continuous planting of the red-rooted salvia on the same land, and improvements in the yield and the quality of the continuously cropped red-rooted salvia.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine cultivation field, relate more specifically to a kind of implantation methods improving continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality.
Background technology
Salviamiltiorrhizabung (also known as blood ginseng, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE etc.) is the dry root and rhizome of the herbaceos perennial red sage root (Salviamilti-orrhizaBge.) that Lamiaceae Salvia belongs to.The red sage root has effect of stasis-dispelling and pain-killing, activating blood to promote menstruation, the relieving restlessness that clears away heart-fire.Modern medicine study shows, the red sage root has fabulous curative effect to diseases such as coronary heart disease, high fat of blood, hypertension, miocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, vasculitiss.Tanshinone IIA and tanshin polyphenolic acid B are the principle active component of the red sage root, and content is higher and have significant pharmacologically active, and by pharmacopeia as one of leading indicator evaluating red rooted salvia and the quality of the pharmaceutical preparations thereof.
In the red sage root cultivation method of current routine, same plot can not plant 2 years reds sage root continuously, so the cultivated area of the red sage root reduces year by year.And the disease of the continuous cropping red sage root is serious, especially the generation of tip of a root nematodosis is especially serious, and affect the yield and quality of the red sage root, tanshinone IIA and content of danshinolic acid B reduce greatly.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods improving continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality, it comprise selection of land, whole, seedling raising and transplanting, field management, gather and gather after wholely; Wherein, described field management specifically comprises: cultivation and banking, topdress, water and Later growth management, described Later growth management specifically finger: with by the end of September-mid-October during, special fertilizer is used with ditching in the ranks in interval 5 days, and described special fertilizer comprises: wheat seed 20 parts, humus soil 50 parts and sandy soil 50 parts; Execute potassium hydroxide 400kg, clear liquid dung 1600kg for every mu simultaneously;
Described gather after whole ground specifically refer to: remove clean by red sage root acrial part, directly plough afterwards, the wheat seedling of having emerged directly is ploughed under underground, the degree of depth of ploughing is 40-60cm, finally presses ground, and use stone roller rolls after soil is retained to and passes the winter.
Preferably, described selection of land comprises: selection preceding crop is not the plot of the red sage root, and described plot soil property is neutral loam, and soil layer is deep, and draining is good.
Preferably, described seedling raising and transplanting specifically comprises:
Step one, collect seed, in the last ten-days period in June salvia seeds maturation gather in time afterwards, after gathering normal temperature preserve 15-20 days, dress seed according to fine sand soil and ash afterwards;
Step 2, seeding and seedling raising, applies the dung polluted water that becomes thoroughly decomposed as base fertilizer nursery Tanaka according to the amount of 200kg/hm2, after planting earthing 0.5cm, and evenly spray and water nursery water, and set up shade net on nursery field, the height of shade net is 60-80cm;
Step 3, transplant, red sage root seedling passes the winter safely nursery Tanaka, Second Year mid-April, transplants land for growing field crops during height of seedling 10-15cm.
Preferably, describedly to comprise: deep plough after the beginning of spring, topsoil is not less than 60cm deeply, applies base fertilizer after deep ploughing, and described every mu, base fertilizer is used: become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 3000kg, cake fertilizer 600kg, carbonic acid ammonium dihydrogen 50kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30kg wholely.
Preferably, topdress described in and specifically refer to: after transplanting, every mu is watered with people and animals' fecaluria 400kg bath of becoming thoroughly decomposed; In late April to mid-May, execute become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 500kg, cake fertilizer 50kg for every mu; After cutting old bar 6, between July, executed long root manure, executed the muck 3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 20kg, potassium chloride 10kg for every mu; Fertilizing method ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, executes rear earthing lid fertile.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described raising continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality is also included in bolting and is plucked by flower a kind of sedge in time squaring period; When inflorescence just extracts 1-2cm out, remove in time; Start from mid-April, plucked 1 time every 10 days, the sun is extractd before rising in the morning.
Preferably, described cultivation and banking comprises: three intertillages and ridging; The time of described intertillage is respectively: height of seedling 8cm; June and 7-8 month; Described ridging can be carried out when combining intertillage, and heat and moisture preserving, makes to be convenient to draining in the ranks and between strain.
Preferably, water described in and comprise: spray seedling stage; Carry out pouring water night in 7-8 month, draining on daytime, ensures red sage root water requirement, avoids ponding simultaneously.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described raising continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality also comprises disease control: root rot their early stage 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1000 times of liquid or 50% enemy can drench filling root by loose 500-800 times of liquid, every 10-15 days 1 time, continuous 2-3 time; Red sage root Root-knot broadcasts sowing quicklime between ridge, then waters immediately.
The implantation methods of raising continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality of the present invention, adopt in the Salvia miltiorrhiza Growth later stage, especially during late September to early October, the special fertilizer including wheat seed is used between the ridge of the plantation red sage root, emerging and growing along with wheat, the growth of wheat root can greatly reduce the occurrence probability of red sage root Root-knot in soil; For red sage root continuous cropping provides basis; Meanwhile, after the red sage root is gathered, wheat complete stool is directly ploughed under underground as base fertilizer, not only can improve Soil Humus content, the content of pathogen in soil can be reduced simultaneously; The implantation methods step of raising continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality of the present invention is simple, and easy and simple to handle, it can realize same plot and plant the red sage root continuously, improves the yield and quality of the continuous cropping red sage root simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification word to make those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1,
Improve an implantation methods for continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality, it comprise selection of land, whole, seedling raising and transplanting, field management, gather and gather after wholely; Concrete steps comprise:
(1) selection of land: selection preceding crop is not the plot of the red sage root, and described plot soil property is neutral loam, and soil layer is deep, and draining is good.
(2) wholely: deep plough after the beginning of spring, topsoil is not less than 60cm deeply, applies base fertilizer after deep ploughing, and described every mu, base fertilizer is used: become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 3000kg, cake fertilizer 600kg, carbonic acid ammonium dihydrogen 50kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30kg.Afterwards, field is carried out ridging, ridge height 20cm; Row spacing 30cm; Distance between the ridges 40cm.
(3) seedling raising and transplanting specifically comprises:
Step one, collect seed, in the last ten-days period in June salvia seeds maturation gather in time afterwards, after gathering normal temperature preserve 15-20 days, dress seed according to fine sand soil and ash afterwards;
Step 2, seeding and seedling raising, nursery Tanaka according to 200kg/hm
2amount apply the dung polluted water that becomes thoroughly decomposed as base fertilizer, after planting earthing 0.5cm, evenly spray and water nursery water, and set up shade net on nursery field, the height of shade net is 60-80cm;
Step 3, transplant, red sage root seedling passes the winter safely nursery Tanaka, Second Year mid-April, transplants land for growing field crops during height of seedling 10-15cm.
(4) field management specifically comprises: cultivation and banking, topdress, water and Later growth management, described Later growth management specifically finger: with by the end of September-mid-October during, special fertilizer is used with ditching in the ranks in interval 5 days, and described special fertilizer comprises: wheat seed 20 parts, humus soil 50 parts and sandy soil 50 parts; Execute potassium hydroxide 400kg, clear liquid dung 1600kg for every mu simultaneously;
Topdress and specifically refer to: after transplanting, every mu is watered with people and animals' fecaluria 400kg bath of becoming thoroughly decomposed; In late April to mid-May, execute become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 500kg, cake fertilizer 50kg for every mu; After cutting old bar 6, between July, executed long root manure, executed the muck 3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 20kg, potassium chloride 10kg for every mu; Fertilizing method ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, executes rear earthing lid fertile.
Cultivation and banking comprises: three intertillages and ridging; The time of described intertillage is respectively: height of seedling 8cm; June and 7-8 month; Described ridging can be carried out when combining intertillage, and heat and moisture preserving, makes to be convenient to draining in the ranks and between strain.
Water and comprise: spray seedling stage; Carry out pouring water night in 7-8 month, draining on daytime, ensures red sage root water requirement, avoids ponding simultaneously.
(5) in time flower a kind of sedge is plucked squaring period in bolting; When inflorescence just extracts 1cm out, remove in time; Start from mid-April, plucked 1 time every 10 days, the sun is extractd before rising in the morning.
(7) disease control: root rot their early stage can drench filling root by loose 500-800 times of liquid with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid or 50% enemy, every 15 days 1 time, continuous 2-3 time; Red sage root Root-knot broadcasts sowing quicklime between ridge, then waters immediately.
(8) after gathering, whole ground specifically refers to: remove clean by red sage root acrial part, directly plough afterwards, the wheat seedling of having emerged directly is ploughed under underground, the degree of depth of ploughing is 40cm, finally presses ground, and use stone roller rolls after soil is retained to and passes the winter.
(9), after Second Year beginning of spring, above-mentioned steps is adopted to carry out the plantation red sage root.Measure the content of its tanshinone IIA and tanshin polyphenolic acid B.
Embodiment 2
Improve an implantation methods for continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality, it comprise selection of land, whole, seedling raising and transplanting, field management, gather and gather after wholely; Concrete steps comprise:
(1) selection of land: selection preceding crop is not the plot of the red sage root, and described plot soil property is neutral loam, and soil layer is deep, and draining is good.
(2) wholely: deep plough after the beginning of spring, topsoil is not less than 60cm deeply, applies base fertilizer after deep ploughing, and described every mu, base fertilizer is used: become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 3000kg, cake fertilizer 600kg, carbonic acid ammonium dihydrogen 50kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30kg.Afterwards, field is carried out ridging, ridge height 20cm; Row spacing 30cm; Distance between the ridges 40cm.
(3) seedling raising and transplanting specifically comprises:
Step one, collect seed, in the last ten-days period in June salvia seeds maturation gather in time afterwards, after gathering normal temperature preserve 15-20 days, dress seed according to fine sand soil and ash afterwards;
Step 2, seeding and seedling raising, nursery Tanaka according to 200kg/hm
2amount apply the dung polluted water that becomes thoroughly decomposed as base fertilizer, after planting earthing 0.5cm, evenly spray and water nursery water, and set up shade net on nursery field, the height of shade net is 60-80cm;
Step 3, transplant, red sage root seedling passes the winter safely nursery Tanaka, Second Year mid-April, transplants land for growing field crops during height of seedling 10-15cm.
(4) field management specifically comprises: cultivation and banking, topdress, water and Later growth management, described Later growth management specifically finger: with by the end of September to during mid-October, special fertilizer is used with ditching in the ranks in interval 5 days, and described special fertilizer comprises: wheat seed 20 parts, humus soil 50 parts and sandy soil 50 parts; Execute potassium hydroxide 400kg, clear liquid dung 1600kg for every mu simultaneously;
Topdress and specifically refer to: after transplanting, every mu is watered with people and animals' fecaluria 400kg bath of becoming thoroughly decomposed; In late April to mid-May, execute become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 500kg, cake fertilizer 50kg for every mu; After cutting old bar 6, between July, executed long root manure, executed the muck 3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 20kg, potassium chloride 10kg for every mu; Fertilizing method ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, executes rear earthing lid fertile.
Cultivation and banking comprises: three intertillages and ridging; The time of described intertillage is respectively: height of seedling 8cm; June and August; Described ridging can be carried out when combining intertillage, and heat and moisture preserving, makes to be convenient to draining in the ranks and between strain.
Water and comprise: spray seedling stage; Carry out pouring water night in 7-8 month, draining on daytime, ensures red sage root water requirement, avoids ponding simultaneously.
(5) in time flower a kind of sedge is plucked squaring period in bolting; When inflorescence just extracts 2cm out, remove in time; Start from mid-April, plucked 1 time every 10 days, the sun is extractd before rising in the morning.
(7) disease control: root rot their early stage can drench filling root by loose 500-800 times of liquid with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid or 50% enemy, every 10 days 1 time, continuous 2-3 time; Red sage root Root-knot broadcasts sowing quicklime between ridge, then waters immediately.
(8) after gathering, whole ground specifically refers to: remove clean by red sage root acrial part, directly plough afterwards, the wheat seedling of having emerged directly is ploughed under underground, the degree of depth of ploughing is 60cm, finally presses ground, and use stone roller rolls after soil is retained to and passes the winter.
(9), after Second Year beginning of spring, above-mentioned steps is adopted to carry out the plantation red sage root.The content of its tanshinone IIA and tanshin polyphenolic acid B is measured after gathering.
Embodiment 3
Selection preceding crop is not the plot of the red sage root, and conveniently culture technique carries out the plantation red sage root, and the continuous cropping red sage root of gathering after Second Year, measures the content of its tanshinone IIA and tanshin polyphenolic acid B.
Quality Detection: utilize high performance liquid chromatography to detect the content of tanshinone IIA and tanshin polyphenolic acid B in red sage root rhizome, concrete grammar is see 2005 editions " Chinese Pharmacopoeias ", the content finding tanshinone in salvia miltiorrhiza bunge IIA in wherein method described in embodiment 1 is more afterwards 0.48%, and the content of the tanshinone in salvia miltiorrhiza bunge IIA that embodiment 2 is gathered is 0.43%; And the red sage root of gathering in embodiment 3, the content of its tanshinone IIA is only only 0.25%; Meanwhile, in the red sage root, the content results of tanshin polyphenolic acid B is as follows: embodiment 1 is 6.63%; Embodiment 2 is 7.24%; And embodiment 3 is 3.05%.
Output detects: in embodiment 1, the output of the continuous cropping red sage root is: 361kg/ mu; In embodiment 2, the output of the continuous cropping red sage root is: 398kg/ mu; In embodiment 3, the output of the continuous cropping red sage root is: 162kg/ mu; The wherein rhizome generation root knot nematode disease of most red sage root, and can not be used as medicine.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details.
Claims (9)
1. improve an implantation methods for continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality, it comprise selection of land, whole, seedling raising and transplanting, field management, gather and gather after wholely; It is characterized in that, described field management specifically comprises: cultivation and banking, topdress, water and Later growth management, described Later growth management specifically finger: with by the end of September-mid-October during, special fertilizer is used with ditching in the ranks in interval 5 days, and described special fertilizer comprises: wheat seed 20 parts, humus soil 50 parts and sandy soil 50 parts; Execute potassium hydroxide 400kg, clear liquid dung 1600kg for every mu simultaneously;
Described gather after whole ground specifically refer to: remove clean by red sage root acrial part, directly plough afterwards, the wheat seedling of having emerged directly is ploughed under underground, the degree of depth of ploughing is 40-60cm, finally presses ground, and use stone roller rolls after soil is retained to and passes the winter.
2. the implantation methods improving continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described selection of land comprises: selection preceding crop is not the plot of the red sage root, and described plot soil property is neutral loam, and soil layer is deep, and draining is good.
3. the implantation methods improving continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described seedling raising and transplanting specifically comprises:
Step one, collect seed, in the last ten-days period in June salvia seeds maturation gather in time afterwards, after gathering normal temperature preserve 15-20 days, dress seed according to fine sand soil and ash afterwards;
Step 2, seeding and seedling raising, applies the dung polluted water that becomes thoroughly decomposed as base fertilizer nursery Tanaka according to the amount of 200kg/hm2, after planting earthing 0.5cm, and evenly spray and water nursery water, and set up shade net on nursery field, the height of shade net is 60-80cm;
Step 3, transplant, red sage root seedling passes the winter safely nursery Tanaka, Second Year mid-April, transplants land for growing field crops during height of seedling 10-15cm.
4. the implantation methods improving continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, describedly to comprise: deep plough after the beginning of spring wholely, topsoil is not less than 60cm deeply, apply base fertilizer after deep ploughing, described every mu, base fertilizer is used: become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 3000kg, cake fertilizer 600kg, carbonic acid ammonium dihydrogen 50kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30kg.
5. the as claimed in claim 1 implantation methods improving continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality, is characterized in that, described in topdress and specifically refer to: after transplanting, to wash by water with the people and animals' fecaluria 400kg become thoroughly decomposed for every mu and water; In late April to mid-May, execute become thoroughly decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 500kg, cake fertilizer 50kg for every mu; After cutting old bar 6, between July, executed long root manure, executed the muck 3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 20kg, potassium chloride 10kg for every mu; Fertilizing method ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, executes rear earthing lid fertile.
6. the implantation methods improving continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be also included in bolting and plucked by flower a kind of sedge in time squaring period; When inflorescence just extracts 1-2cm out, remove in time; Start from mid-April, plucked 1 time every 10 days, the sun is extractd before rising in the morning.
7. the implantation methods improving continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cultivation and banking comprises: three intertillages and ridging; The time of described intertillage is respectively: height of seedling 8cm; June and 7-8 month; Described ridging can be carried out when combining intertillage, and heat and moisture preserving, makes to be convenient to draining in the ranks and between strain.
8. the as claimed in claim 1 implantation methods improving continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality, is characterized in that, described in water and comprise: spray seedling stage; Carry out pouring water night in 7-8 month, draining on daytime, ensures red sage root water requirement, avoids ponding simultaneously.
9. the implantation methods improving continuous cropping red sage root seed output and quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise disease control: root rot their early stage 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1000 times of liquid or 50% enemy can drench filling root by loose 500-800 times of liquid, every 10-15 days 1 time, continuous 2-3 time; Red sage root Root-knot broadcasts sowing quicklime between ridge, then waters immediately.
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| CN106376317A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 李冬琼 | Plantation method of improving content of danshinolic acid in root of red-rooted salvia |
| CN106376318A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 李冬琼 | Plantation method improving content of tanshinoe IIA in root of red-rooted salvia |
| CN109526651A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-29 | 禹州市锦绣大地生态农业有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae |
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