CN105557110A - Hybrid rice pest and disease prevention planting technology - Google Patents
Hybrid rice pest and disease prevention planting technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN105557110A CN105557110A CN201510916377.6A CN201510916377A CN105557110A CN 105557110 A CN105557110 A CN 105557110A CN 201510916377 A CN201510916377 A CN 201510916377A CN 105557110 A CN105557110 A CN 105557110A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid rice pest and disease prevention planting technology. According to the invention, on a basis of a high-quality hybridization technology, pest and disease occurrence is effectively prevented through field management. The occurrence of pest and diseases will seriously affect hybrid rice yield and quality; liquid pesticide is irritating and paddy rice leaves might be burnt; and paddy rice variation might happen under the side effects of some pesticides, leading to a disastrous consequence. According to the invention, a good field management is carried out through sterilizing soil, laying mulches for keeping warm, exposing the field under sunlight, and the like. In a late stage, pests, diseases and weeds are substantially reduced. During a planting period, a straight ridge direction is kept consistent with a wind direction, such that lodging prevention and air ventilation are facilitated, and pest and disease growth is prevented.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technology field of plantation, be specifically related to a kind of planting technology of hybrid rice preventing disease and pest.
Background technology
The mud content of organic matter detecting city lotus pool reaches more than 9.6%, higher than nearly 2.5 times of general soil, clay mineral comparision contents is wherein high, by the understanding to municipal sludge, what emphasis utilized it is its higher content of organic matter, loose porous structure, trickle soil structure makes it possess certain natural characterization of adsorption simultaneously.
Root channel is an important kind of soil macropore, essence by root system of plant in the process of growth and the duct that formed in soil after root system death, traditional root channel is important refer to the dead corruption of root system of plant after the duct that formed in soil, and live body root system is the further extension of root channel with the hole of Zinc fractions in process of growth, can also say it is " multimedium interface " between plants and soil, be made up of water, gas, soil, microorganism and root system of plant.For the root hole that live body root growth is formed, due to the activity etc. of the absorption of root system, secretion and rhizospheric microorganism, define the lasting interface that a Root Absorption-secretion-microbial metabolism-air transmission-solute flows.Because it forms extensive continuous print large aperture hole in soil, soil moisture and solute is made to form Preferential flow, significant in soil water conservancy diversion; And Root decomposition thing abundant in hole, in addition the transport of moisture, solute and air, for microorganism provides good growth interface and condition, formed so-called " microbial film ", so the effect of this type of root hole in the migration and conversion of soil solute is also considerable.So the microorganism around macrovoid has higher biomass and metabolic activity, such as denitrification etc.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, according to the habit of growth of paddy rice, works out a kind of implantation methods being suitable for paddy growth, effectively improves output, realize scientic planting paddy rice, realizes particular by following method:
A planting technology for hybrid rice preventing disease and pest, is characterized in that, comprises following step:
(1) rape stalk and sesame stalk are mixed in the ratio of 2:1, machinery confusion is sprinkling upon the large Tanaka of Rice Cropping after smashing, every mu of 300 ~ 400Kg, then tractor-ploughing is digged, the tractor-ploughing degree of depth 35 ~ 40cm, carbonic hydroammonium 100 ~ 150Kg, 50% powder of carbendazim 2 ~ 3Kg, white lime 50 ~ 60Kg and organic fermentation material pulvis 350 ~ 400Kg are sprinkled upon large field by every mu, tractor-ploughing mixing again, pour water to the water yield and just cover field top layer, 3 ~ 5 days, soaked field, then spray and add weed killer herbicide 200 ~ 250Kg/ mu, lid black mulch film places insulation dry field 6 ~ 7 days;
(2) discharge water to the water yield toward the large Tanaka described in (1) and flood top layer, field 8 ~ 10cm, water is ploughed land for growing field crops and is made soil refinement, after discharging water place 1 ~ 2 day slightly air-dry, rake, by water content, after lotus pool mud and the curing additive of 80 ~ 90wt% mix in the ratio of 50:1, flat brush is on land for growing field crops, and thickness is 1.5 ~ 2cm, after completing air-dry 3 ~ 4 days, and then to water on land for growing field crops, unrestrained water depth is at 6 ~ 8cm;
(3) field then described in (2) selects the rectangular straight ridge of 1.5 ~ 2m width for planting the female parent of hybrid rice, between female parent, 50 ~ 60cm width in interval is used for male parent plantation, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 25 ~ 35Kg, potassium permanganate 6 ~ 10, zinc humic acid 1 ~ 3, MAP 10 ~ 12 mixing kaolin 100 ~ 120 are sprinkling upon male parent and plant on rectangular ridge simultaneously, then to plant father and mother's rice shoot according to strain spacing 30 ~ 35cm, direction and the direction keeping parallelism of throughout the year blowing on rectangular straight ridge;
(4) female parent plant before 3 ~ 4 days, carbonic hydroammonium 25 ~ 30, superphosphate 8 ~ 12, potassium nitrate 15 ~ 20, ammonium molybdate 1 ~ 2 mixed gypsum powder 30 ~ 40 are sprinkling upon on the rectangular straight ridge of planting of maternal, then plant female parent according to strain spacing 15 ~ 20cm;
(5) period of seedling establishment keeps the water layer of 3.3cm, heat and moisture preserving 5 ~ 7 days, and every 5 ~ 7 days of tillering stage, mu executed urea 8 ~ 10Kg, after entering the roasting field stage there is hair check to field soil in waterproof dry field, and add water 3.3 ~ 3.5cm, 2 ~ 3 times repeatedly, educate fringe phase maintenance shallow water 3 ~ 3.5cm, add water after naturally falling to doing;
(6) the removal of impurities work in field is carried out, prevent hybrid from polluting, flowering stage manually pushes pollination with long bamboo pole is auxiliary, accomplish to touch, shake slowly, receive hand soon, every day 3 ~ 4 times, first gather in male parent during harvesting, gained maternal rice is required hybrid seed, and other not mentioned water and fertilizer management all routinely Rice Cropping requires to implement.
Organic fermentation material pulvis of described step (1) is is the conch meal 6 ~ 9 of unit by weight portion, colza cake 20 ~ 25, rice bran 15 ~ 20, dry cow dung 35 ~ 45, humus soil 25 ~ 30, oily shale stone flour 6 ~ 8, selenium powder 2 ~ 3, soybean curb residue 25 ~ 30, rice husk 10 ~ 15, sweet potato rattan 55 ~ 70 mix, add water in right amount and regulate water content 45 ~ 50%, spray the EM microbial inoculum 2 ~ 3 of 10 times of dilutions, heap fermentation 20 ~ 24 days, period stirs 3 ~ 5 times, add water after completing and be milled to uniform paste, be finally dried into pulvis and obtain.
Described step (2) curing additive is first that the novolac epoxy resin 15 ~ 20 of unit puts into reactor by weight portion, add water 80 and solvent propyl alcohol 5 ~ 8, be heated to 65 ~ 80 DEG C of stirring and dissolving, then trimethylolpropane 2 ~ 4 and epoxy prapanol 4 ~ 7 is added, be incubated 80 DEG C and under the rotating speed of 300 ~ 350r/min, stir composite 1.5 ~ 2h and become aqueous phase, then another standby container, mixing rapeseed oil 20 ~ 25 and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene 3 ~ 5, add the cement 10 ~ 15 of mixing simultaneously, white lime 4 ~ 8 and ash 2 ~ 5, high-speed stirred, disperse and evenly become oil phase, finally slowly be added in aforementioned aqueous phase, high-speed intermittent clipper shears 30 ~ 40min, after abundant mixing, uniformly emulsion obtains,
The plantation feature of paddy rice is: happiness high temperature, wet more, short-day, seedling germination minimum temperature 10 ~ 12 DEG C, the suitableeest 28 ~ 32 DEG C, and need different heat-retaining conditions in the different stages, the water rate control in field is the key point place of rice cultivation, the rice shoot in brephic, field needs sufficient moisture supply, water level must remain at 3.5 ~ 4cm, and mid-term, period of seedling establishment guaranteed water level was the water level of the suitableeest paddy growth at about 3.3cm, then tillering stage is entered, time the most key, how many direct height affecting output of tillering, and the key point controlling to tiller is to control field water level to regulate temperature, reach the object in " roasting field ", be directly related to the operation of continuous folding and unfolding water level.
The present invention mainly uses following two technical characterstics, one is adopt lotus pool mud, bed-silt or municipal sludge as main body, add a certain amount of curing additive, mud is made to possess certain ability to cure, make to soften, fine and smooth mud is cross-linked to each other and do not lump, the effect in airtight trickle cavity, effectively slows down moisture penetration, plays an important role in follow-up moisture adjustment;
Second feature utilizes the elasticity of stalk to manufacture soft soil horizon, most Rice Cropping is after little wheat harvesting, here direct being smashed by grain header by wheat stalk is dispersed in large field, this method effectively prevents the pollution of burning to air, then tractor-ploughing is digged and to be mixed with subsoil, slower in order to prevent stalk from rotting, add a certain amount of urea, accelerate Straw decomposing, the ammoniation of similar stalk, the stereochemical structure of wheat stalk realizes SOIL DISTRIBUTION and loosens, the feature that hole is larger, be conducive to respiration and the nutrient absorption of rice root, but drawback is the water yield of paddy field, and also relative permeate is very fast, be unfavorable for that field keeps the water yield to play the effect of insulation, here top layer mud " obstruct " effect of the first inventive point has just been used, complement each other, so the curing additive of mud is even more important, should bond comparatively muskey here, too can't solidify simultaneously, prevent moisture from blocking, and land for growing field crops can make surface, field more level and smooth after earth's surface flat brush one deck mud, more be parallel to horizontal plane, avoid the appearance of field groove, stalk can leave root hole after rotting on the other hand, and root hole effectively can transmit organic matter, moisture and air, be conducive to growing of paddy rice under ground portion, improve resistance, realize scientic planting.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is on the basis of high-quality hybrid technology, pass through field management, effectively prevent the incidence of damage by disease and insect, the generation of damage by disease and insect can have a strong impact on the seed output and quality of hybrid rice, spread pesticides water time may to burn rice leaf due to liquid medicine excitant, and the side effect of some agricultural chemicals may have influence on paddy rice variation, consequence is hardly imaginable, the present invention passes through soil disinfection, the method of covering film insulation dry field etc. has a well management to field, later stage obviously reduces the growth of damage by disease and insect and weeds, and keep plantation time Zhi Long direction and wind direction always, be conducive to lodging-prevention and air circulation, prevent damage by disease and insect from growing.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A planting technology for hybrid rice preventing disease and pest, is characterized in that, comprises following step:
(1) rape stalk and sesame stalk are mixed in the ratio of 2:1, machinery confusion is sprinkling upon the large Tanaka of Rice Cropping after smashing, every mu of 300 ~ 400Kg, then tractor-ploughing is digged, the tractor-ploughing degree of depth 35 ~ 40cm, carbonic hydroammonium 100 ~ 150Kg, 50% powder of carbendazim 2 ~ 3Kg, white lime 50 ~ 60Kg and organic fermentation material pulvis 350 ~ 400Kg are sprinkled upon large field by every mu, tractor-ploughing mixing again, pour water to the water yield and just cover field top layer, 3 ~ 5 days, soaked field, then spray and add weed killer herbicide 200 ~ 250Kg/ mu, lid black mulch film places insulation dry field 6 ~ 7 days;
(2) discharge water to the water yield toward the large Tanaka described in (1) and flood top layer, field 8 ~ 10cm, water is ploughed land for growing field crops and is made soil refinement, after discharging water place 1 ~ 2 day slightly air-dry, rake, by water content, after lotus pool mud and the curing additive of 80 ~ 90wt% mix in the ratio of 50:1, flat brush is on land for growing field crops, and thickness is 1.5 ~ 2cm, after completing air-dry 3 ~ 4 days, and then to water on land for growing field crops, unrestrained water depth is at 6 ~ 8cm;
(3) field then described in (2) selects the rectangular straight ridge of 1.5 ~ 2m width for planting the female parent of hybrid rice, between female parent, 50 ~ 60cm width in interval is used for male parent plantation, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 25 ~ 35Kg, potassium permanganate 6 ~ 10, zinc humic acid 1 ~ 3, MAP 10 ~ 12 mixing kaolin 100 ~ 120 are sprinkling upon male parent and plant on rectangular ridge simultaneously, then to plant father and mother's rice shoot according to strain spacing 30 ~ 35cm, direction and the direction keeping parallelism of throughout the year blowing on rectangular straight ridge;
(4) female parent plant before 3 ~ 4 days, carbonic hydroammonium 25 ~ 30, superphosphate 8 ~ 12, potassium nitrate 15 ~ 20, ammonium molybdate 1 ~ 2 mixed gypsum powder 30 ~ 40 are sprinkling upon on the rectangular straight ridge of planting of maternal, then plant female parent according to strain spacing 15 ~ 20cm;
(5) period of seedling establishment keeps the water layer of 3.3cm, heat and moisture preserving 5 ~ 7 days, and every 5 ~ 7 days of tillering stage, mu executed urea 8 ~ 10Kg, after entering the roasting field stage there is hair check to field soil in waterproof dry field, and add water 3.3 ~ 3.5cm, 2 ~ 3 times repeatedly, educate fringe phase maintenance shallow water 3 ~ 3.5cm, add water after naturally falling to doing;
(6) the removal of impurities work in field is carried out, prevent hybrid from polluting, flowering stage manually pushes pollination with long bamboo pole is auxiliary, accomplish to touch, shake slowly, receive hand soon, every day 3 ~ 4 times, first gather in male parent during harvesting, gained maternal rice is required hybrid seed, and other not mentioned water and fertilizer management all routinely Rice Cropping requires to implement.
The conch meal 8 that organic fermentation material pulvis of described step (1) is is unit by weight portion (Kg), colza cake 22, rice bran 16, dry cow dung 38, humus soil 27, oily shale stone flour 8, selenium powder 2, soybean curb residue 28, rice husk 12, sweet potato rattan 60 mix, add water in right amount and regulate water content 45 ~ 50%, spray the EM microbial inoculum 2 of 10 times of dilutions, heap fermentation 20 ~ 24 days, period stirs 3 ~ 5 times, add water after completing and be milled to uniform paste, be finally dried into pulvis and obtain.
Described step (2) curing additive is that the novolac epoxy resin 18 being first unit by weight portion (Kg) puts into reactor, add water 80 and solvent propyl alcohol 7, be heated to 65 ~ 80 DEG C of stirring and dissolving, then trimethylolpropane 3 and epoxy prapanol 6 is added, be incubated 80 DEG C and under the rotating speed of 300 ~ 350r/min, stir composite 1.5 ~ 2h and become aqueous phase, then another standby container, mixing rapeseed oil 20 ~ 25 and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene 5, add the cement 12 of mixing simultaneously, white lime 5 and ash 3, high-speed stirred, disperse and evenly become oil phase, finally slowly be added in aforementioned aqueous phase, high-speed intermittent clipper shears 30 ~ 40min, after abundant mixing, uniformly emulsion obtains,
Adopt the planting technology of a kind of hybrid rice preventing disease and pest of the present invention, plantation hybrid rice, obviously in final-period management, the harm of damage by disease and insect reduces, and paddy rice is more healthy.
Claims (3)
1. a planting technology for hybrid rice preventing disease and pest, is characterized in that, comprises following step:
(1) rape stalk and sesame stalk are mixed in the ratio of 2:1, machinery confusion is sprinkling upon the large Tanaka of Rice Cropping after smashing, every mu of 300 ~ 400Kg, then tractor-ploughing is digged, the tractor-ploughing degree of depth 35 ~ 40cm, carbonic hydroammonium 100 ~ 150Kg, 50% powder of carbendazim 2 ~ 3Kg, white lime 50 ~ 60Kg and organic fermentation material pulvis 350 ~ 400Kg are sprinkled upon large field by every mu, tractor-ploughing mixing again, pour water to the water yield and just cover field top layer, 3 ~ 5 days, soaked field, then spray and add weed killer herbicide 200 ~ 250Kg/ mu, lid black mulch film places insulation dry field 6 ~ 7 days;
(2) discharge water to the water yield toward the large Tanaka described in (1) and flood top layer, field 8 ~ 10cm, water is ploughed land for growing field crops and is made soil refinement, after discharging water place 1 ~ 2 day slightly air-dry, rake, by water content, after lotus pool mud and the curing additive of 80 ~ 90wt% mix in the ratio of 50:1, flat brush is on land for growing field crops, and thickness is 1.5 ~ 2cm, after completing air-dry 3 ~ 4 days, and then to water on land for growing field crops, unrestrained water depth is at 6 ~ 8cm;
(3) field then described in (2) selects the rectangular straight ridge of 1.5 ~ 2m width for planting the female parent of hybrid rice, between female parent, 50 ~ 60cm width in interval is used for male parent plantation, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 25 ~ 35Kg, potassium permanganate 6 ~ 10, zinc humic acid 1 ~ 3, MAP 10 ~ 12 mixing kaolin 100 ~ 120 are sprinkling upon male parent and plant on rectangular ridge simultaneously, then to plant father and mother's rice shoot according to strain spacing 30 ~ 35cm, direction and the direction keeping parallelism of throughout the year blowing on rectangular straight ridge;
(4) female parent plant before 3 ~ 4 days, carbonic hydroammonium 25 ~ 30, superphosphate 8 ~ 12, potassium nitrate 15 ~ 20, ammonium molybdate 1 ~ 2 mixed gypsum powder 30 ~ 40 are sprinkling upon on the rectangular straight ridge of planting of maternal, then plant female parent according to strain spacing 15 ~ 20cm;
(5) period of seedling establishment keeps the water layer of 3.3cm, heat and moisture preserving 5 ~ 7 days, and every 5 ~ 7 days of tillering stage, mu executed urea 8 ~ 10Kg, after entering the roasting field stage there is hair check to field soil in waterproof dry field, and add water 3.3 ~ 3.5cm, 2 ~ 3 times repeatedly, educate fringe phase maintenance shallow water 3 ~ 3.5cm, add water after naturally falling to doing;
(6) the removal of impurities work in field is carried out, prevent hybrid from polluting, flowering stage manually pushes pollination with long bamboo pole is auxiliary, accomplish to touch, shake slowly, receive hand soon, every day 3 ~ 4 times, first gather in male parent during harvesting, gained maternal rice is required hybrid seed, and other not mentioned water and fertilizer management all routinely Rice Cropping requires to implement.
2. the planting technology of a kind of hybrid rice preventing disease and pest according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, organic fermentation material pulvis of described step (1) is the conch meal 6 ~ 9 of unit by weight portion, colza cake 20 ~ 25, rice bran 15 ~ 20, dry cow dung 35 ~ 45, humus soil 25 ~ 30, oil shale stone flour 6 ~ 8, selenium powder 2 ~ 3, soybean curb residue 25 ~ 30, rice husk 10 ~ 15, sweet potato rattan 55 ~ 70 mixes, add water in right amount and regulate water content 45 ~ 50%, spray the EM microbial inoculum 2 ~ 3 of 10 times of dilutions, heap fermentation 20 ~ 24 days, period stirs 3 ~ 5 times, add water after completing and be milled to uniform paste, finally be dried into pulvis to obtain.
3. the planting technology of a kind of hybrid rice preventing disease and pest according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (2) curing additive is first that the novolac epoxy resin 15 ~ 20 of unit puts into reactor by weight portion, add water 80 and solvent propyl alcohol 5 ~ 8, be heated to 65 ~ 80 DEG C of stirring and dissolving, then trimethylolpropane 2 ~ 4 and epoxy prapanol 4 ~ 7 is added, be incubated 80 DEG C and under the rotating speed of 300 ~ 350r/min, stir composite 1.5 ~ 2h and become aqueous phase, then another standby container, mixing rapeseed oil 20 ~ 25 and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene 3 ~ 5, add the cement 10 ~ 15 of mixing simultaneously, white lime 4 ~ 8 and ash 2 ~ 5, high-speed stirred, disperse and evenly become oil phase, finally slowly be added in aforementioned aqueous phase, high-speed intermittent clipper shears 30 ~ 40min, after abundant mixing, uniformly emulsion obtains.
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| CN201510916377.6A CN105557110A (en) | 2015-12-14 | 2015-12-14 | Hybrid rice pest and disease prevention planting technology |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106688752A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-24 | 安徽省东昌农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for high-yield, high-quality and high-lodging-resistant new variety hybrid rice |
| CN106797854A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-06 | 安徽省东昌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of fringe is big, stalk thick, the implantation methods of resistance indica hybrid rice new varieties |
| CN107624794A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-26 | 安徽省中日农业环保科技有限公司 | A kind of microorganism Control Technology of rice sheath blight disease |
| CN107624795A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-26 | 安徽省中日农业环保科技有限公司 | A kind of prevention and controls of rice sheath blight disease |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106688752A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-24 | 安徽省东昌农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for high-yield, high-quality and high-lodging-resistant new variety hybrid rice |
| CN106797854A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-06 | 安徽省东昌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of fringe is big, stalk thick, the implantation methods of resistance indica hybrid rice new varieties |
| CN107624794A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-26 | 安徽省中日农业环保科技有限公司 | A kind of microorganism Control Technology of rice sheath blight disease |
| CN107624795A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-26 | 安徽省中日农业环保科技有限公司 | A kind of prevention and controls of rice sheath blight disease |
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