CN102835302A - Method for producing seeds of hybrid japonica rice mechanically and fully - Google Patents
Method for producing seeds of hybrid japonica rice mechanically and fully Download PDFInfo
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- CN102835302A CN102835302A CN2012103364829A CN201210336482A CN102835302A CN 102835302 A CN102835302 A CN 102835302A CN 2012103364829 A CN2012103364829 A CN 2012103364829A CN 201210336482 A CN201210336482 A CN 201210336482A CN 102835302 A CN102835302 A CN 102835302A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing seeds of hybrid japonica rice mechanically and fully. With the adoption of a series of mechanical operation technologies such as mechanically transplanting parent, cutting leaves by a garden trimmer, catching powder at a variable speed by a tractor, mechanically spraying insecticide, and mechanically drying and selecting, the seed production cost is reduced drastically, the seed production efficiency is improved, the mechanical and large-scale seed production base with more than one hundred of mu can be built, the seed production yield can achieve 160kg/mu, which is improved by about 20% in comparison with the traditional seed production and saves about 20% of labor.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural rice seed production field, relate to a kind of Japonica Hybrid entire mechanization producing method for seed.
Background technology
China hybridization long-grained nonglutinous rice the research and extension application obtained remarkable achievement, yet the development of Japonica Hybrid but very slowly.The japonica rice area in the whole nation has reached about 100,000,000 mu at present, and wherein the Japonica Hybrid area is less than 5% of japonica rice cultivated area, and very big development space is arranged.Japonica Hybrid be most possibly make a breakthrough at no distant date, great-leap-forward development, to one of maximum cereal crops of total grain output contribution rate, will be the increases in grain production new growth point.
Influencing at present the major reason that Japonica Hybrid applies is exactly that hybrid seeding output is not high, seed quality is unstable.Hybridize long-grained nonglutinous rice relatively, Japonica Hybrid production of hybrid seeds paternal pollen amount is less, and the traditional approach hybrid seed yield is lower.Therefore be necessary to catch up with Study on Technology such as powder, mechanical harvesting, mechanical drying be selected to promote through machine rice transplantation in the Japonica Hybrid production of hybrid seeds process, machinery laxative, machinery being cut leaf, machinery; Thereby take the lead in carrying out entire mechanization scale breeding high efficiency seed at home in the Japonica Hybrid; Improve Japonica Hybrid crossbreeding outcrossing seed-setting rate, build up scale production of hybrid seeds base, reduce breeding cost significantly.And set up a cover Japonica Hybrid mechanization propagation seed making technology, and enlarge the provenance production of Japonica Hybrid combination, promote the industrialization development of existing Japonica Hybrid combination, strengthen the agricultural science and technology service ability.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of Japonica Hybrid entire mechanization producing method for seed; Cut leaf, tractor speed change through parent's machine transplanting of rice, garden trimming machine and catch up with a series of mechanized operations technology such as powder, mechanical harvesting, mechanical drying are selected, machinery laxative; Form Japonica Hybrid entire mechanization seeding technique standard; Build the mechanization scale production of hybrid seeds base more than hundred mu; Thereby widely popularize the Japonica Hybrid entire mechanization scale production of hybrid seeds, reduce breeding cost significantly, improve seed production efficiency.
Japonica Hybrid entire mechanization producing method for seed of the present invention at first through the new combined parent strain of Japonica Hybrid is given birth to The Characteristic Study, selects to be fit to the combination of entire mechanization operation, formulates this sowing of reasonable father and mother, transplanting difference phase and the row ratio of machine transplanting of rice seedling; Make full use of the rich water control technique and put up father's female parent seedling frame, set up desirable this fringe of father and mother kernel structure; Accurately the prediction florescence, in time effectively regulate; Carry out machinery and cut leaf, spray gibberellin, strengthen this fringe of father and mother potential difference; In time carry out mechanical speed change behind the beginning fringe and catch up with powder, improve outcrossing seed-setting rate; The thoroughly impurity elimination of ripe back, mechanical harvesting, mechanical drying is selected.
Described Japonica Hybrid entire mechanization producing method for seed specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) sets up suitable Japonica Hybrid mechanization production of hybrid seeds base
At first set up scale Japonica Hybrid combined machine production of hybrid seeds base more than hundred mu; The geographical position, base is relatively independent; Distance isolation is more than 500 meters, or adjacent kind differs more than 20 days (general require to do the early-maturing variety of isolating can be before August 20 neat fringe) heading stage; The seed farm piece is smooth, and fertility is even, and it is convenient to irritate row, field wide about 30 meters (be fit to machinery and catch up with powder, laxative etc.), big machinery such as ridge drivable tractor all around.
2) select the Japonica Hybrid of the suitable for mechanization production of hybrid seeds to make up, rationally arrange the parent to broadcast the poor phase
Select this duration from seeding to heading of father and mother close, tillering ability is stronger, and plant and leaf shape is compact, the live Japonica Hybrid combination of the ripe suitable mechanization production of hybrid seeds of blue or green bar of later stage.Parent through the Japonica Hybrid combination gives birth to characteristic research, formulates the rational father and mother of the mechanization production of hybrid seeds and originally broadcasts the poor phase, and father and mother originally broadcast the poor phase about 15 and are advisable (at maternal 18 days length of time rice seedlings grow of transplanting of machine transplanting of rice seedling, the male parent land for growing field crops seedling of two phases was transplanted length of time rice seedlings grow 26-33 days).Cultivate rice shoot and be seed farm and obtain the prerequisite of high yield, maternal floppy disk seedling, the rice seed germination rate is guaranteed in strict seed selection, and neat and consistent is wanted in vernalization, and the sowing uniformity will stress especially that light seeding is even to broadcast that every dish is broadcast gulch 100 grams.The male parent manual work is planted, about 10 kilograms every mu of rice seedling bed seeding quantitys, lid film or nonwoven in the rice seedling bed.
3) the suitable father and mother's one's own profession ratio of the Japonica Hybrid combined machine production of hybrid seeds guarantees spike number
The artificial again male parent of inserting behind the intact female parent of elder generation's employing Kubo field rice transplanter machine transplanting of rice, father and mother's one's own profession ratio are 2: 6 (seed farm minimum row ratio is with the clever flower amount of assurance male parent); Maternal distance between rows and hills is 30 * 12 centimetres (rice transplanter minimum row spacing in the rows is to guarantee maternal effectively fringe), and line-spacing is 30 centimetres between male parent and between male parent and female parent; The machine transplanting of rice of every cave 2-3 strain seed seedling is inserted maternal 1.3-1.5 ten thousand caves for every mu, basic seedling 3-4 ten thousand strain/mus; Because machine transplanting of rice seedling is mechanized operation, causes easily leaking inserting and be short of seedling, so before the machine transplanting of rice, must improve whole field precision; Will in time fill the gaps with seedlings after the machine transplanting of rice, enough maternal basic seedlings of trying hard to keep are laid a solid foundation for capturing seed production and high-yield.
4) machine transplanting of rice seedling seed farm water and fertilizer management
Therefore machine transplanting of rice seedling seed farm requires the base fertilizer foot because line-spacing is bigger, and rice shoot is less, increases the base manure consumption; Topdress early, promote early to tiller, guarantee maternal effectively fringe, jointing is fertile, ear manuer wants steady; Improve the percentage of earbearing tiller and big fringe, fertilising is wanted evenly, prevent local plot partially fertilizer or thin partially influence the florescence.Generally always be controlled at about 25 kilograms every mu with the nitrogen amount.Basal dressing carbon ammonia is 30 kilograms before transplanting, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, and potassium chloride is made base manure for 7.5 kilograms, transplants the back and in time imposes 10 kilograms in seed manure urea in 5-10 days, plants and has executed 10 kilograms in the urea of topdressing for the 2nd time in back 20 days, drinks according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings by the end of July and executes ear manuer.Requirement 25-30 days Gao Miao of female parent after transplanting reach 20-22 ten thousand/mu, and the Gao Miao of male parent reaches 6-7 ten thousand/mu.
Water starch management is grown to the master to promote to tiller, and keeps shoaling layer tillering stage, and in time put the field by the end of July, but must gently put, be standard not fall into pin, be main with intermittent irrigation later on.The field water starch management is regulated with the florescence and is combined after ear differentiation begins, because male parent is responsive to reaction of moisture, the heavier field piece in roasting field is prone to cause the male parent florescence to postpone, and when male parent was slow partially, the field should keep water layer.
5) Japonica Hybrid unit mahine rice transplanting parent's prediction of flowering period and adjusting
At the Japonica Hybrid combination seed farm prediction florescence, mainly take young fringe to grow method and leaf age method of residues.Require male parent to ear 1-2 days maternal morning, guarantee that this full-bloom stage of father and mother meets entirely.The maternal heading of Japonica Hybrid combination is concentrated, and photosensitivity is strong than male parent, and early stage (2-3 phase) male parent of general differentiation should remain basically stable after the fourth phase than the Zao first phase of female parent.Concrete grammar is: since about the August 5 (young fringe differentiation), whenever at a distance from 3 days dissimilar fields piece is shelled this ear differentiation of father and mother progress of looking into, side controls with nitrogenous fertilizer immediately to inclined to one side morning one; A slow partially side then promotes with phosphorus potash fertilizer; The characteristic that male parent also capable of using is responsive to reaction of moisture, male parent be draining dry field then early, controls its growth; Male parent then keeps about 2 cun profundal zones late, promotes to grow.If ear differentiation later stage male parent can be sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate, gibberellin etc. and impel it early to ear still slower.
6) gardens repair that cutting mill cuts leaf and the tractor speed change is caught up with powder
This plant and leaf shape of Japonica Hybrid combination father and mother is compact, sword-like leave uprightly is fit to machinery and cuts leaf; When father and mother originally are about to ear; Use trimmer (the Si Dier hedgerow is cut HS81T/HS86R) to prescind the 1/2-2/3 of this sword-like leave of father and mother, every machine can cut 6-7 mu every day, and manual work is cut leaf work efficiency raising 7-8 doubly; Under the good situation of this flower synchronization of father and mother, spray gibberellin then; Generally speaking, see after the fringe phase is cut leaf every mu of usefulness 2 grams spray male parents earlier in male parent, at a distance from 1 day after to father and mother this with spraying gibberellin 4-6 gram/mu.Spray and carry out after best dew is done, help the abundant absorption of plant.Carry out the tractor speed change behind the beginning fringe and catch up with pollen (Shanghai knob Holland SNH654); Speed is between 10-20 kilometer/hour, and speed combines, to guarantee back and forth twice the male parent pollen amount of upspringing; Balanced maternal individual plant both sides ripening rate; A tractor is respectively driven on both sides when catching up with powder, and rope on the middle bolt (1 centimetre of diameter) also weighs down a weight (about 2.5 kilograms, help pollen and fully upspring); Will treat when wherein catching up with pollen first that female parent has the number of blooming the same day to be no less than at 30% o'clock and can carry out, rather not early late, carry out at least 20 minutes at interval later on again that every day 3-4 time, finished as far as possible late the same day for the last time, machinery catches up with powder can improve ripening rate more than 10%.
7) the crossbreed mechanized harvest, the oven dry selected
In production of hybrid seeds process, the strict roguing of palpus, particularly last impurity elimination must be carried out Kubo field grain header mechanical harvesting female parent after the acceptance(check) again.Harvesting will accomplish to cut earlier male parent, after cut female parent, hold in both hands out after the male parent harvesting, again in female parent impurity elimination repeatedly in the ranks, and after removing male parent and leaving over spike of rice, just can cut female parent.It is alive ripe that Japonica Hybrid makes up maternal blue or green bar, can when gathering in Kubo field grain header, be raised to the fringe neck by the edge of a knife, can reduce to mix, and effectively improves purity.It is selected to carry out mechanical drying at last, and the machine oven dry is in time gone up in grain header harvesting back.The machine oven dry is in time gone up in the harvesting back, guarantee not mechanical admixture, and moisture is below 14%, and temperature is no more than 38 degree, guarantees germination rate.
8) preventing disease pest control
Main disease has stripe virus disease, rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, false smut etc. between breeding time; Main insect pest has striped rice borer, paddy stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid and rice thrips etc.Adhere to the principle of " put prevention first, integrated control ".Strengthen the prediction of disease worm, carry out the machinery laxative, agricultural chemicals is scientifically used in strictness.
Beneficial effect:
Japonica Hybrid entire mechanization producing method for seed of the present invention is rationally broadcast poor phase and capable ratio through what this fertility of Japonica Hybrid combination father and mother characteristic research is formulated the production of hybrid seeds of machine transplanting of rice seedling, has guaranteed the full chance of production of hybrid seeds full-bloom stage and the pollen amount of male parent; The enforcement garden trimming machine cuts leaf, the tractor speed change is caught up with powder, improves production of hybrid seeds outcrossing seed-setting rate more than 10%; Through a series of mechanized operation The Application of Technology, reduced breeding cost significantly, improved seed production efficiency.Build up the Japonica Hybrid mechanization scale production of hybrid seeds base more than hundred mu, hybrid seed yield reaches 160 kilograms/mu, and more traditional hybrid seed yield improves about 20%, practices thrift artificial about 20%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail, but said embodiment does not limit protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1) sets up suitable Japonica Hybrid entire mechanization production of hybrid seeds base;
At first set up and spend excellent scale Japonica Hybrid combined machine production of hybrid seeds base more than 1,400 mu; The geographical position, base is relatively independent; Distance isolation is more than 500 meters, or adjacent kind differs more than 20 days (general require to do the early-maturing variety of isolating can be before August 20 neat fringe) heading stage; The seed farm piece is smooth, and fertility is even, and it is convenient to irritate row, field wide about 30 meters (be fit to machinery and catch up with powder, laxative etc.), big machinery such as ridge drivable tractor all around.
2) select the Japonica Hybrid of the suitable for mechanization production of hybrid seeds to make up, rationally arrange the parent to broadcast the poor phase
Spend excellent sowing on 14 Mays 15 machine transplanting of rice seedling male parent first phase, sowing on May 22 second phase, maternal sowing on June 1, father and mother originally broadcast 17 days poor phases.Because male parent first phase sowing early, temperature is on the low side, so the seedling plate will cover film or nonwoven, guarantees germination rate, helps the male parent florescence ahead of time simultaneously.Maternal Shen 9A transplanted in about June 18, and male parent is transplanted every other day, the artificial male parent of inserting in the intact maternal back of the first machine transplanting of rice.Strict seed selection is wanted in maternal seedling dish sowing, guarantees the rice seed germination rate, and neat and consistent is wanted in vernalization, and the sowing uniformity will stress especially that light seeding is even to broadcast that every dish is broadcast gulch 100 grams, every mu 18 right side of facing left.The male parent manual work is planted, and 0.75 kilogram of big field seeding quantity will reduce seeding quantity, about 10 kilograms every mu of rice seedling bed seeding quantitys when covering film or nonwoven in the rice seedling bed.
3) the suitable father and mother's one's own profession ratio of Japonica Hybrid combined parent strain machine transplanting of rice seedling guarantees spike number
The row that adopts Kubo field rice transplanter is than being 2: 6, and maternal distance between rows and hills is 30 * 12 centimetres, and line width is 2.1 meters, and every cave 2-3 strain seed seedling is inserted maternal 1.3-1.5 ten thousand caves for every mu, basic seedling 3-4 ten thousand strain/mus.Advocate and use view rice transplanter (maternal line-spacing is 25 centimetres), increase every mu of cave number, improve basic seedling.Because machine transplanting of rice seedling is mechanized operation, cause easily leaking inserting and be short of seedling, so before the machine transplanting of rice, must improve whole field precision, in time fill the gaps with seedlings after the machine transplanting of rice, enough maternal basic seedlings of trying hard to keep are laid a solid foundation for capturing seed production and high-yield.Machine transplanting of rice seedling seedling-slowing stage is longer, shallow and inserts, and will carry out proper water and fertilizer management in time after transplanting.
4) machine transplanting of rice seedling seed farm water and fertilizer management
Therefore the machinery seed farm requires the base fertilizer foot because line-spacing is bigger, and rice shoot is less, increases the base manure consumption; Topdress early, promote early to tiller, guarantee maternal effectively fringe, jointing is fertile, ear manuer wants steady; Improve the percentage of earbearing tiller and big fringe, fertilising is wanted evenly, prevent local plot partially fertilizer or thin partially influence the florescence.Spend excellent 14 parents that there is certain difference in fertilizer-responsive, changed parents' breeding time, cause flowering asynchronism and influence hybrid seed yield, the later stage is wanted routine observation, in time adjustment.Generally always be controlled at about 25 kilograms every mu with the nitrogen amount.Execute 30 kilograms of carbon ammonia before the transplanting, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, potassium chloride is made base manure for 7.5 kilograms, transplants the back and in time imposes 10 kilograms in seed manure urea in 5-10 days, plants and has executed 10 kilograms in the urea of topdressing for the 2nd time in back 20 days, drinks according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings by the end of July and executes ear manuer.The general principle of fertilising is that formation and the parents that help high-quality colony steadily grow, and reaches 20-22 ten thousand/mu, male parent 6-7 ten thousand/mu to guarantee female parent 25-30 days Gao Miao after transplanting.Because paternal plant is shorter, so all will give preferential treatment to male parent at each growing stage.Because most times are maternal partially early, thus male parent early stage short with nitrogenous fertilizer be main, the later stage is short with phosphorus potash fertilizer to be main.The water starch management of seed farm is grown to the master to promote to tiller, and keeps shoaling layer tillering stage, and in time put the field by the end of July, but must gently put, be standard not fall into pin, be main with intermittent irrigation later on, until heading.
Spend excellent 14 male parents more responsive than maternal to water, do under the situation in the field, and the maternal relatively leaf development booting of male parent is slower, and under the wet condition of field, male parent is maternal relatively can the booting of leaf development early.Generally carry out water in conjunction with the field water starch management and transfer falling the four leaves end stripping leaf prediction florescence.
5) Japonica Hybrid unit mahine rice transplanting parent's prediction of flowering period and adjusting
Japonica Hybrid spends the maternal heading of excellent 14 machine transplanting of rice seedlings than very fast, and it is more concentrated to bloom, and preferably early maternal 1-2 days beginning fringes of first phase male parent help this full-bloom stage of father and mother like this and meet.Male parent should be than female parent a little earlier pre-differentiation stage of fringe; Carry out young fringe development progress stripping by the field and look into diagnosis from beginning in time establishment officer by the end of July, inspection in per three days once as finds that flower meets existing problems and should in time adjust; Ear differentiation is in the parent before 6 phases; Be adjusted to the master with fertilizer,, generally execute 7.5 kilograms in urea with every mu to growing the inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application of fast parent; Convert water and carry out foliage-spray growing every mu 200 of slow partially parent's phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen gram, will put before the fertilising and do the field water slurry, make slow partially side absorption less than fertilizer, the effect of raising adjusting.Ear differentiation is reached the slow partially parents of 6 phases, and every mu of usefulness 0.5 gram gibberellin adds biphosphate potassium 200 grams to be converted water and carries out foliage-spray, can ear ahead of time 1-2 days, can also use growth hormone regulation and control such as happiness good harvest, Hua Xinling, Hua Xile.
6) garden trimming machine cuts leaf and the tractor speed change is caught up with powder
Maternal Shen 9A sword-like leave is shorter, generally can when seeing fringe 5%, carry out machinery with trimmer (the Si Dier hedgerow is cut HS81T/HS86R) and cut leaf, prescinds the 1/3-2/3 of sword-like leave length, and cutting leaf can not be overweight, otherwise can postpone heading, and influence grouting reduces ripening rate and thousand kernel weight.For ease of loose powder, male parent is cut leaf and can be weighed slightly, generally can prescind 2/3 of sword-like leave.
Father and mother's the best pollination attitude originally is that male parent exceeds maternal 25-30 centimetre, because the male parent plant height is shorter, male parent is wanted the gibberellin of making a call to a time more.See the fringe phase cut leaf after after connect and beat secondary, each 2 grams, for the third time father and mother this with beating, each 6 restrain.About general every mu 10 gram.Crystalline solid gibberellin is water insoluble, needs just can convert the water use after a small amount of alcohol dissolving.Spraying should be carried out in every afternoon, and it is thin that cloud point is wanted, and rained and should respray if meet in the spray back.
Must diligent observe behind the beginning fringe, be certain about when colored, in time carry out the tractor speed change and catch up with pollen (Shanghai knob Holland SNH654); Speed is between 10-20 kilometer/hour, and speed combines, to guarantee back and forth twice the male parent pollen amount of upspringing; Balanced maternal individual plant both sides ripening rate; A tractor is respectively driven on both sides when catching up with powder, and rope on the middle bolt (1 centimetre of diameter) also weighs down a weight (about 2.5 kilograms, help pollen and fully upspring); Will treat when wherein catching up with pollen first that female parent has the number of blooming the same day to be no less than at 30% o'clock and can carry out, rather not early late, carry out at least 20 minutes at interval later on again that every day 3-4 time, finished as far as possible late the same day for the last time, machinery catches up with powder can improve ripening rate more than 10%.Even meet overcast and rainyly in addition, also should catch the rain crack not abandon, caught up with pollen to greatest extent.
7) the crossbreed mechanized harvest, the oven dry selected
Carrying out rogueing is the important step that guarantees seed quality, and rogueing can be divided into three phases to carry out, and the phase I mainly is the plant of pulling out plant type, blade profile, leaf color anomaly before heading; Second stage is at heading flowering period, mainly is loose powder strain and the unusual strain in the male parent of pulling out in the female parent; Phase III is at first cut off male parent before ripe and harvested, the paternal plant left over of cleaning field is pulled out in the female parent obviously higher plant of ripening rate then, after field inspection to carry out Kubo field grain header mechanical harvesting after qualified more maternal.Harvesting will accomplish to cut earlier male parent, after cut female parent, hold in both hands out after the male parent harvesting, again in female parent impurity elimination repeatedly in the ranks, and after removing male parent and leaving over spike of rice, just can cut female parent.It is alive ripe that Japonica Hybrid makes up maternal blue or green bar, can when gathering in Kubo field grain header, be raised to the fringe neck by the edge of a knife, can reduce to mix, and effectively improves purity.It is selected to carry out mechanical drying at last, and the machine oven dry is in time gone up in grain header harvesting back.The machine oven dry is in time gone up in the harvesting back, guarantee not mechanical admixture, and moisture is below 14%, and temperature is no more than 38 degree, guarantees germination rate.
8) preventing disease pest control
Main disease has stripe virus disease, rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, false smut etc. between breeding time; Main insect pest has striped rice borer, paddy stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid and rice thrips etc.Adhere to the principle of " put prevention first, integrated control ".Strengthen the prediction of disease worm, carry out the mechanization laxative, improve efficient, the uniformity of laxative, the effectively preventing damage by disease and insect.
To sum up, the present invention utilizes high BT type male sterile line of the stable fertility, the outcrossing seed-setting rate that are fit to mechanized operation and the round-grained rice type that pollen amount is big, coordinate force is strong to recover system, through this sowing of rational machine transplanting of rice seedling production of hybrid seeds father and mother, transplant difference phase and row ratio; Suitable rich water control technique; Effectively the florescence is regulated, and carries out to comprise that parent's machine transplanting of rice, garden trimming machine cut leaf, tractor speed change and catch up with entire mechanization production of hybrid seeds operations such as powder, mechanical laxative, mechanical harvesting, mechanical drying be selected, forms Japonica Hybrid mechanization seeding technique standard; Set up Japonica Hybrid mechanization scale production of hybrid seeds base more than hundred mu; Reduced breeding cost significantly, improved seed production efficiency, hybrid seed yield reaches 160 kilograms/mu; General seeds for increasing yield 20% practices thrift artificial about 20%.
Claims (8)
1. a Japonica Hybrid entire mechanization producing method for seed is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) sets up the production of hybrid seeds base that is fit to the Japonica Hybrid entire mechanization;
2) select the Japonica Hybrid of the suitable for mechanization production of hybrid seeds to make up, rationally arrange the parent to broadcast the poor phase;
3) confirm father and mother's one's own profession ratio that Japonica Hybrid combined parent strain machine transplanting of rice seedling is suitable;
4) machine transplanting of rice seedling seed farm water and fertilizer management;
5) Japonica Hybrid unit mahine rice transplanting parent's prediction of flowering period and adjusting;
6) garden trimming machine cuts leaf and the tractor speed change is caught up with powder;
7) the crossbreed mechanized harvest, the oven dry selected.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, at first sets up scale Japonica Hybrid combined machine production of hybrid seeds base more than hundred mu, and the geographical position, base is relatively independent, does not allow to plant other rice varieties in 500 meters on every side; The seed farm piece is smooth, and fertility is even, and the field is wide 30 meters, and suitable machinery is caught up with powder, laxative, all around the ridge big machinery that can go.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, selects this duration from seeding to heading of father and mother close; Tillering ability is stronger, and plant and leaf shape is compact, the Japonica Hybrid combination that blue or green bar of later stage ripe suitable entire mechanization alive is operated; Give birth to characteristic according to the parent and rationally arrange to broadcast the poor phase, father and mother originally broadcast the poor phase and were advisable with 15 days, and machine transplanting of rice seedling is maternal transplants 18 days length of time rice seedlings grow; The male parent land for growing field crops seedling of two phases was transplanted length of time rice seedlings grow 26-33 days, the of the right age transplanting of this while of father and mother.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the artificial male parent of inserting in the intact maternal back of the first machine transplanting of rice; Father and mother's one's own profession ratio is 2: 6, and maternal distance between rows and hills is 30 * 12 centimetres, and line-spacing is 30 centimetres between male parent and between male parent and female parent; The machine transplanting of rice of every cave 2-3 strain seed seedling is inserted maternal 1.3-1.5 ten thousand caves for every mu, basic seedling 3-4 ten thousand strain/mus; And in time fill the gaps with seedlings enough maternal basic seedlings of trying hard to keep behind the machine transplanting of rice female parent.
5. based on the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the artificial relatively line-spacing of transplanting of machine transplanting of rice seedling seed farm is bigger, rice shoot is less; Therefore require the base fertilizer foot, increase the base manure consumption, topdress early; Promote early to tiller, guarantee maternal effectively fringe, jointing is fertile, ear manuer wants steady; Improve the percentage of earbearing tiller and big fringe, fertilising is wanted evenly, prevent local plot partially fertilizer or thin partially influence the florescence; Generally always be controlled at 25 kilograms every mu with the nitrogen amount, basal dressing carbon ammonia is 30 kilograms before transplanting, 25 kilograms of calcium superphosphate; Potassium chloride is made base manure for 7.5 kilograms; Transplant the back and in time imposed 10 kilograms in seed manure urea in 5-10 days, plant and executed 10 kilograms in the urea of topdressing for the 2nd time in back 20 days, drink based on the growth of cereal crop seedlings by the end of July and execute ear manuer; Water starch management is grown to the master to promote to tiller, and keeps shoaling layer tillering stage, and in time put the field by the end of July, but must gently put, be standard not fall into pin, be main with intermittent irrigation later on, begin field, back water starch management in ear differentiation and combine with the florescence adjusting.
6. based on the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the Japonica Hybrid machine transplanting of rice seedling seed farm prediction florescence; Mainly take young fringe to grow method and leaf age method of residues; Require male parent to ear 1-2 days maternal morning, guarantee that this full-bloom stage of father and mother meets entirely, the maternal heading of Japonica Hybrid machine transplanting of rice seedling seed farm is concentrated; General differentiation 2-3 phase male parent should be than the Zao first phase of female parent, and 4 after dates remain basically stable; Since young fringe differentiation on August 5, whenever dissimilar fields piece is shelled this ear differentiation of father and mother progress of looking at a distance from 3 days, side controls with nitrogenous fertilizer immediately to inclined to one side morning one; A slow partially side then promotes with phosphorus potash fertilizer; Also can utilize the male parent characteristic responsive to reaction of moisture, male parent is draining dry field then early, controls its growth; Male parent then keeps 2 cun profundal zones late, promotes to grow; If ear differentiation later stage male parent is beaten potassium dihydrogen phosphate and is impelled it early to ear still slower.
7. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; This plant and leaf shape of Japonica Hybrid combination father and mother is compact, sword-like leave uprightly is fit to machinery and cuts leaf; When father and mother originally are about to ear, use garden trimming machine to prescind the 1/2-2/3 of this sword-like leave of father and mother, under the good situation of this flower synchronization of father and mother, spray gibberellin then; Carry out the tractor speed change behind the beginning fringe and catch up with pollen, speed is between 10-20 kilometer/hour, and speed combines; To guarantee back and forth twice the male parent pollen amount of upspringing; Balanced maternal individual plant both sides ripening rate, a tractor is respectively driven on both sides when catching up with powder, rope and weigh down a weight on the middle bolt; To treat when wherein catching up with pollen first that female parent has the number of blooming the same day to be no less than at 30% o'clock and can carry out; Ning Chi did not early carry out every day 3-4 time at least 20 minutes later at interval again; Finished as far as possible late the same day for the last time, and mechanical speed change catches up with powder can improve ripening rate more than 10%.
8. based on the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that harvesting will accomplish to cut earlier male parent; After cut female parent, hold in both hands out after the male parent harvesting, again in female parent impurity elimination repeatedly in the ranks; And after removing male parent and leaving over spike of rice, just can cut female parent, the maternal blue or green bar of Japonica Hybrid seed farm is lived ripe; Can when gathering in, be raised to the fringe neck by the edge of a knife, can reduce and mix, effectively improve purity with Kubo field harvester; The machine oven dry is in time gone up in the harvesting back, guarantee not mechanical admixture, and temperature is no more than 38 degree, and moisture is dried to below 14%.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105454033A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-06 | 安徽省中日农业环保科技有限公司 | Planting method of hybrid rice |
| CN105557110A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-11 | 安徽省中日农业环保科技有限公司 | Hybrid rice pest and disease prevention planting technology |
| JP2017023031A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-02-02 | 株式会社水稲生産技術研究所 | Cultivation method for hybrid rice seed production |
| CN108849333A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-23 | 定远县鑫理想农业科技有限公司 | A kind of high yield paddy rice planting method |
| CN111264322A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-12 | 四川农业大学 | Method for judging flower-season crossing of hybrid rice parents in mechanical transplanting seed production based on poor planting period |
| CN112042528A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-12-08 | 上海市农业科学院 | Mechanical powder removing method for hybrid japonica rice |
| CN112042527A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-12-08 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for male parent and female parent flower time meeting in hybrid japonica rice seed production |
| CN112136686A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-12-29 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for pollinating japonica hybrid rice by mechanical assistance |
| CN112189400A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-08 | 上海市农业科学院 | Seed quality control method for hybrid japonica rice |
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| CN101697708A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-04-28 | 天津天隆农业科技有限公司 | Method for producing seeds of japonica hybrid rice |
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| CN101697708A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-04-28 | 天津天隆农业科技有限公司 | Method for producing seeds of japonica hybrid rice |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017023031A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-02-02 | 株式会社水稲生産技術研究所 | Cultivation method for hybrid rice seed production |
| CN105454033A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-06 | 安徽省中日农业环保科技有限公司 | Planting method of hybrid rice |
| CN105557110A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-11 | 安徽省中日农业环保科技有限公司 | Hybrid rice pest and disease prevention planting technology |
| CN108849333A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-23 | 定远县鑫理想农业科技有限公司 | A kind of high yield paddy rice planting method |
| CN111264322A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-12 | 四川农业大学 | Method for judging flower-season crossing of hybrid rice parents in mechanical transplanting seed production based on poor planting period |
| CN111264322B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2022-01-21 | 四川农业大学 | Method for judging flower-season crossing of hybrid rice parents in mechanical transplanting seed production based on poor planting period |
| CN112042528A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-12-08 | 上海市农业科学院 | Mechanical powder removing method for hybrid japonica rice |
| CN112042527A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-12-08 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for male parent and female parent flower time meeting in hybrid japonica rice seed production |
| CN112136686A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-12-29 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for pollinating japonica hybrid rice by mechanical assistance |
| CN112189400A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-08 | 上海市农业科学院 | Seed quality control method for hybrid japonica rice |
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