CN105538154A - Testing method of continuous scratching interference behavior of single abrasive grain of black metal test piece pre-repaired by CBN tool - Google Patents
Testing method of continuous scratching interference behavior of single abrasive grain of black metal test piece pre-repaired by CBN tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN105538154A CN105538154A CN201610077954.1A CN201610077954A CN105538154A CN 105538154 A CN105538154 A CN 105538154A CN 201610077954 A CN201610077954 A CN 201610077954A CN 105538154 A CN105538154 A CN 105538154A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/006—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/10—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving electrical means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testing method of a continuous scratching interference behavior of a single abrasive grain of a black metal test piece pre-repaired by a CBN tool and belongs to the fields of material performance testing and precise and ultra-precise machining during machining. Due to the fact that the black metal test piece is fixed to an electric main shaft and subjected to online dynamic balance; then the CBN tool is adopted for repairing a disk of the test piece, and the requirements for end face bouncing and roughness required for testing are met; a tool bit with the top end fixedly connected with the single abrasive grain is installed through replacement, and tool setting is performed in the replacement process; finally, a scratching test is started, the test piece rotates at an assigned speed, the tool bit performs radial feeding at assigned cutting depth, interference spiral scratches are formed on the end face of the test piece, and a measurement system acquires scratching force, an acoustic emission signal and other physical quantity in the process. The method can simulate the interference behavior between abrasive grains in the high-speed grinding process. A relevant testing result can be used for deep research of a grinding mechanism and optimization of grinding parameters.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the material properties test in machining and precise and ultraprecise machining field, be specifically related to single the abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing that ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by a kind of CBN cutter.
Background technology
Grinding process can be regarded as abrasive surface and arranges uneven in a large number, the working angles that the irregular different abrasive particle that distributes completes jointly.In scientific research, often complicated phenomenon is abstracted into a kind of pattern of simplification, inquires into the problem of some essence.The shear action forming the tiny abrasive particle of emery wheel is the basis of grinding, and single abrasive grain cutting, as the basic model of grinding, becomes a kind of important means of the complicated ablation of understanding.In actual grinding process, abrasive particle on the grinding tools such as emery wheel interferes on the same position of machined surface, abrasive particle is made to remove the complex forms of material, therefore in abrasive machining the formation of machined surface often many abrasive grain cuttings on same position, plough the result of plough or scratching effect, therefore study many abrasive particles interference effect from the teeth outwards, to the chip formation mechanism of the power analyzed in grinding process, temperature, material and workpiece machining surface quality, there is important directive significance.
Many scholars have experimentally done a large amount of work single abrasive particle scratching; relevant test method and device thereof are developed; but due to the shortcoming of research technique and experimental rig; all do not consider the impact that many abrasive particles are interfered mutually; the research that many abrasive particles are interfered mutually also rests on simulation stage mostly; material as utilized Boolean calculation to emulate abrasive particle interventional procedures is removed, or utilizes numerical value emulation method to carry out modeling analysis to the interventional procedures of many abrasive particles.Also the device of a small amount of research many mutual interference effects of abrasive particle is had, as many abrasive particles are arranged with certain relative angle and radial spacing, the effect of interfering is produced when scratching, but the arrangement error comparatively large (resolution ratio 10 μm) of many abrasive particles on radial spacing, therefore when many abrasive particles interfere, the control accuracy of actual amount of interference is not higher than 10 μm, therefore the interference testing of some large scales (being greater than 100 μm) abrasive particle can only be carried out, device structure is complicated simultaneously, adjustment process depends on the experience of operator to a great extent, do not realize automation adjustment and position feedback control, thus be difficult to realize the test of high-precision act of interference.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, provide single the abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing that ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by a kind of CBN cutter, dish and precise motion FEEDBACK CONTROL is repaiied in conjunction with Ultra-precision Turning, utilize single abrasive particle can make the scratching act of interference of many abrasive particles, device structure is simple, and the control accuracy of abrasive particle amount of interference is high; Dependence test result may be used for the further investigation of grinding mechanism and grinding skin forming process, thus optimizes grinding parameter, improves the quality of products.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A single abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing for ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by CBN cutter, comprising:
1) be fixed on electro spindle by ferrous metal test specimen, test specimen rotates by electro spindle; On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to this test specimen;
2) adopt CBN single point cutter to repair dish to this test specimen, be better than IT1 level to form end face run-out amount in surface of test piece, what surface average roughness Ra was better than 10nm repaiies disk area, and concrete steps are as follows:
2-1) dish is repaiied in the roughing of CBN single point cutter: vertical turning pattern, while repairing dish, CBN single point cutter and test specimen are cooled, the range of speeds of repairing test specimen during dish is 2000 ~ 10000rpm, CBN single point cutter outside test specimen with the cutting-in of 10 ~ 50 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4 ~ 1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is 1/4 ~ 1/2 of test specimen diameter;
2-2) dish is repaiied in the fine finishining of CBN single point cutter: vertical turning pattern, while repairing dish, CBN single point cutter and test specimen are cooled, the range of speeds of repairing test specimen during dish is 2000 ~ 10000rpm, CBN single point cutter outside test specimen with the cutting-in of 2 ~ 10 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.1 ~ 0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is 1/4 ~ 1/2 of test specimen diameter;
3) CBN single point cutter touching tool setting gauge, determines the difference in height h repairing disk area and tool setting gauge tool setting plane
0; CBN single point cutter is replaced by the tool heads that top is connected with single abrasive particle, the abrasive particle on tool heads top touching tool setting gauge, then axial direction tool heads rotated along test specimen moves h
0+ δ, is positioned at test specimen to make the abrasive particle on tool heads top and repaiies δ place above disk area, complete tool setting;
4) tool heads is moved to directly over the scratching point repairing disk area, and move down δ+a
pto make the scratching degree of depth for a
p; According to the scratching radius R at the scratching speed v that need test and scratching point place, pass through
the setting speed n of calculation testing piece; According to the interference ratio ρ that need test, the arc radius r of single abrasive particle, scratching degree of depth a
p, pass through
the radial feed speed s of computational tool head; Test specimen rotates according to setting speed n, and tool heads is according to radial feed speed s and scratching degree of depth a
palong test specimen radial feed, repairing disk area scratching and formed the cut of predetermined interference degrees to make abrasive particle; While scratching, tool heads and test specimen are cooled; Measuring system by being connected with tool heads in this process gathers the data in scratching process.
In one embodiment: described step 4) in, tool heads is according to radial feed speed s and scratching degree of depth a
palong while test specimen radial feed along the direction feeding of test specimen rotation.
In one embodiment: described abrasive particle is diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics, abrasive particle shape is spherical, conical or polygonal pyramid shape; This abrasive particle is fixed in tool heads top by mechanical grip, plating or soldering; Described tool heads is pressure head.
In one embodiment: described measuring system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, comprise dynamometer, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier that mutual signal connects; Described tool heads is connected with acoustic emission system with dynamometer.
In one embodiment: the intrinsic frequency of described dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N; The sample rate of described data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
In one embodiment: described test specimen is disc; Described step 2) in, when repairing dish, the feeding distance of CBN cutter is less than test specimen radius, described in repair disk area be annular.
In one embodiment: described tool heads is all better than 0.1 μm in the positioning precision of the axial direction rotated along test specimen and radial direction movement, this positioning precision coordinates control by displacement transducer and corresponding position feedback system.
In one embodiment: the positioning precision of described tool setting gauge is better than 0.1 μm.
In one embodiment: described cut is continuous helical shape cut, and the cut number of turns is greater than 3.
In one embodiment: described tool heads axis being parallel is in test specimen rotation.
Apart from outside explanation, the connected mode between the single processing procedure of each device involved in the present invention and each device is this area routine techniques, is not described in detail at this.
The technical program is compared with background technology, and its tool has the following advantages:
1. the high precision measurement method of single abrasive particle scratching act of interference disclosed in this invention, utilize single abrasive particle can make the scratching act of interference of many abrasive particles, can be used for research single abrasive particle act of interference under the different scratching degree of depth, different interference degrees, different scratching speed, due to be continuous scratching can accurate stable collect scratching force signal; Device structure is simple, and the control accuracy of abrasive particle amount of interference is high; Dependence test result may be used for the further investigation of grinding mechanism and grinding skin forming process, thus optimizes grinding parameter, improves the quality of products.
2. the present invention carries out on-line dynamic balancing to main shaft-sample system, avoids the significantly end face run-out in high-speed rotation or circular runout, thus keeps the stable contact condition between abrasive particle and test specimen; Simultaneously, CBN lathe tool Ultraprecision Machining is utilized to carry out on-line machining to test specimen, improve form accuracy and the surface smoothness of test specimen simultaneously, improve test specimen rotating accuracy and grain motion precision, thus ensure that the relative motion precision between abrasive particle and test specimen, coordinate dynamic balancing, further ensure between abrasive particle and test specimen and wipe in distance can contact continually and steadily at comparatively dash, thus realize the high-speed, high precision scratching test of abrasive particle.
3., according to the general knowledge of this area, the machined surface quality of test specimen must be better than the surface quality that relevant grinding process obtains, and preferably exceed an order of magnitude, the cut test result obtained could be used for the analysis of grinding process cutting mechanisms; Because the present invention improves the quality of surface of test piece greatly, therefore, it is possible to meet the requirement of the high accuracy analysis such as grinding process cutting mechanisms, can be used for the research of Material Removal Mechanism in process of friction and wear and grinding.
4. the abrasive particle scratching degree of depth is greater than the stability of more than 5 times guarantee scratchings of surface of test piece fluctuating quantity; because the present invention improves the quality of surface of test piece greatly; surface of test piece precision and fineness good; even the abrasive particle of small grain size also can realize stable high accuracy scratching; therefore may be used for single abrasive particle scratching test of small grain size abrasive particle; having expanded range of application of the present invention further, is also the very big promotion to the industry single abrasive particle scratching experimental technique.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is method of testing principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that of the present invention repairing coils Principle of Process schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is act of interference schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the contrast of repairing surface of test piece three-dimensional appearance before and after dish in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and wherein Fig. 4 a is (through conventional finish turning processes) before repairing dish, and Fig. 4 b is for after repairing dish.
Fig. 5 is the contrast of repairing surface of test piece end face run-out amount before and after dish in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and wherein Fig. 5 a is (through conventional finish turning processes) before repairing dish, and its end face run-out amount maximum can reach 17.9 μm; Fig. 5 b is for after repairing dish, and its end face run-out amount maximum is 2.8 μm.
Fig. 6 affects schematic diagram on cutting force under difference interferes ratio ρ in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 7 is the three-dimensional appearance figure that in the embodiment of the present invention 2, abrasive particle interferes cut.
Fig. 8 is the two-dimensional appearance figure that in the embodiment of the present invention 2, abrasive particle interferes cut.
Fig. 9 is single the abrasive particle continuous scratching test result schematic diagram repaiied disk area in comparative example of the present invention and do not repair disk area.
Reference numeral: test specimen 1, tool heads 2, repaiies disk area 3, tool setting gauge 4, CBN lathe tool 5.
Detailed description of the invention
Content of the present invention is illustrated below by embodiment:
Embodiment 1
Single the abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by a kind of CBN (cubic boron nitride) cutter, and the device adopted comprises:
Lathe, disc ferrous metal test specimen 1 is installed on the electro spindle of lathe, and test specimen 1 rotates by electro spindle;
Dynamic balance instrument, for carrying out on-line dynamic balancing to test specimen 1;
CBN single point cutter is CBN single-point lathe tool 5, for repairing dish to test specimen 1 end face; This CBN single-point lathe tool 5 is installed in support dismantledly, and is installed in lathe movably by support;
Tool heads 2, for carrying out scratching test; This tool heads 2 top is connected with the abrasive particle of single; This tool heads 2 can be installed in support with replacing mounting or dismounting mutually with CBN single point cutter, and is installed in lathe movably by support; Tool heads 2 axis being parallel is in test specimen 1 rotation, tool heads 2 at the axial direction of test specimen 1 rotation and can move in the radial direction, and being all better than 0.1 μm in the positioning precision of both direction, this positioning precision coordinates control to ensure by grating scale and corresponding position feedback system thereof;
Tool setting gauge 4, for carrying out tool setting to CBN single point cutter and tool heads 2, positioning precision is better than 0.1 μm; Be installed in lathe, and and relative position between test specimen 1 keep fixing;
Measuring system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, comprises dynamometer, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier that mutual signal connects; This tool heads 2 is connected with acoustic emission system with dynamometer; Data acquisition card signal connects computer; The intrinsic frequency of dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N; The sample rate of data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
Air-cooler, for the CBN single point cutter repaiied in dish process and test specimen, and tool heads in scratching process and test specimen blow cooling.
Concrete method of testing is as follows:
1) be fixed on the electro spindle of lathe by the 45 steel disc test specimens 1 of diameter 320mm, thickness 20mm by the mode such as magnetic suction disc or mechanical clamp, test specimen 1 rotates by electro spindle; With dynamic balance instrument, on-line dynamic balancing is carried out to this test specimen 1, to reduce the vibration of test specimen 1 when High Rotation Speed, thus ensure that in scratching process, abrasive particle can stably contact with test specimen 1;
2) CBN single-point lathe tool 5 is adopted to repair dish to this test specimen 1, first carry out roughing, carry out fine finishining again, to form end face run-out amount 5.1 μm on test specimen 1 surface, the annular of surface average roughness Ra 4.57nm repaiies disk area 3, to reduce test specimen 1 end face run-out amount, improves surface quality, in further guarantee scratching process, abrasive particle can stably contact with test specimen 1, and concrete steps are as follows:
2-1) dish is repaiied in the roughing of CBN single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, open cold blower fan while repairing dish, cold wind aligning CBN single-point lathe tool 5 and test specimen 1 are cooled, the rotating speed repairing test specimen 1 during dish is 3000rpm, CBN single-point lathe tool 5 outside test specimen 1 with the cutting-in of 15 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4 ~ 1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is 110mm;
2-2) dish is repaiied in the fine finishining of CBN single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, open cold blower fan while repairing dish, cold wind aligning CBN single-point lathe tool 5 and test specimen 1 are cooled, the rotating speed repairing test specimen 1 during dish is 3000rpm, CBN single-point lathe tool 5 outside test specimen 1 with the cutting-in of 2 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.1 ~ 0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is 110mm;
The contrast of repairing test specimen 1 three-dimensional surface shape and end face run-out amount before and after dish is shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 respectively;
3) tool setting gauge 4 touched by CBN single-point lathe tool 5, determines the difference in height h repairing disk area 3 and tool setting gauge 4 tool setting plane
0; CBN single-point lathe tool 5 is taken off from support, be replaced by the tool heads 2 that top soldering has the spherical wear particles of single radius 0.1mm, tool heads 2 top is gradually near tool setting gauge 4, when measuring system data produce sudden change, the abrasive particle on representational tool head 2 top just touches tool setting gauge 4 tool setting plane, then axial direction tool heads 2 rotated along test specimen moves h
0+ δ, is positioned at test specimen 1 to make the abrasive particle on tool heads 2 top and repaiies δ place above disk area 3, complete tool setting, thus can accurately control the scratching degree of depth when ensureing follow-up test;
4) every test parameter is calculated:
According to the scratching radius R (mm) at the scratching speed v (m/s) that need test and scratching point place, pass through
the setting speed n of calculation testing piece 1;
Among the present embodiment, the scratching speed v of required test gets 30 ~ 80m/s, the radius that annular repaiies disk area is 50 ~ 160mm, repair the radius carrying out scratching test in disk area be also set to 50 ~ 160mm at this, get a suitable median 5000rpm as rotating speed n using the range of speeds of this scratching speed and radius calculation testing piece; With this understanding, the scratching radius R that the scratching speed of 30m/s is corresponding is scratching radius R corresponding to the scratching speed of 57.3mm, 80m/s is 152.7mm;
Interference degrees is generally with interfering ratio ρ (mm/r
2) characterize, interfere ratio to be defined as:
Wherein, s (mm/r) often turns the amount of feeding along test specimen radial direction, for the radial feed speed of characterization tool head for tool heads; L (mm) is scratching width; The arc radius that r (mm) is single abrasive particle, arc radius is the radius of the circular arc of the two-dimensional section of abrasive particle, and when abrasive particle is spherical, arc radius is equal with abrasive particle radius; a
p(mm) be the scratching degree of depth;
According to the interference ratio ρ that need test, the arc radius r of single abrasive particle and scratching degree of depth a
p, utilize the defined formula of above-mentioned interference ratio, pass through
calculate the radial feed speed s of tool heads;
Among the present embodiment, the interference ratio ρ of required test is set to 25%, 50%, 75% respectively; The arc radius r of single spherical wear particles is 0.1mm; Scratching degree of depth a
pbe set to 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm respectively, calculate corresponding s value respectively.
As required, in scratching process, tool heads can be adjusted and make its axis direction upper feeding rotated at test specimen 1, make scratching degree of depth a
pchange, the scratching degree of depth a of two adjacent rings cut
pdifference count h, thus the act of interference of single abrasive particle under the different scratching degree of depth can be studied; In the present embodiment, h=0.
Tool heads 2 level is moved to directly over the setting scratching point repairing disk area 3, and moves down δ+a
pto reach setting scratching degree of depth a
p; Open cold blower fan, makes cold wind alignment tools head and test specimen cool; Test specimen 1 rotates according to above-mentioned setting speed n=5000rpm, and tool heads 2 is according to the radial feed speed s set and scratching degree of depth a
palong test specimen 1 radial feed, in conjunction with the rotation of test specimen 1, to make abrasive particle repair the continuous helical shape cut that disk area 3 scratching formation interference ratio is ρ, the cut number of turns is greater than 3; Gathered the data in scratching process by the dynamometer that is connected with tool heads 2 and acoustic emission system in scratching process, and transfer to data collecting card by signal amplifier, transfer to computer again to calculate, the physical quantitys such as scratching power, acoustic emission signal can be obtained, for studying the act of interference under above-mentioned various condition.
Under the difference interference ratio ρ adopting said method to obtain on the impact of cutting force as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 2
1) be fixed on the electro spindle of lathe by the 45 steel disc test specimens 1 of diameter 140mm, thickness 20mm by the mode such as magnetic suction disc or mechanical clamp, test specimen 1 rotates by electro spindle; With dynamic balance instrument, on-line dynamic balancing is carried out to this test specimen 1, to reduce the vibration of test specimen 1 when High Rotation Speed, thus ensure that in scratching process, abrasive particle can stably contact with test specimen 1;
2) CBN single-point lathe tool 5 is adopted to repair dish to this test specimen 1, first carry out roughing, carry out fine finishining again, to form end face run-out amount 5.1 μm on test specimen 1 surface, the annular of surface average roughness Ra 4.57nm repaiies disk area 3, to reduce test specimen 1 end face run-out amount, improves surface quality, in further guarantee scratching process, abrasive particle can stably contact with test specimen 1, and concrete steps are as follows:
2-1) dish is repaiied in the roughing of CBN single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, open cold blower fan while repairing dish, cold wind aligning CBN single-point lathe tool 5 and test specimen 1 are cooled, the rotating speed repairing test specimen 1 during dish is 3000rpm, CBN single-point lathe tool 5 outside test specimen 1 with the cutting-in of 15 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4 ~ 1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is 40mm;
2-2) dish is repaiied in the fine finishining of CBN single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, open cold blower fan while repairing dish, cold wind aligning CBN single-point lathe tool 5 and test specimen 1 are cooled, the rotating speed repairing test specimen 1 during dish is 3000rpm, CBN single-point lathe tool 5 outside test specimen 1 with the cutting-in of 2 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.1 ~ 0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is 40mm;
3) tool setting gauge 4 touched by CBN single-point lathe tool 5, determines the difference in height h repairing disk area 3 and tool setting gauge 4 tool setting plane
0; CBN single-point lathe tool 5 is taken off from support, be replaced by the tool heads 2 that top soldering has the spherical wear particles of single radius 0.2mm, tool heads 2 top is gradually near tool setting gauge 4, when measuring system data produce sudden change, the abrasive particle on representational tool head 2 top just touches tool setting gauge 4 tool setting plane, then axial direction tool heads 2 rotated along test specimen moves h
0+ δ, is positioned at test specimen 1 to make the abrasive particle on tool heads 2 top and repaiies δ place above disk area 3, complete tool setting, thus can accurately control the scratching degree of depth when ensureing follow-up test;
4) every test parameter is calculated:
According to the scratching radius R (mm) at the scratching speed v (m/s) that need test and scratching point place, pass through
the setting speed n of calculation testing piece 1;
Among the present embodiment, the scratching speed v of required test gets 10 ~ 20m/s, the radius that annular repaiies disk area is 30 ~ 70mm, repair the radius carrying out scratching test in disk area be also set to 30 ~ 70mm at this, get a suitable median 3000rpm as rotating speed n using the range of speeds of this scratching speed and radius calculation testing piece; With this understanding, the scratching radius R that the scratching speed of 10m/s is corresponding is scratching radius R corresponding to the scratching speed of 31.8mm, 20m/s is 63.6mm;
According to the interference ratio ρ that need test, the arc radius r of single abrasive particle and scratching degree of depth a
p, pass through
calculate the radial feed speed s of tool heads;
Among the present embodiment, the interference ratio ρ of required test is set to 25%, 50%, 75% respectively; The arc radius r of single spherical wear particles is 0.2mm; Scratching degree of depth a
pbe set to 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm respectively, calculate corresponding s value; The axis direction that tool heads rotates along test specimen with the speed of 5 μm/s while with s radial feed to lower feeding, to make the scratching degree of depth a of two adjacent rings cut
pdifference h=0.1 μm.
Tool heads 2 level is moved to directly over the setting scratching point repairing disk area 3, and moves down δ+a
pto reach setting scratching degree of depth a
p; Open cold blower fan, makes cold wind alignment tools head and test specimen cool; Test specimen 1 rotates according to above-mentioned setting speed n=3000rpm, and tool heads 2 is according to the radial feed speed s set and scratching degree of depth a
palong test specimen 1 radial feed, simultaneously with the speed axial feed of 5 μm/s, in conjunction with the rotation of test specimen 1, to make abrasive particle repair the continuous helical shape cut that disk area 3 scratching formation interference ratio is ρ, the cut number of turns is greater than 3; Gathered the data in scratching process by the dynamometer that is connected with tool heads 2 and acoustic emission system in scratching process, and transfer to data collecting card by signal amplifier, transfer to computer again to calculate, the physical quantitys such as scratching power, acoustic emission signal can be obtained, for studying the act of interference under above-mentioned various condition.
The three-dimensional appearance of the abrasive particle interference cut adopting said method to obtain and two-dimensional appearance are respectively as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
In the embodiment of the present invention, for ease of describing, single abrasive particle is spherical, but not as limit, abrasive particle shape can also be taper shape or polygonal pyramid shape etc., the arc radius r of taper abrasive particle is the round end radius of taper abrasive particle, can buy the taper abrasive particle that round end radius does not wait at 50 μm ~ 1mm on the market; Abrasive particle can be diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics; This abrasive particle is fixed in tool heads top by mechanical grip, plating or soldering; Described tool heads can be pressure head or other fixed grain form.
As required, the parameter of repairing dish adjusts and carries out one or many in following scope repaiies dish, can form end face run-out amount be better than IT1 level in surface of test piece, and what surface average roughness Ra was better than 10nm repaiies disk area:
2-1) dish is repaiied in the roughing of CBN single point cutter: vertical turning pattern, while repairing dish, CBN single point cutter and test specimen are cooled, the range of speeds of repairing test specimen during dish is 2000 ~ 10000rpm, CBN single point cutter outside test specimen with the cutting-in of 10 ~ 50 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4 ~ 1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is 1/4 ~ 1/2 of test specimen diameter;
2-2) dish is repaiied in the fine finishining of CBN single point cutter: vertical turning pattern, while repairing dish, CBN single point cutter and test specimen are cooled, the range of speeds of repairing test specimen during dish is 2000 ~ 10000rpm, CBN single point cutter outside test specimen with the cutting-in of 2 ~ 10 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.1 ~ 0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is 1/4 ~ 1/2 of test specimen diameter.
Comparative example
It should be noted that, test condition in this comparative example is set to not interfere between adjacent cut, so that the difference of paired observation cut form, scratching effect, but this comparative example still can reflect the act of interference test adopting method of testing of the present invention can realize high-speed, high precision.
Get ferrous metal test specimen, after conventional finish turning processes, surface of test piece is divided into two regions, one of them region carries out repairing dish according to dish step of repairing of the present invention, make its surface quality reach end face run-out amount and be better than IT1 level, surface average roughness Ra is better than 10nm, is designated as and repaiies disk area; Another region does not carry out repairing dish, is designated as and does not repair disk area.
Method of testing of the present invention is adopted by above-mentioned test specimen to carry out single the continuous scratching of abrasive particle, cut is formed repairing disk area and do not repair in disk area under same test parameter, scratch depth is very little, micron order can be reached, its comparing result as shown in Figure 9, can find out, when scratch depth is very little, the cut repairing disk area forms coherent spirality, distribute in uniform intervals, detect its depth direction error and be less than 1 μm/1mm, show that abrasive particle and test specimen are wiped in distance and all can be contacted continually and steadily repairing the comparatively dash in disk area, thus may be used for the high-speed, high precision scratching act of interference test of abrasive particle, and the cut not repairing disk area can not form coherent spirality, differ in cut interval, the cut depth, scratch width all have macroscopic otherness, show cannot contact continually and steadily between abrasive particle and test specimen, more cannot be used for the high-speed, high precision scratching act of interference test of abrasive particle.
The above, be only present pre-ferred embodiments, therefore can not limit scope of the invention process according to this, the equivalence change namely done according to the scope of the claims of the present invention and description with modify, all should still belong in scope that the present invention contains.
Claims (10)
1. a single abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing for ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by CBN cutter, it is characterized in that: comprising:
1) be fixed on electro spindle by ferrous metal test specimen, test specimen rotates by electro spindle; On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to this test specimen;
2) adopt CBN single point cutter to repair dish to this test specimen, be better than IT1 level to form end face run-out amount in surface of test piece, what surface average roughness Ra was better than 10nm repaiies disk area, and concrete steps are as follows:
2-1) dish is repaiied in the roughing of CBN single point cutter: vertical turning pattern, while repairing dish, CBN single point cutter and test specimen are cooled, the range of speeds of repairing test specimen during dish is 2000 ~ 10000rpm, CBN single point cutter outside test specimen with the cutting-in of 10 ~ 50 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4 ~ 1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is 1/4 ~ 1/2 of test specimen diameter;
2-2) dish is repaiied in the fine finishining of CBN single point cutter: vertical turning pattern, while repairing dish, CBN single point cutter and test specimen are cooled, the range of speeds of repairing test specimen during dish is 2000 ~ 10000rpm, CBN single point cutter outside test specimen with the cutting-in of 2 ~ 10 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.1 ~ 0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is 1/4 ~ 1/2 of test specimen diameter;
3) CBN single point cutter touching tool setting gauge, determines the difference in height h repairing disk area and tool setting gauge tool setting plane
0; CBN single point cutter is replaced by the tool heads that top is connected with single abrasive particle, the abrasive particle on tool heads top touching tool setting gauge, then axial direction tool heads rotated along test specimen moves h
0+ δ, is positioned at test specimen to make the abrasive particle on tool heads top and repaiies δ place above disk area, complete tool setting;
4) tool heads is moved to directly over the scratching point repairing disk area, and move down δ+a
pto make the scratching degree of depth for a
p; According to the scratching radius R at the scratching speed v that need test and scratching point place, pass through
the setting speed n of calculation testing piece; According to the interference ratio ρ that need test, the arc radius r of single abrasive particle, scratching degree of depth a
p, pass through
the radial feed speed s of computational tool head; Test specimen rotates according to setting speed n, and tool heads is according to radial feed speed s and scratching degree of depth a
palong test specimen radial feed, repairing disk area scratching and formed the cut of predetermined interference degrees to make abrasive particle; While scratching, tool heads and test specimen are cooled; Measuring system by being connected with tool heads in this process gathers the data in scratching process.
2. single the abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by a kind of CBN cutter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 4) in, tool heads is according to radial feed speed s and scratching degree of depth a
palong while test specimen radial feed along the direction feeding of test specimen rotation.
3. single the abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by a kind of CBN cutter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described abrasive particle is diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics, abrasive particle shape is spherical, conical or polygonal pyramid shape; This abrasive particle is fixed in tool heads top by mechanical grip, plating or soldering; Described tool heads is pressure head.
4. single the abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by a kind of CBN cutter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described measuring system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, comprise dynamometer, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier that mutual signal connects; Described tool heads is connected with acoustic emission system with dynamometer.
5. single the abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by a kind of CBN cutter according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the intrinsic frequency of described dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N; The sample rate of described data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
6. single the abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by a kind of CBN cutter according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described test specimen is disc; Described step 2) in, when repairing dish, the feeding distance of CBN cutter is less than test specimen radius, described in repair disk area be annular.
7. single the abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by a kind of CBN cutter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tool heads is all better than 0.1 μm in the positioning precision of the axial direction rotated along test specimen and radial direction movement, this positioning precision coordinates control by displacement transducer and corresponding position feedback system.
8. single the abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by a kind of CBN cutter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the positioning precision of described tool setting gauge is better than 0.1 μm.
9. single the abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by a kind of CBN cutter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cut is continuous helical shape cut, and the cut number of turns is greater than 3.
10. single the abrasive particle continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of ferrous metal test specimen repaiied in advance by a kind of CBN cutter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tool heads axis being parallel is in test specimen rotation.
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