CN105434591A - 一种活血通络的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- CN105434591A CN105434591A CN201511033765.6A CN201511033765A CN105434591A CN 105434591 A CN105434591 A CN 105434591A CN 201511033765 A CN201511033765 A CN 201511033765A CN 105434591 A CN105434591 A CN 105434591A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种活血通络的中药制剂,其包括:金樱子、鹿角胶、元胡、莲子心、金银花、雪里开、青葙子、蕤仁、毛诃子、泽兰、黄芪,本发明还公开了上述中药制剂的制备方法。采用此种中药制剂在活血通络方面具有疗效好、成本低、治愈率高、无不良反应等优点。本发明能够迅速缓解气血失调、痰瘀作祟的症状,能够活血通络、祛风化痰,且制作工艺简便、毒副作用小、易于制造且原材料便宜、制备方法简单,具有很好的活血通络功效,尤其适合应用于缺血性脑卒中的病后护理,可大量运用于临床实践中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医用配制品,尤其涉及一种用于活血通络的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
脑卒中是严重危害人类健康和生命安全的常见的难治性疾病,祖国医学将其列为“风、痨、臌、膈”四大疑难病之首。脑卒中的病人,因各种诱发因素引起脑内动脉狭窄、闭塞或破裂,而造成急性脑血液循环障碍。脑卒中分为缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中。缺血性脑中卒包括现代医学的短暂性脑缺血发作,脑栓塞和脑血栓形成,具有很高的发病率、致残率、病死率和复发率,是严重危害人类健康的脑血管疾病之一,给患者带来极大痛苦,家庭及社会负担沉重。
目前,脑卒中的发病年龄趋向年轻化,是威胁人类生命和生活质量的重大疾患。其常留有程度不同的偏瘫、麻木、言语不利、口舌歪斜、痴呆等后遗症状。目前,临床上以中型治疗为主,适当给予甘露醇和地塞米松,对降低颅内压,减轻脑水肿、消除自由基,增加脑组织对缺氧的耐受性,促进病变脑组织功能恢复有良好作用。但存在着治疗周期长、效果不理想的不足,常见的中药配方见效缓慢,而西药只能暂时性缓解,治标不治本,且费用昂贵。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供一种毒副作用小、具有极佳的活血通络效果且成本低、复发率低的中药制剂。
本发明采用的技术方案是:一种活血通络的中药制剂,所述中药制剂的各组份为金樱子、鹿角胶、元胡、莲子心、金银花、雪里开、青葙子、蕤仁、毛诃子、泽兰、黄芪。
优选的,各种组份的重量份数比为金樱子25-35份、鹿角胶15-25份、元胡15-25份、莲子心10-20份、金银花10-20份、雪里开5-15份、青葙子5-15份、蕤仁5-15份、毛诃子5-15份、泽兰5-15份、黄芪5-15份。
更优选的,各种组份的重量份数比为金樱子30-35份、鹿角胶20-25份、元胡20-25份、莲子心10-15份、金银花10-15份、雪里开5-10份、青葙子5-10份、蕤仁5-10份、毛诃子5-10份、泽兰5-10份、黄芪5-10份。
其中,所述中药制剂的剂型为:薄膜衣片剂、丹剂、硬膏剂、糖浆剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、散剂、注射剂、糖衣片剂、胶囊剂。
本发明还提供了上述中药制剂的制备方法,当所述中药的剂型为胶囊剂时,包括:
第一步,金樱子、鹿角胶、元胡按比例混合,用相当于混合物质量2-3倍的醇浓度为70-80%的乙醇回流提取2-4次,合并滤液,减压浓缩、干燥并粉碎成粉末,随后用正丙醇提纯1-2次,合并提取液,减压回收正丙醇并浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.21-1.24的膏体,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将莲子心、金银花、雪里开、青葙子用醇浓度为80-90%的乙醇提取2-3次,合并提取液,减压浓缩并进行干燥、粉碎成粉末,将粉碎后的粉末加入相对于其质量为2-4倍量的水溶解,静止1-3小时,过滤,滤液减压浓缩为60℃下相对密度为1.21-1.24的膏体并干燥,粉碎成粉末;
第三步,将余下组份研成粉末按比例混合,加水煎煮2次,每次2-3小时,分别过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩成膏体并干燥,粉碎成粉末,所加入的水的质量为第三步的混合物质量的2-4倍;
第四步,将上述粉末和淀粉混合,随后进行制粒处理并干燥,得到混合物颗粒,再向混合物颗粒中加入硬脂酸镁,所述硬脂酸镁和所述混合物颗粒质量之比为0.25-100∶0.5-100,获得胶囊内容物,将所述的胶囊内容物装入胶囊壳体中即得胶囊剂。
本发明还提供了上述中药制剂的制备方法,当所述中药的剂型为注射剂时,包括:
第一步,金樱子、鹿角胶、元胡按比例混合,用相当于混合物质量2-3倍的醇浓度为70-80%的乙醇回流提取2-4次,合并滤液,减压浓缩、干燥并粉碎成粉末,随后用正丙醇提纯1-2次,合并提取液,减压回收正丙醇并浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.21-1.24的膏体,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将莲子心、金银花、雪里开、青葙子用醇浓度为80-90%的乙醇提取2-3次,合并提取液,减压浓缩并进行干燥、粉碎成粉末,将粉碎后的粉末加入相对于其质量为2-4倍量的水溶解,静止1-3小时,过滤,滤液减压浓缩为60℃下相对密度为1.21-1.24的膏体并干燥,粉碎成粉末;
第三步,将余下组份研成粉末按比例混合,加水煎煮2次,每次2-3小时,分别过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩成膏体并干燥,粉碎成粉末,所加入的水的质量为第三步的混合物质量的2-4倍;
第四步,将上述粉末混合,随后将其溶于质量为混合物2-4倍的水,搅拌下加入相对于粉末质量5%-15%的氢氧化钠助溶,过滤,加浓度为1mol/L的盐酸调节pH值为5-6,过滤,沉淀备用,滤液通过聚酰胺柱,先用水洗去杂质,随后用醇浓度为80-90%的乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,沉淀用醇浓度为80-90%的乙醇提取2次,过滤,滤液与上述洗脱液合并,回收乙醇,减压浓缩至膏体并喷雾干燥成粉末,将获得的粉末加相对于其质量1-2倍的氯化钠及注射用水适量,溶解后再进一步加注射用水至需要的体积,过滤,灌封,灭菌,获得需要的注射液。
金樱子味酸、甘、涩,性平,归肾、膀胱、大肠经,具有固精缩尿、固崩止带、涩肠止泻的功效,用于遗精滑精、遗尿尿频、崩漏带下、久泻久痢。
鹿角胶甘、咸,温,归肾、肝经,温补肝肾,益精养血。用于阳痿滑精,腰膝酸冷,虚劳赢瘦,崩漏下血,便血尿血,阴疽肿痛。
元胡,史载于《开宝本草》,性温,味辛苦,入心、脾、肝、肺,是活血化瘀、行气止痛之妙品,尤以止痛之功效而著称于世。李时珍在《本草纲目》中归纳元胡有“活血,理气,止痛,通小便”四大功效,并推崇元胡“能行血中气滞,气中血滞,故专治一身上下诸痛”。
莲子心性味苦、性寒,归心、肾经,清心安神,交通心肾,涩精止血。用于热入心包,神昏谵语,心肾不交,失眠遗精,血热吐血。
金银花味甘,性寒,归肺、心、胃经,清热解毒,凉散风热。用于痈肿疔疮,喉痹,丹毒,热毒血痢,风热感冒,温病发热。
雪里开性辛苦、温、无毒,入肺、肝、肾三经,行气活血,抗菌消炎,对头、胃、腹、肌肉及关节等疼痛均有止痛作用,亦治气管炎,疔疮肿毒,跌打损伤。
青葙子味苦、性微寒,归肝经,清肝,明目,退翳。用于肝热目赤,眼生翳膜,视物昏花,肝火眩晕。
蕤仁味甘、性寒,入心、肝、脾三经,祛风,散热,养肝,明目。治目赤肿痛,昏暗羞明,眦烂多泪,鼻衄。
毛诃子性味甘、涩、平,性味清热解毒,收敛养血,调和诸药。用于各种热症,泻痢,黄水病,肝胆病,病后虚弱。
泽兰性味苦、辛,微温,归肝、脾经,功能主治活血化瘀,行水消肿。用于月经不调,经闭,痛经,产后瘀血腹痛,水肿。
黄芪味甘、性温,归肺、脾经,补气固表,利尿托毒,排脓,敛疮生肌。用于气虚乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,久泻脱肛,便血崩漏,表虚自汗,气虚水肿,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛,血虚痿黄,内热消渴;慢性肾炎蛋白尿,糖尿病。
本发明的有益效果:
相对于现有技术中的具有活血通络效果的药物,采用本发明的中药组合物制剂在活血通络方面具有疗效好、成本低、治愈率高、无不良反应等优点。本发明能够迅速缓解气血失调、痰瘀作祟的症状,能够活血通络、祛风化痰,且制作工艺简便、毒副作用小、易于制造且原材料便宜、制备方法简单,具有很好的活血通络功效,尤其适合应用于缺血性脑卒中的病后护理,可大量运用于临床实践中。本发明使用方便,且价格低廉,使用方便,能创造较好的社会价值及经济利益。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
(一)一种活血通络的中药,由以下原料药按重量份配比而成:
金樱子30份、鹿角胶25份、元胡20份、莲子心15份、金银花15份、雪里开10份、青葙子10份、蕤仁10份、毛诃子10份、泽兰5份、黄芪5份。
(二)制备方法:
第一步,金樱子、鹿角胶、元胡按比例混合,用相当于混合物质量2-3倍的醇浓度为70-80%的乙醇回流提取2-4次,合并滤液,减压浓缩、干燥并粉碎成粉末,随后用正丙醇提纯1-2次,合并提取液,减压回收正丙醇并浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.21-1.24的膏体,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将莲子心、金银花、雪里开、青葙子用醇浓度为80-90%的乙醇提取2-3次,合并提取液,减压浓缩并进行干燥、粉碎成粉末,将粉碎后的粉末加入相对于其质量为2-4倍量的水溶解,静止1-3小时,过滤,滤液减压浓缩为60℃下相对密度为1.21-1.24的膏体并干燥,粉碎成粉末;
第三步,将余下组份研成粉末按比例混合,加水煎煮2次,每次2-3小时,分别过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩成膏体并干燥,粉碎成粉末,所加入的水的质量为第三步的混合物质量的2-4倍;
第四步,将上述粉末和淀粉混合,随后进行制粒处理并干燥,得到混合物颗粒,再向混合物颗粒中加入硬脂酸镁,所述硬脂酸镁和所述混合物颗粒质量之比为0.25-100∶0.5-100,获得胶囊内容物,将所述的胶囊内容物装入胶囊壳体中即得胶囊剂。
实施例2:
(一)一种活血通络的中药,由以下原料药按重量份配比而成:同实施例1。
(二)制备方法:
第一步,金樱子、鹿角胶、元胡按比例混合,用相当于混合物质量2-3倍的醇浓度为70-80%的乙醇回流提取2-4次,合并滤液,减压浓缩、干燥并粉碎成粉末,随后用正丙醇提纯1-2次,合并提取液,减压回收正丙醇并浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.21-1.24的膏体,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将莲子心、金银花、雪里开、青葙子用醇浓度为80-90%的乙醇提取2-3次,合并提取液,减压浓缩并进行干燥、粉碎成粉末,将粉碎后的粉末加入相对于其质量为2-4倍量的水溶解,静止1-3小时,过滤,滤液减压浓缩为60℃下相对密度为1.21-1.24的膏体并干燥,粉碎成粉末;
第三步,将余下组份研成粉末按比例混合,加水煎煮2次,每次2-3小时,分别过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩成膏体并干燥,粉碎成粉末,所加入的水的质量为第三步的混合物质量的2-4倍;
第四步,将上述粉末混合,随后将其溶于质量为混合物2-4倍的水,搅拌下加入相对于粉末质量5%-15%的氢氧化钠助溶,过滤,加浓度为1mol/L的盐酸调节pH值为5-6,过滤,沉淀备用,滤液通过聚酰胺柱,先用水洗去杂质,随后用醇浓度为80-90%的乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,沉淀用醇浓度为80-90%的乙醇提取2次,过滤,滤液与上述洗脱液合并,回收乙醇,减压浓缩至膏体并喷雾干燥成粉末,将获得的粉末加相对于其质量1-2倍的氯化钠及注射用水适量,溶解后再进一步加注射用水至需要的体积,过滤,灌封,灭菌,获得需要的注射液。
实施例3:
1、长期毒性试验过程:
应用Wistar大鼠(北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供)将实验药物设定为高、中、低三个剂量,分别为实施例1配方的胶囊剂8g/kg、4g/kg、2g/kg。按人用剂量0.1g/kg/天片计算,分别为人用有效剂量的80倍、40倍和20倍;另设一对照组,连续灌胃给药90天、180天和部分动物停药10天后,观察对大鼠各项生理、生化指标的影响。实验结果表明:用不同剂量给大鼠连续口服180天,对大鼠的进食量和体重增长均无影响。对肝肾功能均未发现明显毒性作用。对血常规、血生化、尿液生化及骨髓片等均未见明显影响,各组间与对照组比较无明显差异。
2、急性毒性试验过程:
应用ICR小鼠(北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供)40只,体重在25-30克,进行急性毒性实验。小鼠随机分为两组,即对照组、给药组,实验前禁食12小时,然后给予如实施例1制备得到的本发明的中药胶囊剂混悬液(将胶囊剂溶解在水中获得混悬液)灌胃,对给药的半数致死量(LD50)进行了试验测定,但未测到LD50,因此进行了最大耐受量试验。结果:以最大浓度(60%),最大给药量(120ml/kg,一日内份四次给完)100g/kg灌胃,相当于生药量60g/kg,相当于成人临床拟日用剂量的300倍(按75kg),七日内小鼠无一死亡,处死小鼠解剖观察各脏器未发现毒性反应,给药组与对照组小鼠无任何差异。
实施例4:
本发明的临床治疗观察如下:
(一)患者150例,其中男性90例,女性60例。
(二)诊断标准:
中医诊断标准:参照国家药品监督管理局2002年颁发的《中药新药临床研究指导原则》所载的《中药新药治疗中风病的临床研究指导原则》的标准执行。
证候诊断标准:气虚血瘀证,半身不遂,口舌歪斜,言语謇涩或不语,感觉减退或消失,面色白,气短乏力,自汗出,舌质暗淡,舌苔白腻或有齿痕,脉沉、涩或弱。
(三)治疗方法:1组:采用如实施例1制备方法制得的胶囊剂100g,分成10份,每天早晨空腹服用一份,30天为一个疗程,连续服用两个疗程;2组:采用如实施例2制备方法制得的注射剂100g,分成10份,每天早晨空腹注射一份,30天为一个疗程,连续注射两个疗程;另设一对照组。
(四)疗效评定标准:
疗效标准参照《脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准(1995)》:
基本痊愈:功能缺损程度评分减少91%-100%,病残程度为0级;
好转:功能缺损程度评分减少18%-90%;
无效:功能缺损评分低于18%或死亡。
(五)治疗结果见表1:
表1治疗结果
组别 | 治愈 | 好转 | 无效 |
对照组 | 0 | 3 | 47 |
1组 | 43 | 6 | 1 |
2组 | 48 | 2 | 0 |
实施例5:
脑卒中复发率对比试验:
经统计,实施例1组、2组复发率明显低于对照组,结果见表2。
表2三组患者治疗前后脑卒中复发率的比较
上述实施例只是为了说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的是在于让本领域内的普通技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡是根据本发明内容的实质所作出的等效的变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种活血通络的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药制剂的各组份为金樱子、鹿角胶、元胡、莲子心、金银花、雪里开、青葙子、蕤仁、毛诃子、泽兰、黄芪。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药制剂,其特征在于:各种组份的重量份数比为金樱子25-35份、鹿角胶15-25份、元胡15-25份、莲子心10-20份、金银花10-20份、雪里开5-15份、青葙子5-15份、蕤仁5-15份、毛诃子5-15份、泽兰5-15份、黄芪5-15份。
3.如权利要求1所述的中药制剂,其特征在于:各种组份的重量份数比为金樱子30-35份、鹿角胶20-25份、元胡20-25份、莲子心10-15份、金银花10-15份、雪里开5-10份、青葙子5-10份、蕤仁5-10份、毛诃子5-10份、泽兰5-10份、黄芪5-10份。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述活血通络的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型为:薄膜衣片剂、丹剂、硬膏剂、糖浆剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、散剂、注射剂、糖衣片剂、胶囊剂。
5.一种如权利要求1-3中任一项所述活血通络的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:当所述中药的剂型为胶囊剂时,包括:
第一步,金樱子、鹿角胶、元胡按比例混合,用相当于混合物质量2-3倍的醇浓度为70-80%的乙醇回流提取2-4次,合并滤液,减压浓缩、干燥并粉碎成粉末,随后用正丙醇提纯1-2次,合并提取液,减压回收正丙醇并浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.21-1.24的膏体,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将莲子心、金银花、雪里开、青葙子用醇浓度为80-90%的乙醇提取2-3次,合并提取液,减压浓缩并进行干燥、粉碎成粉末,将粉碎后的粉末加入相对于其质量为2-4倍量的水溶解,静止1-3小时,过滤,滤液减压浓缩为60℃下相对密度为1.21-1.24的膏体并干燥,粉碎成粉末;
第三步,将余下组份研成粉末按比例混合,加水煎煮2次,每次2-3小时,分别过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩成膏体并干燥,粉碎成粉末,所加入的水的质量为第三步的混合物质量的2-4倍;
第四步,将上述粉末和淀粉混合,随后进行制粒处理并干燥,得到混合物颗粒,再向混合物颗粒中加入硬脂酸镁,所述硬脂酸镁和所述混合物颗粒质量之比为0.25-100∶0.5-100,获得胶囊内容物,将所述的胶囊内容物装入胶囊壳体中即得胶囊剂。
6.一种如权利要求1-3中任一项所述活血通络的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:当所述中药的剂型为注射剂时,包括:
第一步,金樱子、鹿角胶、元胡按比例混合,用相当于混合物质量2-3倍的醇浓度为70-80%的乙醇回流提取2-4次,合并滤液,减压浓缩、干燥并粉碎成粉末,随后用正丙醇提纯1-2次,合并提取液,减压回收正丙醇并浓缩至60℃下相对密度为1.21-1.24的膏体,干燥并粉碎成粉末;
第二步,将莲子心、金银花、雪里开、青葙子用醇浓度为80-90%的乙醇提取2-3次,合并提取液,减压浓缩并进行干燥、粉碎成粉末,将粉碎后的粉末加入相对于其质量为2-4倍量的水溶解,静止1-3小时,过滤,滤液减压浓缩为60℃下相对密度为1.21-1.24的膏体并干燥,粉碎成粉末;
第三步,将余下组份研成粉末按比例混合,加水煎煮2次,每次2-3小时,分别过滤,合并滤液,滤液浓缩成膏体并干燥,粉碎成粉末,所加入的水的质量为第三步的混合物质量的2-4倍;
第四步,将上述粉末混合,随后将其溶于质量为混合物2-4倍的水,搅拌下加入相对于粉末质量5%-15%的氢氧化钠助溶,过滤,加浓度为1mol/L的盐酸调节pH值为5-6,过滤,沉淀备用,滤液通过聚酰胺柱,先用水洗去杂质,随后用醇浓度为80-90%的乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,沉淀用醇浓度为80-90%的乙醇提取2次,过滤,滤液与上述洗脱液合并,回收乙醇,减压浓缩至膏体并喷雾干燥成粉末,将获得的粉末加相对于其质量1-2倍的氯化钠及注射用水适量,溶解后再进一步加注射用水至需要的体积,过滤,灌封,灭菌,获得需要的注射液。
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