CN105408148B - 电驱动器 - Google Patents

电驱动器 Download PDF

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CN105408148B
CN105408148B CN201480042001.0A CN201480042001A CN105408148B CN 105408148 B CN105408148 B CN 105408148B CN 201480042001 A CN201480042001 A CN 201480042001A CN 105408148 B CN105408148 B CN 105408148B
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gear
level
superposition
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transmission
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CN105408148A (zh
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R.彼得森
J.莫克尔
A.休
H.斯特劳斯
R.普利卡特
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Volkswagen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2036—Electric differentials, e.g. for supporting steering vehicles
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H13/00—Gearing for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio by friction between rotary members
    • F16H13/02—Gearing for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H13/00—Gearing for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio by friction between rotary members
    • F16H13/10—Means for influencing the pressure between the members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • F16H3/663—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another with conveying rotary motion between axially spaced orbital gears, e.g. RAVIGNEAUX
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    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • F16H37/0826—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts with only one output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/10—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
    • F16H48/11—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears having intermeshing planet gears
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/42—Electrical machine applications with use of more than one motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/50—Structural details of electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电驱动器，包括‑具有多个电机(12)的马达装置(10)，‑驱动装置，和‑传动级，其在一侧与所述马达装置(10)连接并且在另一侧与所述驱动装置连接，所述传动级具有与所述驱动装置连接的传动太阳轮(34)和多个分别与电机(12)中一个相连接的传动行星轮(28)，所述传动行星轮(28)环形地围绕所述传动太阳轮(34)布置并且传递转矩地在所述传动太阳轮(34)上滚动。本发明的特征在于，‑所述传动级具有可旋转支承的传动轮圈(30)，所述传动行星轮(28)传递转矩地在所述传动轮圈(30)上滚动，并且‑所述驱动装置具有叠加级(50)，所述叠加级(50)设计为拉维奈尔赫式组件，其具有壳体固定的叠加级轮圈(52)、叠加级架(54)和两个叠加级太阳轮(58、58’)，两个相互啮合的叠加级行星轮组件(56、56’)可旋转地支承在所述叠加级架(54)上，这两个叠加级行星轮组件中的一个与所述叠加级轮圈(52)啮合，两个叠加级太阳轮(58、58’)中的每一个分别与叠加级行星轮组件(56、56’)中的一个相啮合，其中，所述传动轮圈(30)与一个叠加级太阳轮(58’)固定连接，并且所述传动太阳轮(34)与另一个叠加级太阳轮(58)固定连接。

Description

电驱动器
本发明涉及一种电驱动器，包括：
-具有多个电机的马达装置，
-驱动装置，和
-传动级，其在一侧与所述马达装置连接并且在另一侧与所述驱动装置连接，所述传动级具有与所述驱动装置连接的传动太阳轮和多个分别与电机中一个相连接的传动行星轮，所述传动行星轮环形地围绕所述传动太阳轮布置并且传递转矩地在所述传动太阳轮上滚动。
背景技术
这种驱动装置由EP 0 211 000 B1已知。该文献公开了一种电机式的精密驱动系统，其具有许多单独的电动机，这些电动机环状地设置有平行取向的转子轴。该已知系统的每个转子轴都承载着正齿轮，它与共同的太阳轮啮合，该太阳轮设置在由行星齿轮构成的环状物的中心。这种装置用来将单个电机的小转矩累加成高的总力矩，它能够被作用在与太阳轮相连接的输出轴上。
有利的是，这种有益的设计理念也可应用在机动车的驱动装置上。为此尤其有利的是，应用所谓的高转速马达(即转速超过20000转/分钟的电机)，它的特征在于效率高且运转平稳。这种马达目前应用在高速加工机器中。但是，已知的精密驱动系统作为高转速马达的补充并不是非常适合用于作为机动车驱动装置。尤其是，它不能够提供充足的传动，并且在高转速下由于齿轮咬合而产生的噪音对于应用在机动车、尤其电驱动的机动车中也是不可接受的。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种这类驱动系统的改进方案，该改进方案适用于机动车驱动装置。
所述技术问题按照本发明通过以下方式得以解决，即一种电驱动器，包括：
-具有多个电机的马达装置，
-驱动装置，和
-传动级，其在一侧与所述马达装置连接并且在另一侧与所述驱动装置连接，所述传动级具有与所述驱动装置连接的传动太阳轮和多个分别与电机中一个相连接的传动行星轮，所述传动行星轮环形地围绕所述传动太阳轮布置并且传递转矩地在所述传动太阳轮上滚动，其中，
-所述传动级具有可旋转支承的传动轮圈，所述传动行星轮传递转矩地在所述传动轮圈上滚动，并且
-所述驱动装置具有叠加级(Summierstufe)，所述叠加级设计为拉维奈尔赫式组件(Ravigneaux-Satz)，其具有壳体固定的叠加级轮圈、叠加级架和两个叠加级太阳轮，两个相互啮合的叠加级行星轮组件可旋转地支承在所述叠加级架上，这两个叠加级行星轮组件中的一个与所述叠加级轮圈啮合，两个叠加级太阳轮中的每一个分别与叠加级行星轮组件中的一个相啮合，
其中，所述传动轮圈与一个叠加级太阳轮固定连接，并且所述传动太阳轮与另一个叠加级太阳轮固定连接。
本发明优选的实施方式由从属权利要求给出。
首先，根据本发明设定，将已知的传动级拆解为具有独立的轮圈、即传动轮圈的完整的行星轮级。传动行星轮基本上被空间固定地定位。它们被固定在电机的转子轴上。电机自身被固定在基准基座上、尤其传动壳体上。因此，本发明不再需要独立的架，行星轮通常在行星轮级内支承在这种架上。当然，由于传动行星轮的空间固定的布置需要传动轮圈可旋转地被支承。
传动行星轮被用作传动级的输入件。这种传动级具有配备传动太阳轮和传动轮圈两个输出件。它们的转速和力矩根据本发明能够在叠加级中被叠加，该叠加级能够作为在后面布置的传动装置的一部分。叠加级的结构与原理上已知的拉维奈尔赫式组件相一致，该拉维奈尔赫式组件具有壳体固定的叠加级轮圈、两个叠加级行星轮组件和两个叠加级太阳轮，这两个叠加级太阳轮分别与一个叠加级行星轮组件啮合。这种叠加级太阳轮用作为叠加级的输入件并且相应地与传动级的输出件、即传动太阳轮和传动轮圈相连接。其上支承有叠加级行星轮组件的叠加级架因此用作叠加级的输出件。
借助这种特别的传动装置能够实现，在非常小的轴向结构空间中实现较高的传动比，借助该传动比能够将高转速马达的较高转速降低到适合驱动机动车的转速。同时，这种设计保留了将多个扭矩较弱的电机叠加为适当的较高扭矩的优点。
有利的是，传动级设计为摩擦滚轮传动装置。与之相关联的成本在明显减低了噪音的情况下是十分有利的。
在优选的实施方式中，所述传动轮圈与一个叠加级太阳轮相连接，该叠加级太阳轮与一个叠加级行星轮组件相啮合，该叠加级行星轮组件与所述叠加级轮圈相啮合。以优选的方式考虑到不同的转动方向和转速，它们被传递给传动级的输出件，尤其在这种优选的情况下，将传动行星轮设计为阶梯行星轮，它们与传动太阳轮的接触半径小于它们与传动轮圈的接触半径。
对于驱动装置的另外的设计方案，尤其有两个不同的变形方案是有利的。在第一变形方案中设定，所述叠加级架作为叠加级的输出件与差速器的输入件相连接，该差速器的两个输出件与机动车的被驱动轴的驱动轮相连接。这个变形方案体现了与机动车的通常的驱动设计的匹配，其中，中央驱动装置驱动差速器，该差速器将扭矩分配给被驱动轴的两个驱动轮。
原则上在此没有对差速器的结构设计做出明显的限定。在结构上特别简单的、节省结构空间的实施方式中设定，所述差速器是正齿轮差速器，它的输入件设计为差速器架，两个相互啮合的差速器行星轮组件可旋转地支承在所述差速器架上，其中，每个差速器行星轮组件与所述差速器的设计为差速器太阳轮的输出件相啮合。通常的构造方式是，正齿轮差速器具有两个太阳轮。
如上面所述，叠加级架用作为叠加级的输出件。因此优选设定，叠加级架与差速器、尤其它的输入件相连接，该输入件优选是差速器架。在这种结构设计中特别有利地能够实现，叠加级行星轮和差速器行星轮支承在共同的支架的两个相间隔的轴向区域上。换言之，叠加级架和差速器架设计为共同的构件，这种构件是特别节省空间的结构设计。
在驱动装置的第二变形方案中，替代之前所述的差速器设定，叠加级架作为叠加级的输出件与机动车的驱动轮相连接。这是将驱动装置作为车轮直接驱动装置的结构设计。这种车轮直接驱动装置能够考虑用于机动车的一个或多个车轮。特别优选的是，用于机动车的驱动装置包括两个这种类型的非平行定向的电驱动装置，它们的叠加级分别与机动车的驱动轮相连接。轴向上特别节省空间的是，在此将两个车轮驱动的电机布置在共同的马达圈(Motorenring)中，其中，每两个方位角相邻的马达轴向上非平行的定向。换言之，两个驱动装置的定子和转子被布置在共同的马达圈平面内，其中，转子轴与固定在其上的传动行星轮以不同的方向从马达圈中伸出。相应地，在马达圈两侧分别安置传动级和叠加级，其中，叠加级与机动车的相应配属的驱动轮相连接。在该实施方式中省去的差速器的功能通过不同的驱动装置的控制装置、尤其配属于不同的驱动装置的马达的控制装置来实现。在此，通过通常的差速器功能的控制装置、例如所谓的扭矩矢量分配(Torque-Vectoring)还能够实现复合型装置。
本发明的其它特征和优点由下面的专门的说明书和附图得出。
在附图中：
图1在示意性的剖面图中示出了本发明的优选实施方式的传动级，
图2在传动级侧的端侧的俯视图以及侧视图中示出了本发明的优选实施例的马达装置的局部剖开视图，
图3在透视图中示出了图2的马达装置，其具有所示的偏心轴承，
图4在示意图中示出了壳体盖板，该壳体盖板将图2和3的马达装置与图1的传动级分开来，以便展示偏心轴承的功能，
图5在示意图中示出了在应用本发明的情况下驱动装置的第一实施例，
图6在示意图中示出了按本发明的驱动装置的第二实施例。
在这些附图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的元件。
图1示出了按本发明的驱动装置的传动级的示意性剖面图，它为了便于理解整体上参照图2和3并且共同描述这些附图。尤其在图2和3中展示的马达装置10包括多个(在所示的实施例中是六个)电机12，该电机分别包括定子14和转子16，它们与平行定向的转子轴18一起环形地绕着中间轴线20布置，并且构成马达圈。该电机12优选指高转速电机，其能够以超过20000转/分钟的转速被驱动。该电机12的定子14固定在壳体22上，而转子轴18在转子16的两侧支承在壳体上，其中下面还将详细阐述轴承24、25的特殊结构设计。
电机12的转子轴18在电机的一侧上被延长并且伸进相邻的传动级26中。这些转子轴在该处分别支承着设计为摩擦滚轮的传动行星轮28，其构成为阶梯行星轮，并且在中间的轴向区域中具有比设置在该中间区域的两侧的外侧轴向区域中更大的直径。该传动行星轮28牢靠地固定在转子轴18上。它们共同地构成了传动级26的被驱动的输入件。传动级26构成为摩擦滚轮-行星轮级。可旋转支承的轮圈30径向设置在外面，该轮圈在接触区域32中摩擦配和地接触传动行星轮28的中间区域，因此轮圈通过传动行星轮28的被驱动的旋转运动自身被旋转。构成为多部件式的传动太阳轮34径向地设置在传动行星轮28的内部。该传动太阳轮包括轴向固定地且可旋转地支承的内部太阳轮盘36和两个同样可旋转的、但额外地轴向可移动的外部太阳轮盘38、40。图1所示的传动行星轮28这样在内部太阳轮盘36和外部太阳轮盘38之间被夹紧，使得内部太阳轮盘和外部太阳轮盘借助其接触区域42、44摩擦配合地接触传动行星轮28的外部轴向区域，该外部轴向区域设置有朝外下倾的肩部。因此除了传动轮圈30的旋转以外，该传动行星轮28的马达式驱动装置还实现了传动太阳轮34的反向旋转，其中在传动轮圈30和传动太阳轮34之间的转速比一方面从传动行星轮28和传动轮圈30之间的各接触半径的比例中得出，另一方面从传动行星轮28和传动太阳轮34之间的各接触半径的比例中得出。该比例、尤其是传动行星轮28和传动太阳轮34之间的精确的接触半径能够以细微的程度变化。这种变化性首先不是为了调节传动比，而是为了优化构造在摩擦滚轮-行星轮级内的传动级26的滑动。在所示的实施例中尤其实现了与转矩有关的、尤其与转矩成比例的滑转控制。为此，端面凸轮压盘46设置得与外部太阳轮盘38、40分别轴向在外部相邻，该端面凸轮压盘与内部太阳轮盘36固定相连。每个外部太阳轮盘38、40通过在坡道中导引的间隔件48相对于分别所属的端面凸轮压盘46支承。在内部太阳轮盘36和外部太阳轮盘38、40之间的传动行星轮28被马达式驱动时所出现的相对力矩会导致，外部太阳轮盘38、40朝其各自所属的端面凸轮压盘的相对扭转，这由于间隔件48的坡道导引会导致各外部太阳轮盘38、40的相应轴向移动。因此，在传动太阳轮34和传动行星轮28之间的接触压力可根据被传导的转矩、尤其与该转矩成比例地进行调节。由于在传动太阳轮34和传动行星轮28之间的接触区域42、44的倾斜性，这额外地会导致传动行星轮28轻微的径向移动并且由此导致在传动行星轮28和传动轮圈30之间的接触区域32内相应的接触压力改变。这种传动区域优选保持轴向平坦，从而即使在传动行星轮28发生轻微轴向移动的情况下也不会在传动行星轮28和传动轮圈30之间的接触压力或接触半径方面发生变化。
外部太阳轮盘38、40的双重结构设计的含义尤其可以从图2中获得。在所示的实施方式中，即六个电机12中的三个装配有较短的转子轴18并且其余三个电机12装配有较长的转子轴18。这种设计继续或稍微宽泛地在传动级26中相应扩展，因而每两个方位角相邻的传动行星轮28集成有相同的内部太阳轮盘36、但是不同的外部太阳轮盘38、40。这种每三个电机12的组合式共同作用(如附图所示)是特别有利的，但是并不是强制要求的。
如上面所述，在传动太阳轮34和传动行星轮28之间的接触压力控制与传动行星轮28的轻微的轴向和径向移动相关联。就此而言，这种设计并不完全比将其牢靠地固定在电机12的转子轴18上的设计更有利。这种所谓的运动因此还会继续在相应的转子轴18上延伸，这在其支承方面是应该被考虑的。
定位在电机12的背向传动级26一侧上的轴承24设计为直线球轴承。该轴承承载径向力，但是它既不抵抗轴向力也不抵抗倾斜力矩。这是满足要求的，因为轴承24的轴承位置能够被视为倾斜运动的旋转点，该倾斜运动由所属的传动行星轮28的径向移动所引起。与此相对地，设置在电机的朝向传动级26一侧上的轴承25必须具有径向自由度。当然，轴承25必须同时在(关于马达圈的)正切方向上承载作用力。因此，尤其如图3和4所示，将轴承25设计为偏心轴承25。所示实施方式的偏心轴承25分别包括球轴承251，该球轴承偏心地固定在轴承座圈252内，该轴承座圈在它这一侧可旋转地支承在壳体22的盖件内。偏心轴承25的偏心率、即在球轴承251的中心和轴承座圈252的中心之间的定向距离，是定向在(关于马达圈的)正切方向上。传动行星轮28在接触压力配合的范围内进行的径向移动因此会导致(关于轴承座圈252的)切线平行的移动、即球轴承251的圆形移动。由于在接触压力配合的范围内出现移动的轻微性，这种运动也能够被视为线性的；它的圆形轨性质能够被忽略。
图5以十分简略的视图示出马达装置10和传动级26，以便可以图示马达装置10和传动级26与机动车驱动装置的相邻的从动部件的联接。如上面的详细阐述，传动轮圈30和传动太阳轮34用作传动级的输出件。它们与随后的叠加级50的输入件相联接，该叠加级以优选端面制齿的拉维奈尔赫式组件的方式设计。这种机构具有壳体固定的叠加级轮圈52和叠加级架54，相互啮合的叠加级行星轮56、56’中的两组支承在叠加级架上。叠加级行星轮组件56、56’进一步与两个叠加级太阳轮58、58’相啮合，这两个叠加级太阳轮用作为叠加级40的输入件并且相应地与传动太阳轮34和/或传动轮圈30相连接。叠加级50用于不同的转速和转矩的合并或结合，它们作用在传动轮圈30和传动太阳轮34上。
为了继续传导在叠加级50中累计的旋转运动，在图5所示的实施方式中设置正齿轮差速器60，在通常的结构方式中它设有差速器架62，两个相互啮合的差速器行星轮64、64’机构支承在该差速器架上。差速器行星轮机构64、64’与两个差速器太阳轮66、66’相啮合，这两个差速器太阳轮用作为差速器60的输出件并且分别与机动车的在图5中未详细示出的驱动轮相连接。在图5所示、特别优选的实施方式中，叠加级架54和差速器架62构成具有不同的轴向部段的共同构件，在其中一个轴向部段中支承叠加级行星轮56、56’并且在另一个轴向部段中支承差速器行星轮64、64’。
图6示出用于机动车的驱动装置的备选实施方案，它尤其省略了差速器60。与图2和3所示内容相对的是，在该实施方式中电机12成组地非平行的相互定向，因而能够在马达圈的两侧布置传动级和与其相连接的叠加级50。这种布置在图6中所示。因此，两个叠加级架54的每一个构成驱动装置的不相关的输出件，该输出件与机动车的直接被驱动的驱动轮相连接。总体上的差速器功能和与之相关的功能、例如所谓的扭矩矢量分配通过马达组的相应的控制装置来实现。当然还能够设计，图6所示装置的两个叠加级50中的每一个串联各自的差速器60并且因此实现两个不相关地相互被驱动的轴。
当然，在说明书中阐述的和在附图中所示的实施方式只是为了解释本发明的实施例。本领域技术人员在这些公开内容的启示下还能够容易想到很多不同的变形方案。
附图标记列表
10 马达装置/马达圈
12 电机
14 12的定子
16 12的转子
18 转子轴
20 中间轴线
22 壳体
24 轴承(浮动轴承)
25 轴承(偏心轴承)
251 球轴承
252 偏心盘
26 传动级
28 传动行星轮
30 传动轮圈
32 28与30的接触区域
34 传动太阳轮
36 内部太阳轮盘
38 外部太阳轮盘
40 外部太阳轮盘
42 36与40的接触区域
44 36与38的接触区域
46 端面凸轮压盘
48 间隔件
50 叠加级
52 叠加级轮圈
54 叠加级架
56、56’ 叠加级行星轮
58、58’ 叠加级太阳轮
60 差速器
62 差速器架
64、64’ 差速器行星轮
66、66’ 差速器太阳轮

Claims (9)

1.一种电驱动器，包括：
-具有多个电机(12)的马达装置(10)，
-驱动装置，和
-传动级，其在一侧与所述马达装置(10)连接并且在另一侧与所述驱动装置连接，所述传动级具有与所述驱动装置连接的传动太阳轮(34)和多个分别与电机(12)中一个相连接的传动行星轮(28)，所述传动行星轮(28)环形地围绕所述传动太阳轮(34)布置并且传递转矩地在所述传动太阳轮(34)上滚动，
其特征在于，
-所述传动级具有可旋转支承的传动轮圈(30)，所述传动行星轮(28)传递转矩地在所述传动轮圈(30)上滚动，并且
-所述驱动装置具有叠加级(50)，所述叠加级(50)设计为拉维奈尔赫式组件，其具有壳体固定的叠加级轮圈(52)、叠加级架(54)和两个叠加级太阳轮(58、58’)，两个相互啮合的叠加级行星轮组件(56、56’)可旋转地支承在所述叠加级架(54)上，这两个叠加级行星轮组件中的一个与所述叠加级轮圈(52)啮合，两个叠加级太阳轮(58、58’)中的每一个分别与叠加级行星轮组件(56、56’)中的一个相啮合，
其中，所述传动轮圈(30)与一个叠加级太阳轮(58’)固定连接，并且所述传动太阳轮(34)与另一个叠加级太阳轮(58)固定连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电驱动器，其特征在于，所述传动级设计为摩擦滚轮传动装置。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的电驱动器，其特征在于，所述传动轮圈(30)与一个叠加级太阳轮(58’)相连接，该叠加级太阳轮(58’)与一个叠加级行星轮组件(56’)相啮合，该叠加级行星轮组件(56’)与所述叠加级轮圈(52)相啮合。
4.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的电驱动器，其特征在于，所述叠加级架(54)作为叠加级(50)的输出件与差速器(60)的输入件相连接，该差速器(60)的两个输出件(66、66’)与机动车的被驱动轴的驱动轮相连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电驱动器，其特征在于，所述差速器(60)是正齿轮差速器，它的输入件设计为差速器架(62)，两个相互啮合的差速器行星轮组件(64,64’)可旋转地支承在所述差速器架(62)上，其中，每个差速器行星轮组件(64,64’)与所述差速器(60)的设计为差速器太阳轮(66,66’)的输出件相啮合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电驱动器，其特征在于，所述叠加级(50)通过它的叠加级架(54)与所述差速器架(62)相连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电驱动器，其特征在于，所述叠加级行星轮(56、56’)和差速器行星轮(64、64’)支承在共同的架(54/62)的两个相互间隔的轴向区域上。
8.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的电驱动器，其特征在于，所述叠加级架(54)作为叠加级(50)的输出件与机动车的驱动轮相连接。
9.一种用于机动车的驱动器，其包括两个相互非平行定向的、根据权利要求8所述的电驱动器，它们的叠加级(50)分别与机动车的驱动轮相连接。
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