CN103210243B - 电动轴 - Google Patents

电动轴 Download PDF

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CN103210243B
CN103210243B CN201180055339.6A CN201180055339A CN103210243B CN 103210243 B CN103210243 B CN 103210243B CN 201180055339 A CN201180055339 A CN 201180055339A CN 103210243 B CN103210243 B CN 103210243B
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motor
axle
gear
moment
planetary gears
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CN103210243A (zh
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L·瑟佛林森
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BorgWarner TorqTransfer Systems AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B60K17/352—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches manually operated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/12—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of differentials
    • B60W10/16—Axle differentials, e.g. for dividing torque between left and right wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2036—Electric differentials, e.g. for supporting steering vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/34—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion involving gears essentially having intermeshing elements other than involute or cycloidal teeth
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/36—Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/42—Electrical machine applications with use of more than one motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/46—Wheel motors, i.e. motor connected to only one wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/28—Four wheel or all wheel drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/36—Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs
    • F16H2048/364—Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs using electric or hydraulic motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

提供一种用于四轮道路车辆的电动轴（200，300，400），包括：同轴布置在所述轴（200，300，400）上的电动推进马达（210，310，410）；连接于所述电动推进马达（210，310，410）和所述轴（200，300，400）的第一侧的第一行星齿轮机构（222a，322a，422a）和连接于所述电动推进马达（210，310，410）和所述轴（200，300，400）的第二侧的第二行星齿轮机构（222b，322b，422b），所述第一和第二行星齿轮机构（222，322，422）形成差速器（220，320，420）；以及包括电机（242，342，442）的扭矩引导装置（240，340，440），其同轴布置在所述轴（200，300，400）上以在所述轴（200，300，400）的第一侧和第二侧之间改变扭矩分配，其中所述扭矩引导装置（240，340，440）的电机（242，342，442）连接于所述第一和第二行星齿轮机构（222，322，422）。

Description

电动轴
技术领域
本发明涉及一种四轮车辆的电动轴。更具体地，本发明涉及一种具有扭矩引导装置的电动轴，该扭矩引导装置用于在所述电动轴的右车轮和左车轮之间提供扭矩差。
背景技术
对于道路车辆来说，理想地是能够将不同的驱动扭矩分配到不同的车轮上，以提高车辆的稳定性和/或性能。道路车辆的扭矩引导装置的用途是使得车辆驱动扭矩分配改变，从而所述扭矩引导装置也由此得名。
这种扭矩引导装置在驱动轴上布置为沿横向方向分配驱动扭矩，或者沿纵向方向布置在驱动轴和非驱动轴之间。
为了获得关于驱动动力学的理想的结果，在某些情况下，向一个驱动轮提供相对于驱动轴上的另一个驱动轮的正扭矩是有利的。通过用于齿轮增速的机械齿轮装置或使得上述车轮驱动轴的转速增加（例如增加10%），这种正扭矩可以本身已知的方式获得。
许多这样的机械齿轮装置是已知的。在这种既沉重又昂贵的布置结构中，扭矩引导装置布置在所述两个驱动轴的中央差速器的任一侧。
因此，当需要两个车轮之间的转速差时，现有技术装置影响与绝对转速相关的转速，从而导致重型设备具有相对高的功率损耗。
有鉴于此，申请人先前提出一种扭矩引导装置，该扭矩引导装置克服了上述缺点。这种装置在WO2010101506中充分公开，所述扭矩引导装置包括电机，该电机连接于道路车辆的驱动轴，从而在电机启动后，所述电机提供正扭矩给一个车轮并且提供相反的扭矩给另一个车轮，每个车轮安装在同一个轴。
扭矩引导装置布置在车辆的驱动轴上。推进力可通过电机提供，从而所述扭矩引导装置在所述车辆的电动轴上工作。这种电动轴对于在如双动力汽车中提供四轮驱动是非常具有吸引力的，该双动力汽车即为装配有向前轴输送推进扭矩的第一传动装置和向后轴输送推进扭矩的第二传动装置的车辆。
尽管所述先前提出的扭矩引导装置非常具有吸引力，然而日益增长的行业需求需要有关性能、精简性、空间需求、成本等的改进。因此，需要具有扭矩引导装置的电动轴，该电动轴将更紧凑，更节省成本。
发明内容
相应地，本发明优选地寻求减轻、缓解或消除现有技术中的上述一个或多个不足之处以及单独的或任何组合中的缺点，并且通过提供根据所附的权利要求书的装置至少解决上述问题。
因此，本发明的目的是提供具有扭矩引导装置的电动轴，该具有扭矩引导装置的电动轴克服了上述问题。
本发明进一步的目的为提供具有扭矩引导装置的电动轴，该扭矩引导装置提供更高的传动比。
此外，本发明的目的为提供具有扭矩引导装置的电动轴，该电动轴具有显著减小的尺寸。
根据第一方面，本发明提供一种用于四轮道路车辆的电动轴。所述电动轴包括：电动推进马达，该电动推进马达同轴布置在所述轴上；第一行星齿轮机构和第二行星齿轮机构，该第一行星齿轮机构连接于所述电动推进马达并且连接于所述轴的第一侧，该第二行星齿轮机构连接于所述电动推进马达并且连接于所述轴的第二侧，所述第一行星齿轮机构和第二行星齿轮机构形成差速器；以及扭矩引导装置，该扭矩引导装置包括电机，该电机同轴布置在所述轴上以用于在所述轴的所述第一侧和第二侧之间改变扭矩分配，其中，所述扭矩引导装置的电机连接于所述第一行星齿轮机构和第二行星齿轮机构。
根据第二方面，本发明提供一种四轮道路车辆，该四轮道路车辆包括根据所述第一方面的电动轴。
附图说明
下面将参考附图详细描述本发明。其中：
图1是根据一种具体实施方式的车辆的示意图；
图2是根据另一具体实施方式的车辆的示意图；
图3是根据又一具体实施方式的车辆的示意图；
图4是根据又一具体实施方式的车辆的示意图；
图5是根据另一具体实施方式的车辆的示意图；
图6是根据具体实施方式的扭矩引导装置的示意图；
图7是根据一种具体实施方式的包括扭矩引导装置的车辆电动轴的剖视图；
图8是根据另一具体实施方式的包括扭矩引导装置的车辆电动轴的剖视图；
图9是图8所示的齿轮变速装置的等视轴图；
图10是根据另一具体实施方式的扭矩引导装置的剖视图；以及
图11是图10所示的齿轮变速装置的等视轴图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域中的技术人员能够实现本发明，将参照附图详细描述本发明的几个具体实施方式。然而，本发明可具体表现为不同的形式，并且本发明不应该理解为局限于本文所述的具体实施方式。相反的，对于本领域的技术人员来说，提供具体实施方式从而使得本发明将彻底和完全，并且将完全表达本发明的范围。本发明不局限于所述具体实施方式，但本发明仅局限于所附的权利要求。此外，附图所示的个别具体实施方式中详细描述时所使用的术语目的不是为了限制本发明。
车辆的驱动线路布置结构的实施例在图1至图6中示出。在这些具体实施方式中，车辆10具有连接于后轴14的前轴12以及扭矩引导装置16。
在图1中，前轴12经由传动装置18驱动，以及后轴14通过电机20驱动。扭矩引导装置16布置在电动后轴14上。
在图2中显示相似的配置，但在这里所述后轴通过传动装置18驱动，并且所述前轴通过电机20驱动。从而，扭矩引导装置16布置在所述电动前轴上。
图3和图4示出前轴12或后轴14通过电机20驱动的布置结构，其中，扭矩引导装置16布置在电动驱动轴12和，14上。
作为另一实施例，图5示出前轴12和后轴14通过电机20驱动的配置。扭矩引导装置16布置在每个电动轴12和电动轴14上。
参考图6，电动轴100的基本配置包括所示的扭矩引导装置110。车辆驱动轴100通过驱动单元120驱动，并且车辆驱动轴100具有两个车轮102a和102b，车轮102a和车轮102b连接于轴100相对的两端。驱动单元120（例如为电机的情形下）连接于差速器130以允许车轮102a和车轮102b以不同的速度旋转。电机140连接于差速器130，以向轴100相对的两端提供不同的扭矩。控制装置150进一步连接于电机140，并且控制装置150配置为计算并传输控制信号给扭矩引导装置110的电机140。
当所述车辆直线行驶时，车轮102a和车轮102b都将以同一速度旋转。在这种情况下，电机140将停止工作。当所述车辆通过摩擦不均的表面时，扭矩引导装置110可用于提高驱动轴100的牵引能力。在这种情况下，控制装置150向扭矩引导装置110的电机140发送信号，该电机140将启动并施加扭矩。由此，轴100的一端将形成扭矩的增大，而轴100的相对的一端将形成扭矩的相应减小。
图7中更详细地描述了包括了扭矩引导装置的车辆电动轴200的具体实施方式。电动轴200配置为连接于左车轮轴和右车轮轴（未示出），该电动轴200包括电动推进马达210、差速器220和扭矩引导装置240。电动推进马达210同轴布置在轴200上，并且电动推进马达210的两侧分别连接于差速器220，差速器220包括同轴布置的两个行星齿轮机构222a和222b，其中电动推进马达210驱动太阳轮224a和太阳轮224b。左车轮轴和右车轮轴各自连接于行星齿轮机构222a的行星架226a和行星齿轮机构222b的行星架226b。各行星齿轮机构222a，222b的齿圈228a，228b具有能够连接于（例如通过齿）扭矩引导装置240的外表面。
扭矩引导装置240包括电机242，电机242同轴布置在轴200上，从而电机242的转动轴线与电动推进马达210的转动轴线同轴。电机242进一步布置在差速器220的远侧，即布置在行星齿轮机构220a，220b中的一个行星齿轮机构与相邻的车轮轴之间。
扭矩引导装置240的电机242直接连接于第二行星齿轮机构222b的齿圈228b，并且电机242通过能够旋转的平衡轴244连接于第一行星齿轮机构222a的齿圈228a，平衡轴244平行于轴200延伸，并且电机242装配有用于与行星齿轮机构222a的齿圈228a配合的齿轮。平衡轴244的齿轮配置为用于在平衡轴244旋转时向行星齿轮机构222a传输扭矩，其中，与直接传输到另一个行星齿轮机构222b的扭矩相比，传输到行星齿轮机构222a的扭矩具有相反的方向。
齿圈228a和齿圈228b通过摆线式传动装置250连接于所述电机，该摆线式传动装置250用于在电机242和差速器220之间形成齿轮减速。摆线式传动装置250包括偏心输入轴252，该偏心输入轴252通过电机242直接驱动。摆盘直接连接于输入轴252，并且该摆盘在固定的齿圈内能够自由旋转。旋转时，所述摆盘驱动输出轴，该输出轴包括具有多个滚子的盘，所述滚子能够在所述盘的相应的凹槽内旋转。
尽管其它的减速比也可使用，优选地，所述齿轮减速比可在30到50范围之内。一般齿轮减速要求可以取决于低性能电机的要求，因此需要高减速比，同时为了减小所述电机的最大转速，也可取决于低减速的需要。
在另一具体实施方式中，所述摆线式传动装置的输出轴为齿圈，而具有所述滚子的盘固定不动。
现在参见图8，图8所示为电动轴300的另一具体实施方式。电动轴300包括电动推进马达310和差速器320，差速器320与之前参照图7中描述的差速器相同。扭矩引导装置340在齿轮减速装置350的选择上不同于先前的具体实施方式，在这里齿轮减速装置350为差动行星齿轮机构。这种差动行星齿轮机构非常紧凑，并且与普通行星齿轮机构相比，这种差动行星齿轮机构在电机342与差速器320之间提供更大的齿轮减速比。
例如，假如想得到的齿轮减速比为50，通常需要三或四个行星齿轮串连布置。因此，选择差动行星齿轮机构是非常有利的。
差动行星齿轮机构350（在图9中也有显示）包括具有两个不同齿轮的行星轮352，其中一个齿轮连接于所述差速器的行星齿轮机构322a，322b的齿圈，另外一个齿轮连接于固定的齿圈354。行星轮352的第二齿轮还连接于太阳轮356，太阳轮356进而连接于电机342。因此，行星架358不与任一轴连接。
图10中所示为电动轴400的第三具体实施方式。电动轴400包括电动推进马达410和差速器420，差速器420与之参照图7和图9中描述的差速器相同。扭矩引导装置440在齿轮减速装置450的选择上不同于先前的具体实施方式，在这里齿轮减速装置450为双摆线式传动装置。这种双摆线式传动装置非常紧凑，并且与普通行星齿轮机构相比，这种双摆线式传动装置在电机442和差速器420之间提供更大的齿轮减速。进一步地，使用双摆线式传动装置提供径向作用力的平衡效果和重力平衡，这意味着所述齿轮减速装置允许更高的旋转速度。
双摆线式传动装置可运转到例如16.500转/分，这远大于参考图7上述的普通摆线式传动装置。
所述双摆线式传动装置在图11中进行了显示，所述双摆线式传动装置保包括两个盘452和454，盘452、454偏心布置在电机442的旋转轴上。多个滚子456设置在滚子座458上，滚子座458相对于旋转运动被锁定。盘452、454的偏心运动形成相对于摆线式传动装置450的齿圈459的步进运动，因此实现齿轮减速。
在进一步的具体实施方式中，双摆线式传动装置450通过多摆线式传动装置替代，该多摆线式传动装置包括三个或更多个盘，该三个或更多个盘布置在所述电机的旋转轴上。
在又一具体实施方式中，齿轮减速装置250，350，450被省略，从而所述扭矩引导装置的电机直接连接所述差速器的第二行星齿轮机构的齿圈，并且通过所述平衡轴连接于所述差速器的第一行星齿轮机构的齿圈。尽管这种实施方式对电机性能要求严格，然而这种具体实施方式的优点在于使用更少的部件。
可以理解的是，在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下，以上所描述的具体实施方式可以结合。尽管参照具体实施方式已描述了本发明，但并不表示本发明局限于在此公开的特定形式。相反地，本发明仅局限于所附的权利要求以及，除上述之外在所附权利要求范围内同样可能的其它具体实施方式。
在权利要求中，术语“包括/包含”不排除其它元素或步骤的存在。此外，尽管单独列出，但是多个装置、元件或方法步骤可以通过例如单个单元或处理器实现。此外，虽然各个特征可包含在不同的权利要求中，但这些特征可以有利地结合起来，并且包含在不同的权利要求中的特征不意味着综合的特征是不可行的和/或不利的。另外，单数用语不排除多个。术语“一”，“一种”，“第一”，“第二”等不排除多个。参考标记在权利要求中仅作为明确实施例提供，并且不应被理解为以任何方式限制权利要求书的范围。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于四轮道路车辆的电动轴(200，300，400)，包括：
电动推进马达(210，310，410)，该电动推进马达(210，310，410)同轴布置在所述电动轴(200，300，400)上；
第一行星齿轮机构(222a，322a，422a)和第二行星齿轮机构(222b，322b，422b)，该第一行星齿轮机构(222a，322a，422a)连接于所述电动推进马达(210，310，410)并且连接于所述电动轴(200，300，400)的第一侧，该第二行星齿轮机构(222b，322b，422b)连接于所述电动推进马达(210，310，410)并且连接于所述电动轴(200，300，400)的第二侧，所述第一行星齿轮机构和第二行星齿轮机构(222，322，422)形成差速器(220，320，420)；以及
扭矩引导装置(240，340，440)，该扭矩引导装置(240，340，440)包括电机(242，342，442)，该电机(242，342，442)同轴布置在所述电动轴(200，300，400)上，以用于在所述电动轴(200，300，400)的所述第一侧和第二侧之间改变扭矩分配，其中，
所述扭矩引导装置(240，340，440)的所述电机(242，342，442)连接于所述第一行星齿轮机构和第二行星齿轮机构(222，322，422)，并且
其中，所述扭矩引导装置(240，340，440)通过所述电机(242，342，442)单独地驱动，以向所述电动轴(200，300，400)的所述第一侧和所述电动轴(200，300，400)的所述第二侧提供扭矩引导。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动轴，其中，所述电机(242，342，442)直接连接于所述第二行星齿轮机构(222b，322b，422b)，并且所述电机(242，342，442)通过平衡轴(244，344，444)连接于所述第一行星齿轮机构(222a，322a，422a)，该平衡轴(244，344，444)平行于所述电动轴(200，300，400)延伸。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电动轴，其中，所述电机(242，342，442)连接于所述第一行星齿轮机构和第二行星齿轮机构(222，322，422)的齿圈(228a，228b，328a，328b，428a，428b)，并且其中，所述电动推进马达(210，310，410)驱动所述第一行星齿轮机构和第二行星齿轮机构(222，322，422)的太阳轮(224a，224b，324a，324b，424a，424b)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动轴，其中，所述扭矩引导装置(240，340，440)的电机(242，342，442)通过齿轮减速装置(250，350，450)连接于所述第一行星齿轮机构和第二行星齿轮机构(222，322，422)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电动轴，其中，所述齿轮减速装置(250)为摆线式传动装置，所述电机(242，342，442)驱动该摆线式传动装置的偏心输入轴(252)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的电动轴，其中，所述齿轮减速装置(450)为双摆线式传动装置，所述电机(442)驱动该双摆线式传动装置的偏心输入轴，所述双摆线式传动装置还包括至少两个盘(452，454)、滚子座(458)和固定的齿圈(459)，所述至少两个盘(452，454)布置在所述偏心输入轴上，所述滚子座(458)承载有多个滚子(456)，该滚子座连接于所述行星齿轮机构(422a，422b)各自的齿圈(428a，428b)。
7.根据权利要求4所述的电动轴，其中，所述齿轮减速装置(350)为差动行星齿轮机构，该差动行星齿轮机构包括固定的齿圈(354)以及太阳轮(356)，所述固定的齿圈(354)连接于多个行星轮(352)的第一齿轮，所述太阳轮(356)连接于所述扭矩引导装置(340)的电机(342)，其中所述行星轮(352)的第二齿轮连接于所述差速器(320)的行星齿轮机构(322a，322b)的各自的齿圈(328a，328b)。
8.根据权利要求4所述的电动轴，其中，所述齿轮减速装置(250，350，450)直接连接于所述第二行星齿轮机构(222b，322b，422b)，并且所述齿轮减速装置(250，350，450)通过平行于所述电动轴(200，300，400)延伸的平衡轴(244，344，444)连接于所述第一行星齿轮机构(222a，322a，422a)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电动轴，其中，所述扭矩引导装置(240，340，440)的所述电机(242，342，442)在启动后向所述第一行星齿轮机构和第二行星齿轮机构(222，322，422)中的一个施加正扭矩，并且向所述第一行星齿轮机构和第二行星齿轮机构(222，322，422)中的另外一个施加负扭矩。
10.根据权利要求4所述的电动轴，其中，所述齿轮减速装置(250，350，450)同轴布置在所述电动轴(200，300，400)上。
11.根据权利要求1所述的电动轴，其中，所述电动推进马达(210，310，410)连接于所述第一行星齿轮机构和第二行星齿轮机构(222，322，422)的太阳轮(224，324，424)，并且其中所述第一行星齿轮机构和第二行星齿轮机构(222，322，422)的行星架(226，326，426)各自连接于左车轮轴和右车轮轴。
12.一种四轮道路车辆，其中，该四轮道路车辆包括根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的电动轴(200，300，400)。
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KR20130129374A (ko) 2013-11-28
CN103210243A (zh) 2013-07-17
JP2014503758A (ja) 2014-02-13
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WO2012066035A1 (en) 2012-05-24
US9120479B2 (en) 2015-09-01

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