CN105408052A - 机动车部件的激光金属沉积焊接 - Google Patents

机动车部件的激光金属沉积焊接 Download PDF

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CN105408052A
CN105408052A CN201380055252.8A CN201380055252A CN105408052A CN 105408052 A CN105408052 A CN 105408052A CN 201380055252 A CN201380055252 A CN 201380055252A CN 105408052 A CN105408052 A CN 105408052A
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coating
weld seam
nickel
iron
workpiece
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弗洛里安·汉施曼
杰里米·布赖恩·马格达
凯文·达勒·史密斯
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Magna International Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/36—Phosphatising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
    • C25D13/20—Pretreatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种部件，例如机动车部件。该部件包括在焊缝处接合在一起的至少两个钢工件，所述焊缝包含镍和铁中的至少一种并且基本上完全不含硅酸盐岛。该部件还包括与基本上完全不含硅酸盐岛的焊缝的至少一部分接合的涂布、磷化或电涂的涂层。

Description

机动车部件的激光金属沉积焊接
现有申请的交叉引用
本PCT专利申请要求于2012年10月24日提交的题为“LaserMetalDepositionWeldingOfAutomotiveParts(机动车部件的激光金属沉积焊接)”的美国临时专利申请序列号No.61/718,089的权益，该申请的全部公开内容被视为本申请的公开内容的一部分，并且在此通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及钢工件之间的焊接，并且更特别地，涉及被施加至钢工件之间的焊缝的涂层。
背景技术
在机动车工业中通常使用气体保护金属极电弧焊(gas-metalarcwelding，GMAW)(也被称为金属极惰性气体保护(metalinertgas，MIG)焊)将钢工件焊接在一起。使用GMAW来接合钢工件的常见问题是锰、硅、铁、氧和其他痕量合金的硅酸盐岛的产生。这样的硅酸盐岛会抑制在焊缝的外表面上施加涂层。例如，通过涂布、磷化、电涂(电泳涂覆)施加的涂层可能不能牢固地粘附于具有硅酸盐岛的焊缝。
一种将涂布、磷化和电涂的涂层与焊缝结合在一起的方法是在焊缝上使用材料磨蚀工艺以去除硅酸盐岛。另一种方法是通过化学工艺去除硅酸盐岛。然而，化学工艺的成本也会很高，而且可能导致不能从焊缝充分地去除硅酸盐岛。
仍然非常需要将钢工件接合同时允许在接合处进行涂布、磷化和电涂的改进的方法，并对该方法存在持续的需求。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面提供了一种部件，例如机动车部件，该部件包括在焊缝处被接合在一起的至少两个钢工件，所述焊缝包含镍和铁中的至少一种并且基本上完全不含硅酸盐岛。所述部件还包括与基本上完全不含硅酸盐岛的焊缝的至少一部分结合的涂布、磷化或电涂的涂层。与由其他类型的焊接工艺形成的焊缝相比，所述焊缝是有利的，这是因为其外表面非常一致并且基本上完全不含硅酸盐岛，这使得焊缝的外表面与涂布、磷化或电涂的涂层之间能够具有非常牢固的结合。本发明的这个方面的焊缝还能够比通过其他已知焊接工艺形成的焊缝例如由GMAW工艺形成的焊缝更加平滑和坚固。
根据本发明的另一方面，所述焊缝包含镍。
根据本发明的又一方面，所述焊缝包含铁。
根据本发明的再一方面，所述涂层为涂布的涂层。
根据本发明的进一方面，所述涂层为磷化的涂层。
根据本发明的进一方面，所述涂层为电涂的涂层。
本发明的另一方面是一种制造部件例如机动车部件的方法。该方法包括将至少两个钢工件置于接合处的步骤。该方法接着进行以下步骤：使用激光束将工件中的每一个的一部分以及镍和铁中的至少一种的粉末熔融，以制造包含镍和铁中的至少一种并且基本上完全不含硅酸盐岛的焊缝。该方法接着进行以下步骤：通过涂布、磷化或电涂工艺在焊缝的至少一部分上施加涂层。所得到的涂布、磷化或电涂的涂层与基本上完全不含硅酸盐岛的焊缝的外表面之间的结合非常牢固。这种改进的结合以非常有效并且节省成本的方式实现而不需要任何后续的材料磨蚀或化学工艺。
根据本发明的另一方面，所述粉末包含镍。
根据本发明的又一方面，所述粉末包含铁。
根据本发明的再一方面，所述施加涂层的步骤进一步限定为通过涂布施加涂层。
根据本发明的进一方面，所述施加涂层的步骤进一步限定为通过磷化施加涂层。
根据本发明的再进一方面，所述施加涂层的步骤进一步限定为通过电涂施加涂层。
附图说明
因为当结合附图考虑时，通过参照以下具体描述，本发明变得更好理解，所以可以容易地理解本发明的这些和其他特征和优点，其中：
图1是包括通过LMD焊接工艺形成的焊缝的示例性机动车部件的截面图；
图2是置于对接接合处的一对示例性工件的截面图；以及
图3是示出了将图2的工件的一部分以及镍和/或铁粉末熔融的LMD头的示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，本发明的一个方面涉及部件20，例如机动车部件20，部件20包括在焊缝26处被接合在一起的至少两个钢工件22、24，焊缝26包含镍和铁中的至少之一。部件20还包括通过涂布、磷化或电涂(电泳涂覆)被施加在焊缝26的至少一部分的顶部上的涂层28。如下面进一步详细讨论的，工件22、24通过激光金属沉积(LMD)焊接工艺被接合在一起，激光金属沉积焊接工艺包括将镍和/或铁粉末30熔融到第一工件22和第二工件24的金属中，使得焊缝26包含镍和/或铁并且基本上完全不含硅酸盐岛。这使得焊缝26的金属与涂层28之间能够具有非常强的结合，从而降低了涂层28在焊缝26处从部件20脱落或以其他方式与部件20分离的风险。焊缝26的外表面还可以比由其他已知工艺形成的焊缝更加平滑。
在图1的示例性实施方案中，工件22、24以对接接合的方式被焊接在一起。然而，工件22、24可以以任意适合类型的焊接接合的方式被接合在一起，所述焊接接合包括例如端接接合、角接接合、T型接合、搭接接合等。工件22、24可以是由钢制成的任意适合的机动车或非机动车工件22、24。例如，工件22、24可以是车架或底盘的件22、24并且可以具有任意适合的厚度。应该理解的是，本文中使用术语“钢”意味着包括合金钢。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种制造部件20例如图1所示的机动车部件20的方法。所述方法包括将至少两个钢工件22、24置于接合处的步骤。优选地，工件22、24以预定间隙32(参见图2)彼此间隔开例如0.4mm。现在参照图3，所述方法进行下列步骤：使用激光束34将第一工件22和第二工件24的材料以及镍和/或铁粉末30熔融。优选地，在熔融步骤期间使用保护气体36例如二氧化碳和/或氩以保护熔融区域免于接触大气气体。当冷却时，工件22、24的钢以及镍和/或铁形成基本上完全不含硅酸盐岛的非常坚固的焊缝26。
优选地，激光束34、镍和/或铁粉末30和保护气体36全部同时从单个LMD头38例如图2和图3所示的LMD头38射出。该LMD头38可以相对于工件22、24沿着第一工件22和第二工件24之间的接合部移动或者工件22、24可以相对于该LMD头38沿着第一工件22和第二工件24之间的接合部移动，以将第一工件22和第二工件24的材料以及镍和/或铁粉末30熔融，直到形成期望的焊缝26为止。所得到的焊缝26可以比由其他已知工艺形成的焊缝更加坚固。
返回参照图1，所述方法接着进行以下步骤：通过涂布、磷化和电涂中的至少一种在工件22、24上(包括在具有镍和/或铁的焊缝26的至少一部分上)施加涂层28。因为焊缝26基本上完全不含硅酸盐岛，所以涂层28与焊缝26之间的结合非常牢固。这个工艺特别有效并且节省成本，这是因为在工件22、24被接合在一起之后以及在涂层28被涂布、磷化或电涂到焊缝26上之前不需要研磨材料或化学工艺。
显然，鉴于上述教导，本发明的许多修改方案和变化方案是可能的，并且这些修改方案和变化方案可以不同于所具体描述的来实施，只要在所附权利要求的范围内即可。

Claims (12)

1.一种部件，包括：
在焊缝处被接合在一起的至少两个钢工件，所述焊缝包含镍和铁中的至少一种并且基本上完全不含硅酸盐岛；以及
与所述基本上完全不含硅酸盐岛的焊缝的至少一部分结合的涂布、磷化或电涂的涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的部件，其中所述焊缝包含铁。
3.根据权利要求1所述的部件，其中所述焊缝包含镍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的部件，其中所述涂层为涂布的涂层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的部件，其中所述涂层为磷化的涂层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的部件，其中所述涂层为电涂的涂层。
7.一种制造部件的方法，包括以下步骤：
将至少两个钢工件置于接合处；
使用激光束将所述工件中的每一个的一部分以及镍和铁中的至少一种的粉末熔融，以制造包含镍和铁中的至少一种并且基本上完全不含硅酸盐岛的焊缝；以及
通过涂布、磷化或电涂工艺在所述焊缝的至少一部分上施加涂层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述粉末为镍。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述粉末为铁。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述施加涂层的步骤进一步限定为对所述焊缝的至少一部分进行涂布。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述施加涂层的步骤进一步限定为对所述焊缝的至少一部分进行磷化。
12.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述施加涂层的步骤进一步限定为对所述焊缝的至少一部分进行电涂。
CN201380055252.8A 2012-10-24 2013-10-24 机动车部件的激光金属沉积焊接 Pending CN105408052A (zh)

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US201261718089P 2012-10-24 2012-10-24
US61/718,089 2012-10-24
PCT/US2013/066494 WO2014066569A1 (en) 2012-10-24 2013-10-24 Laser metal deposition welding of automotive parts

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