CN105392655A - 用于混合动力模块的分离离合器中的中间轴的支承装置 - Google Patents
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- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力模块的分离离合器,所述分离离合器具有中间轴,以便将转矩从内燃机驱动的曲轴传送给变速器输入端,其中中央法兰以固定至转子的方式存在,并且从动盘与转矩传递元件、例如齿板连接,并且其中存在至少一个变速器侧的导向轴承,以便至少径向地支承中间轴,其中变速器侧的导向轴承装配在转矩传递元件和中央法兰之间。本发明也涉及一种混合动力模块,其具有根据本发明的与转子集成的分离离合器和带有在下游连接的减振装置的曲轴。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的、例如客车或商用车的具有转子和定子的混合动力模块的分离离合器,所述分离离合器具有中间轴,以便将转矩从内燃机驱动的曲轴传送给变速器输入端,其中中央法兰以固定至转子的方式存在,并且从动盘与转矩传递元件、如齿板连接,并且其中存在至少一个变速器侧的导向轴承,以便至少径向地支承中间轴。
背景技术
具有与转子集成的分离离合器的混合动力模块在机动车辆中使用,尤其在发动机力矩小于或等于300Nm的情况下。当然也可能使用下述混合动力模块,在所述混合动力模块中出现更高的发动机力矩。然而,在第一类型的混合动力模块中,通常能够在分离离合器中弃用自由轮,这起减小成本的作用。
转矩传递装置例如从WO2011/072653A1中已知。在那里,在机动车辆的动力传动系中的转矩传递装置中,在内燃机的曲轴和车辆离合器或包括分离离合器以及双质量飞轮和电驱动器的变速器的变速器输入轴之间,通过分离离合器是多片式离合器的方式,在提高要传递的力矩的情况下减小需要的轴向结构空间,其中双质量飞轮和分离离合器在曲轴和车辆离合器或变速器输入轴之间串联设置,并且双质量飞轮在曲轴侧设置并且分离离合器在变速器输入轴侧或在车辆离合器侧设置,并且其中电驱动器的转子径向地包围分离离合器的一部分。
从更早的申请中,也已知具有固定机构的混合动力模块,以将混合动力模块与尤其双离合器的转矩传递装置、如转矩变换器或离合器优选可松开地固定,其中混合动力模块包括可与内燃机连接并且可围绕转动轴线转动的驱动轴和具有定子和转子和可与转子连接的输出构件的电动机,并且其中转矩传递装置具有用于与混合动力模块连接的传递构件,其中固定机构引起输出构件相对于传递构件的轴向的固定并且能够在固定机构和传递构件之间建立连接。
通常,将中间轴经由两个轴承即两个导向轴承定位。作为内燃机侧设置的导向轴承,通常将一维的径向轴承设置在曲轴或减振器和中间轴之间,而将二维的轴承、即径向和轴向作用的导向轴承在变速器侧设置在与转子集成的分离离合器中。
在迄今的实施方案中,所述二维的导向轴承在齿板的变速器输入端侧设置。这虽然能够借助附加的轴套实现简单地安装构件,然而对此需要增大的轴向的结构空间。中间轴在安装时与套装的变速器侧的导向轴承、轴套和齿板预安装并且推入到离合器单元中,随后通过固定/拧紧弯曲板/弯曲板而轴向固定,这虽然是非常简单的,但是用于特定的应用的轴向的结构空间需求是过大的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,消除现有技术的缺点并且将变速器侧的导向轴承设置成,使得节约轴向的结构空间。
所述目的根据本发明通过下述方式来实现:变速器侧的导向轴承装配在转矩传递元件和中央法兰之间。因此,所述变速器侧的导向轴承位于转矩传递元件和中央法兰之间,使得所述变速器侧的导向轴承起支撑作用。支撑作用在此沿轴向和/或径向方向确定。
有利的实施方式在从属权利要求中保护并且在下文中详细阐述。
因此,优点是,变速器侧的导向轴承构成为二维的轴承,例如构成为滚动轴承,以便沿轴向或径向方向起支承作用。作为滚动轴承,在此滚珠轴承和鼓形滚子轴承证实为是有利的。刚好这样证实的滚动轴承能够实现良好的成本-可靠性关系。
当内燃机侧的导向轴承以至少径向地支承中间轴的方式存在时,也改进动力传动系构成方案。
为了能够根据需要传递力,并且也能够有针对性地传递转矩,有利的是,内燃机侧的导向轴承构成为一维的轴承,例如构成为滑动轴承或构成为滚动轴承,尤其根据滚珠轴承或滚针轴承的类型。
一个尤其有利的实施例的特征也在于,内燃机侧的导向轴承的外部的轴承套是曲轴的和/或减振装置的一体的、构成滚道的一部分,减振装置为例如弧形弹簧减振器、使用直的压力弹簧的减振器或2质量飞轮/双质量飞轮。
也尤其适当的是,变速器侧的导向轴承设置在转矩传递机构与中间轴的接触点的内燃机侧。因此,变速器侧的导向轴承沿轴向方向观察与常规的设计方案相比更靠近曲轴设置。
在此,也有利的是,变速器侧的导向轴承设置在中央轴承的径向外部,所述中央轴承设置在中央法兰和保持离合器操作装置的套筒之间。在此,有利的是,力作用线穿过变速器侧的导向轴承穿过也称作为转子支撑轴承或仅称作为支撑轴承的中央轴承伸展,所述中央轴承能够双排地构成。
为了在支承系统中、尤其沿径向方向维持一定的柔度,有利的是,在中央法兰和变速器侧的导向轴承的内侧、例如变速器侧的导向轴承的内部轴承套的内侧面之间,在轴承座的区域中存在连续的、沿径向方向例如在大约5/100mm至大约2/10mm上延伸的间隙。在此,沿径向方向大约为1/10mm的间隙尺寸证实为是尤其有利的。可能的沿径向方向作用的例如通过非圆度造成的碰撞因此能够得到补偿。因此,在动力传动系中得到更安静的运行。
也尤其适当的是,在从动盘和转矩传递元件之间存在传送转矩的、但是使轴向力脱耦的连接,例如根据插接啮合的类型。这也对安装具有积极影响。
此外,有利地,变速器侧的导向轴承在其背离变速器的一侧上在转矩传递元件上锁紧和/或在其朝向变速器的一侧上锁紧、夹紧、抓紧或拧紧,例如通过使用在伸向外的、形成底切的突出部上存在/支撑的爪环。双重的锁紧解决方案不能松开、但是可快速地并且成本适当地制造,而使用弹簧弹性的元件的夹紧、抓紧或拧紧解决方案具有下述优点,其能够以生成力的方式再次松开并且补偿地作用于沿轴向方向作用的冲击。
一个有利的实施例的特征在于,在转矩传递元件中,存在一个贯通部或多个贯通部,例如根据贯通孔或钻孔的类型,以便借助工具能够到达变速器侧的导向轴承的内部轴承套的变速器侧的区域与其要在那里使用的轴向位置确定机构、例如锁紧装置或爪环。由此明显地简化安装。
本发明也涉及一种混合动力模块,所述混合动力模块具有根据本发明的类型的与转子集成的分离离合器和带有在下游连接的减振装置的曲轴。
换言之,中间轴在减振装置的输出侧和离合器输入侧/变速器输入侧经由曲轴中的一维的导向轴承和变速器侧的二维的导向轴承支承。变速器侧的二维的导向轴承在此径向地设置在分离离合器的支撑轴承/中央轴承上方,以便减小轴向的结构空间需求。
用于支撑中间轴的变速器侧的导向轴承设置成,使得其不需要附加的轴向的结构空间。这在该构造中尤其通过下述方式来确保,即变速器侧的导向轴承径向地设置在双排的中央轴承/支撑轴承上方。变速器侧的导向轴承、构成为齿板的转矩传递元件和从动盘对此因此是优化的。
安装的特征在于将中间轴与齿板铆接,以及将变速器侧的导向轴承压入到齿板中,并且将变速器侧的导向轴承经由锁紧装置固定在齿板上。所述锁紧装置例如能够是环绕的或者仅部分地构成,以便需要更小的锁紧力。特征也在于,进行由中间轴与齿板和变速器侧的轴承构成的轴单元到离合器单元中的推入步骤。在此,齿板借助从动盘在轴向的插接齿部中引导并且轴承在中央法兰中的径向的底座上引导。
轴承的轴向固定也通过在中央法兰上的另外的锁紧来执行。在此,锁紧工具穿过齿板中的凹部。齿板中的凹部的数量基本上根据相应的要求来适当地选择,优选最适当地为三个、四个、五个或六个至十二个凹部。凹部应当在直径上均匀地分布。工具也能够分成相应的区段。
双重的锁紧解决方案具有下述缺点,变速器侧的导向轴承与中间轴和齿板能够不再在没有破坏的情况下从中央法兰拆卸。同样地,变速器侧的导向轴承通过双侧的锁紧径向刚性地与齿板和中央法兰固定进而不能够补偿中央法兰的和从动盘的旋转轴线的可能的径向的错位。
使用爪环的变型形式因此是优选的。在此,也将中间轴与齿板铆接,然而随后将爪环置于齿板中,以便轴向地固定变速器侧的轴承。之后,将变速器侧的轴承推入到齿板中,使得爪环置于变速器侧的轴承和齿板之间。变速器侧的轴承但是仍然经由锁紧装置固定在齿板上。所述锁紧装置也能够环绕地构成或仅部分地构成,以便因此需要更少的锁紧力。
可见有利的是,将由中间轴与齿板、爪环和变速器侧的轴承构成的轴单元在离合器中接合。因此,将齿板借助离合器在轴向的插接齿部中引导并且将轴承在中央法兰中的径向的底座上引导。
通过齿板中的钻孔,将爪环借助于工具安装到中央法兰上。工具由各个冲头构成,所述冲头在环周之上分布。在中央法兰上存在倒棱,经由所述倒棱引导爪环。同样存在底切,爪环锁紧到所述底切中进而固定。在安装状态下,爪环的轴向力克服变速器侧的导向轴承作用。
在该设计方案中有利的是,变速器侧的导向轴承能够与中间轴、爪环和齿板在没有损坏的情况下拆卸。
同样地,通过爪环可能的是,能够在变速器侧的导向轴承和中央法兰之间(有针对性地)设定限定的径向的间隙。因此,从动盘的和中央法兰的旋转轴线的径向的错位能够得到补偿。
这种根据本发明的分离离合器尤其能够在混合动力模块中使用,所述混合动力模块使用2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、8或12缸的气门发动机。
附图说明
下面也借助于多个实施例参考附图来详细阐述本发明。因此示出:
图1示出混合动力模块的根据本发明的与转子集成的分离离合器的第一实施例的纵剖图,
图2和3示出图1中的实施例的一个变型形式,以及
图4示出第一实施例的在变速器侧的导向轴承的区域中的放大图。
附图仅是示意性的并且仅用于理解本发明。相同的元件设有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出根据本发明的分离离合器1。所述分离离合器在混合动力模块2中使用。分离离合器1和混合动力模块2是经过改型的动力传动系的一部分,所述动力传动系在机动车辆、例如客车或商用车中使用。分离离合器1包含中间轴3,借助于所述中间轴在可选地在中间连接具有弧形弹簧减振器6的减振装置的条件下并且在在中间连接壳体7的情况下将转矩从内燃机驱动的曲轴传送到变速器输入端8上。壳体7能够具有管的形状并且连接于电动机10的转子9。转子9在此通过由与定子11的作用关系引起的力而置于运动。
在壳体7上也以传递转矩的方式连接有径向向内伸出的中央法兰12。中央法兰12经由中央转子-/支撑轴承13支撑在承载件14上。经由触发装置15,与操作装置16的轴向运动相关地,压板17朝向固定至壳体的反压板/配合盘18运动,以便将从动盘19与在两侧安置在其上的摩擦衬片20夹紧,更确切地说根据操作状态。在从动盘19的径向内侧上存在齿部21,所述齿部与转矩传递元件22上的配合齿部以传递转矩的方式共同作用。转矩传递元件22成形为齿板23。齿板23经由多个铆钉24与中间轴3固定地连接。连接板25将壳体7的反压板/配合盘18与变速器输入端8连接。
在中央法兰12和齿板23之间设置有变速器侧的导向轴承26。导向轴承26构成为滚动轴承,即构成为滚珠轴承,并且具有滚珠状的滚动体27。根据爪环29的类型的轴向位置确定机构28在此安置在变速器侧的导向轴承26的变速器输入侧上并且接触变速器侧的导向轴承26的内部轴承套30。
在图4之前已经提到,在变速器侧的导向轴承26的朝向内燃机的一侧上设置有锁紧装置31,以用于轴向地定位变速器侧的导向轴承/轴轴承26的外部轴承套32。
爪环29在此借助径向内部的部段接合到凹陷部33中,所述凹陷部与突出部34共同作用地形成底切35。突出部34朝向变速器输入端的方向过渡到倒棱36中。为了能够精确地并且简单地定位轴向位置确定机构28、即爪环29,多个贯通部根据贯通孔38的类型加工到齿板23中。
在图2中在此示出第二实施例,然而其中替代爪环29使用锁紧装置31。
同样如图3中清晰可见的,在变速器侧的导向轴承26的轴承座39的区域中,存在在轴承座39的整个长度上延伸并且大约1/10mm沿径向方向延伸的间隙40。
由此,没有强制变速器侧的导向轴承26最终地并且刚性地轴向和/或径向接合到分离离合器1中,使得同轴度不能够引起高的力,进而明显减少损坏概率。
回到图1,仍解释的是,在一方面中间轴3和另一方面曲轴4的和减振装置5的几乎相同的部件之间设置有内燃机侧的导向轴承41。因为仅在中间轴3和曲轴4或减振装置5之间的振动的相对运动能被确定,所以可行的是,在此使用滑动轴承。
转矩传递元件22也能够称作为转矩传递机构。此外,在图2中的转矩传递机构/转矩传递元件22与中间轴3的接合点由附图标记42表示。
附图标记列表:
1分离离合器
2混合动力模块
3中间轴
4曲轴
5减振装置
6弧形弹簧减振器
7壳体
8变速器输入端
9转子
10电动机
11定子
12中央法兰
13中央-/转子-/支撑轴承
14承载件
15触发装置
16操作装置
17压板
18反压板/配合盘
19从动盘
20摩擦衬片
21齿部
22转矩传递元件
23齿板
24铆钉
25连接板
26变速器侧的导向轴承
27滚动体
28轴向位置确定机构
29爪环
30内部轴承套
31锁紧装置
32外部轴承套
33凹陷部
34突出部
35底切
36倒棱
37贯通部
38贯通孔
39轴承座
40间隙
41内燃机侧的导向轴承
42接触点
Claims (10)
1.一种用于混合动力模块(2)的分离离合器(1),所述分离离合器具有中间轴(3),以便将转矩从内燃机驱动的曲轴(4)传送给变速器输入端(8),其中中央法兰(12)以固定至转子的方式存在,并且从动盘(19)与转矩传递元件(22)、例如齿板(23)连接,并且其中存在至少一个变速器侧的导向轴承(26),以便至少径向地支承所述中间轴(3),
其特征在于,所述变速器侧的导向轴承(26)装配在所述转矩传递元件(22)和所述中央法兰(12)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分离离合器(1),其特征在于,所述变速器侧的导向轴承(26)构成为二维的轴承,例如构成为滚动轴承,以便沿轴向和/或径向方向起支承作用。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的分离离合器(1),其特征在于,内燃机侧的导向轴承(41)以至少径向地支承所述中间轴(3)的方式存在。
4.根据权利要求3所述的分离离合器(1),其特征在于,所述内燃机侧的导向轴承(41)构成为一维的轴承,例如构成为滑动轴承,或构成为滚动轴承,例如构成为滚珠轴承或滚针轴承。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的分离离合器(1),其特征在于,所述内燃机侧的导向轴承(41)的外部的轴承套是所述曲轴(4)的和/或减振装置(5)的一体的构成滚道的部分,所述减振装置(5)例如为弧形弹簧减振器(6)、使用直的压力弹簧的减振器或双质量飞轮。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的分离离合器(1),其特征在于,所述变速器侧的导向轴承(26)设置在所述转矩传递元件(22)与所述中间轴(3)的接触点(42)的内燃机侧。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的分离离合器(1),其特征在于,在所述中央法兰(12)和所述变速器侧的导向轴承(26)的内侧、例如所述变速器侧的导向轴承(26)的内部轴承套的内侧面之间,在所述轴承座(39)的区域中存在连续的间隙(40)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的分离离合器(1),其特征在于,在所述从动盘(19)和所述转矩传递元件(22)之间存在传送转矩的、但使轴向力脱耦的连接,例如根据插接啮合的类型的连接。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的分离离合器(1),其特征在于,所述变速器侧的导向轴承(26)在其背离变速器的一侧上锁紧在所述转矩传递元件(22)上和/或在其朝向变速器的一侧上锁紧、夹紧、抓紧或拧紧,例如利用在向外伸出、形成底切(35)的突出部(34)上支撑的爪环(29)。
10.一种混合动力模块(2),所述混合动力模块具有根据上述权利要求中任一项的与转子集成的分离离合器(1)和带有在下游连接的减振装置(5)的曲轴(4)。
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DE102014212799A1 (de) | 2015-01-15 |
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