CN105367234A - Cultivation and seedling growing matrix for melons and vegetables - Google Patents
Cultivation and seedling growing matrix for melons and vegetables Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105367234A CN105367234A CN201510810352.8A CN201510810352A CN105367234A CN 105367234 A CN105367234 A CN 105367234A CN 201510810352 A CN201510810352 A CN 201510810352A CN 105367234 A CN105367234 A CN 105367234A
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- Prior art keywords
- formaldehyde resin
- mushroom slag
- resin foam
- urea
- fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation and seedling growing matrix for melons and vegetables. The matrix is formed by uniform mixing of the following raw materials by weight: 10-25% of urea formaldehyde resin foam particles, 15-35% of fermented two-mushroom residue, and 30-55% of peat. The preparation method of the fermented two-mushroom residue includes: mixing agaricus bisporus residue with flammulina velutiper residue according to 1:(0.7-1.2), conducting windrow fermentation, when the temperature reaches above 65DEG C, conducting pile-turning once every day, and when water decreases to less than 40%, conducting sieving by a 5mm sieve, thus obtaining fluffy fermented two-mushroom residue. The urea formaldehyde resin foam involved in the invention is granular and has small particle size, is convenient for water retention and air permeability, is beneficial to rooting and fast sprouting, and also puts an end to the use of perlite and vermiculite, reduces the dust harmful to the human body in production, and has pH of 5.5, and after uniform mixing with the fully fermented two-mushroom residue, the pH is about 6.5. By using the above three raw materials, discharge of solid waste is reduced. As the urea formaldehyde resin foam particle production involves certain formaldehyde, various pathogens in the seedling growing and cultivation matrix can be effectively killed, thus avoiding the investment of bactericide before use by a user.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to cultivation and seedling medium technical field, particularly a kind of melon dish cultivation and seedling medium.
Background technology:
Soilless culture (soilessculture) refer to without natural soil with matrix or only nursery time matrix, carry out the cultivating method of irrigating with nutritive medium after field planting, crops for rotation can be increased, shorten crop cycle, therefore Economization on land, because soilless culture can the good rhizospheric environment of artificial creation, effectively prevent soil from connecting and do disease and soil salt accumulates the physiological barrier caused, fully meet crop to mineral nutrition, moisture, the needs of the envrionment conditionss such as gas, the basic material of cultivation again can recycle, therefore there is water-saving, economize fertile, saving of labor, high yield and high quality, the features such as environmental friendliness.
Live through the whole nation in 2010 on a large scale after snow disaster, industrial seedling rearing is accepted by many agriculture aspect knowledgeable people gradually, and this also greatly facilitates the research of the application aspect of seedling medium.Small particle size seed of vegetables and fruits because of the little root system of seed undeveloped, so general seedling medium emergence difficult, root system is easily destroyed, and seedling-slowing stage is long.Maximum seedling medium formulas is used to be: the peat composed of rotten mosses about 50%, vermiculite/perlite (or half-and-half) account for about 50%, and every cubic metre adds 2 ~ 5kg composite fertilizer.This formula is most widely used general in the whole world at present, is the generally acknowledged comparatively ideal nursery of small particle size seed of vegetables and fruits and cultivation matrix.But along with using in a large number year by year, it becomes clear day by day to society and negative effect of bringing of ecotope, and one side is mineral products due to perlite and vermiculite, need form through high-temperature calcination is expanded, not by soil degrading, and a large amount of use brings secondary pollution and ecological damage etc. to environment; On the other hand, along with nursery and cultivation matrix are widely applied, perlite, vermiculite are as non-renewable resource, topography and geomorphology considerable damage is caused by excessive exploitation, landslide, also because long-distance transport causes unnecessary tail gas pollution and society's waste, only Shang Dao bio tech ltd in Shandong just needs perlite and vermiculite 10 ten thousand stere every year, life-time service, the danger that part is economized, autonomous region's resource has exhaustion; Therefore, seek and excavate the excellent Novel seedling raising matrix of the be easy to get materials such as inexpensive, alternative perlite, vermiculite and cultivation matrix has become one of current researcher study hotspot.
Urea formaldehyde condensate foam is made up of Precondensed UreaFormaldehyde Resin, the thirties in last century is by German Research success, the forties is become to produce by BASF AG in batch, and after the fifties, the state such as Anglo-American Law has all produced in batches and used, and urea-formaldehyde resin has become the tackiness agent that China widely uses now.Urea formaldehyde resin foam has the plurality of advantages such as quality is light, water absorbing and retaining properties good, manufacture abundant raw material, cheap, technique is simple, soilless culture substrate newer at present adopts urea formaldehyde resin foam plate, earthing earth, sand thereon, rich Nitrogen element, but lack phosphorus, potassium, organic matter and micro-.This matrix due to wherein lower floor be the comparatively high consumption of tabular to urea formaldehyde resin foam, not ideal enough, nutritive substance is positioned at upper strata in addition, and seedling is taken root on urea formaldehyde resin foam plate, and nutritive substance is not easy to arrive root, and effect is not ideal enough; Further, the rear bad process of urea formaldehyde resin foam plate, to imbed in soil decomposition rate or not ideal enough, becomes more reluctant rubbish.
The fine and closely woven thickness of bisporous mushroom slag, can not ferment again, n p k nutrition composition is low, only have about 3%, not easily dewater, long-term storage also not easily shines drying, raft is deposited and still stickyly not to be done for 3 years, sewage is caused to flow over, it is the environmental protection sequela being difficult to effect a radical cure, and it is than great, every cubic metre of more than 800kg, therefore be difficult to utilize, the fluffy particle of needle mushroom slag is large, N-P-K content 5 ~ 7%, easily dry, proportion every cubic metre is at below 500kg, but because containing miscellaneous bacteria, be directly used in seedling medium and organic fertilizer production, easily grow needle mushroom, often affect young plant growth, cause product quality accident.
Summary of the invention:
Given this, be necessary design not containing perlite and vermiculite, be rich in a kind of melon dish cultivation and the seedling medium of urea formaldehyde resin foam particle.
A kind of melon dish cultivation and seedling medium, be made up of the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing of following weight percent:
Urea formaldehyde resin foam particle 10 ~ 25%, the two mushroom slag 15 ~ 35% of fermentation, the peat composed of rotten mosses 25 ~ 50%; Because small particle size seed of vegetables and fruits resistance is poor, to far be better than Large stone seed of vegetables and fruits to the dependence of the peat composed of rotten mosses and demand, so formula is particularly suitable for emerging of small particle size seed of vegetables and fruits;
Described urea formaldehyde resin foam particle preparation method: by the formaldehyde solution of 28% with 20% sodium hydroxide regulate pH value 5.8 ~ 6.4, formaldehyde solution polycondensation at 90 DEG C of urea and 28% is obtained urea-formaldehyde resin solution in 1 hour, by sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate and phosphoric acid mixed configuration expanding foam solution, stir after expanding foam solution produces a large amount of foam and join urea-formaldehyde resin solution continuation stirring, obtain urea formaldehyde resin foam thing, obtain urea formaldehyde resin foam particle finally by foam beads production unit, the particle diameter of urea formaldehyde resin foam particle is greater than 1mm and is less than 3mm; Because urea formaldehyde resin foam adds urea and phosphoric acid in preparation technology, be rich in the mineral matter nutritional of nitrogen required for small particle size melon dish and phosphorus, and releasing nutrients composition gradually can be expanded along with root system, remove from because the inaccurate burning seedling phenomenon caused of disposable quantitative increase chemical fertilizer quantity; In addition according to the size of small particle size seed of vegetables and fruits, by the size controlling of urea formaldehyde resin foam particle at 1 ~ 3mm, be conducive to the water conservation premium of small particle size seed of vegetables and fruits and emerge.
The large-scale matrix factory of each annual output 10 ten thousand stere can produce urea formaldehyde resin foam particle in batches in locality by supporting purchase of equipment, production limit, limit uses, the water base urea-formaldehyde resin of 50% content per ton can produce 25 ~ 30 cubic metres of urea resin particles, can significantly reduce the freight to reduce production cost.This material has the plurality of advantages such as quality is light, water absorbing and retaining properties good, manufacture abundant raw material, cheap, technique is simple, urea formaldehyde resin foam particle is adopted to replace vermiculite and perlite, through becoming matrix with peat composed of rotten mosses mixture, the peat composed of rotten mosses can provide the nutrition of organic matter, humic acid and potassium.
The preparation method of the two mushroom slag of described fermentation: bisporous mushroom slag and needle mushroom slag are pressed 1:(0.7 ~ 1.2) mixing, now carbon-nitrogen ratio adjusts in (25 ~ 30) just: 1, the water content of mixture (i.e. two mushroom slag) is 60 ~ 70%, carry out the fermentation of bar buttress formula, play temperature fast, after temperature reaches more than 65 DEG C, turning every day once, treats that moisture is down to less than 40%, sieve with 5 mm sieves, the two mushroom slag of namely obtained fluffy fermentation; The two mushroom slag of fermentation is in alkalescence, and pH, 7.5 ~ 8.5, can form good nursery and cultivation matrix raw material; By the difference of bisporous mushroom slag and needle mushroom slag proportioning, it is 18 ~ 23 days that moisture is down to less than 40% required number of days.
Preferably, if desired fermentation is fast, dehydration is fast, then in the preparation method of the two mushroom slag of fermentation, also will add VT-aerobic fermentation bacterium, and VT-aerobic fermentation bacterium is 1:(2000 ~ 3000 with the mass ratio of two mushroom slag).
Preferably, bisporous mushroom slag and needle mushroom slag ratio of mixture are 1:1.
Urea formaldehyde resin foam of the present invention is granular, except the micro-pore of urea formaldehyde resin foam granule interior itself, owing to have selected 1-3 millimeter urea formaldehyde resin foam particle, its particle diameter is little, be convenient to water conservation, breathe freely, be beneficial to take root, sprout fast, stopped the use of perlite, vermiculite, dust harmful in production reduces by more than 80%, its pH5.5 simultaneously, warp and the two mushroom slag Homogeneous phase mixing fully fermented, pH is about 6.5; Bisporous mushroom slag itself is unfermentable, but obtains good fermenting speed under can not using additional zymophyte situation after mixing by said ratio with needle mushroom slag, effectively utilizes bisporous mushroom slag, turns waste into wealth, and obtains the multiple benefits such as economy, environment; The utilization of urea formaldehyde resin foam particle solves depending on unduly perlite and vermiculite, makes Sustainable development become possibility.In addition, because urea formaldehyde resin foam particle contains certain formaldehyde in producing, effectively kill the various pathogeny bacterium in nursery and cultivation matrix, eliminate the input that user uses front necessary adding of germicide.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1: a kind of melon dish cultivation and seedling medium, be made up of the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing of following weight percent:
Urea formaldehyde resin foam particle 10 ~ 25%, the two mushroom slag 15 ~ 35% of fermentation, the peat composed of rotten mosses 30 ~ 55%;
Described urea formaldehyde resin foam particle preparation method: by the formaldehyde solution of 28% with 20% sodium hydroxide regulate pH value 5.8 ~ 6.4, formaldehyde solution polycondensation at 90 DEG C of urea and 28% is obtained urea-formaldehyde resin solution in 1 hour, by sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate and phosphoric acid mixed configuration expanding foam solution, stir after expanding foam solution produces a large amount of foam and join urea-formaldehyde resin solution continuation stirring, obtain urea formaldehyde resin foam thing, obtain urea formaldehyde resin foam particle finally by foam beads production unit, the particle diameter of urea formaldehyde resin foam particle is greater than 1mm and is less than 3mm;
The preparation method of the two mushroom slag of described fermentation: bisporous mushroom slag and needle mushroom slag are pressed 1:0.7 mixing, and add VT-aerobic fermentation bacterium, VT-aerobic fermentation bacterium is 1:2200 with the mass ratio of two mushroom slag, now carbon-nitrogen ratio adjusts in (25 ~ 30) just: 1, the water content of mixture (i.e. two mushroom slag) is 60 ~ 70%, carry out the fermentation of bar buttress formula, play temperature fast, after temperature reaches more than 65 DEG C, turning every day once, after general 8 days, moisture is down to less than 40%, sieve with 5 mm sieves, the two mushroom slag of namely obtained fluffy fermentation; The two mushroom slag of fermentation is in alkalescence, and pH, 7.5 ~ 8.5, can form good nursery and cultivation matrix raw material.
Embodiment 2: a kind of melon dish cultivation and seedling medium, be made up of the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing of following weight percent:
Urea formaldehyde resin foam particle 10 ~ 25%, the two mushroom slag 15 ~ 35% of fermentation, the peat composed of rotten mosses 30 ~ 55%;
Described urea formaldehyde resin foam particle preparation method: by the formaldehyde solution of 28% with 20% sodium hydroxide regulate pH value 5.8 ~ 6.4, formaldehyde solution polycondensation at 90 DEG C of urea and 28% is obtained urea-formaldehyde resin solution in 1 hour, by sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate and phosphoric acid mixed configuration expanding foam solution, stir after expanding foam solution produces a large amount of foam and join urea-formaldehyde resin solution continuation stirring, obtain urea formaldehyde resin foam thing, obtain urea formaldehyde resin foam particle finally by foam beads production unit, the particle diameter of urea formaldehyde resin foam particle is greater than 1mm and is less than 3mm;
The preparation method of the two mushroom slag of described fermentation: bisporous mushroom slag and needle mushroom slag are pressed 1:1.1 mixing, now carbon-nitrogen ratio adjusts in (25 ~ 30) just: 1, the water content of mixture (i.e. two mushroom slag) is 60 ~ 70%, carry out the fermentation of bar buttress formula, play temperature fast, after temperature reaches more than 65 DEG C, turning every day once, and after general 20 days, moisture is down to less than 40%, sieve with 5 mm sieves, the two mushroom slag of namely obtained fluffy fermentation; The two mushroom slag of fermentation is in alkalescence, and pH, 7.5 ~ 8.5, can form good nursery and cultivation matrix raw material.
Claims (3)
1. the cultivation of melon dish and a seedling medium, is characterized in that: be made up of the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing of following weight percent:
Urea formaldehyde resin foam particle 10 ~ 25%, the two mushroom slag 15 ~ 35% of fermentation, the peat composed of rotten mosses 30 ~ 55%;
Described urea formaldehyde resin foam particle preparation method: by the formaldehyde solution of 28% with 20% sodium hydroxide regulate pH value 5.8 ~ 6.4, formaldehyde solution polycondensation at 90 DEG C of urea and 28% is obtained urea-formaldehyde resin solution in 1 hour, by sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate and phosphoric acid mixed configuration expanding foam solution, stir after expanding foam solution produces a large amount of foam and join urea-formaldehyde resin solution continuation stirring, obtain urea formaldehyde resin foam thing, obtain urea formaldehyde resin foam particle finally by foam beads production unit, the particle diameter of urea formaldehyde resin foam particle is greater than 1mm and is less than 3mm;
The preparation method of the two mushroom slag of described fermentation: bisporous mushroom slag and needle mushroom slag are pressed 1:(0.7 ~ 1.2) mixing, carry out the fermentation of bar buttress formula, after temperature reaches more than 65 DEG C, turning every day once, treat that moisture is down to less than 40%, sieve with 5 mm sieves, the two mushroom slag of namely obtained fluffy fermentation.
2. a kind of melon dish cultivation as claimed in claim 1 and seedling medium, is characterized in that: also will add VT-aerobic fermentation bacterium in the preparation method of the two mushroom slag of fermentation, VT-aerobic fermentation bacterium is 1:(2000 ~ 3000 with the mass ratio of two mushroom slag).
3. a kind of melon dish cultivation as claimed in claim 1 and seedling medium, is characterized in that: bisporous mushroom slag and needle mushroom slag ratio of mixture are 1:1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510810352.8A CN105367234A (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2015-11-19 | Cultivation and seedling growing matrix for melons and vegetables |
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| CN201510810352.8A CN105367234A (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2015-11-19 | Cultivation and seedling growing matrix for melons and vegetables |
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| CN105367234A true CN105367234A (en) | 2016-03-02 |
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| CN201510810352.8A Pending CN105367234A (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2015-11-19 | Cultivation and seedling growing matrix for melons and vegetables |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106718773A (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-05-31 | 山东商道生物科技股份有限公司 | Contain the biological seedling and culture matrix of closely questioning anti-crop disease |
| CN108739389A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽省兰香缘农业生态发展有限责任公司 | A kind of phosphorus magnesium for Ginger Tissue cultivation nursery promotees to release the preparation method of adhesive matrix block |
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| EP0000375A1 (en) * | 1977-07-16 | 1979-01-24 | Wilfried Lormann | Application of a foam plastic as supporting material for plants |
| CN101134803A (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2008-03-05 | 北京市农林科学院 | Urea-formaldehyde foam plant cultivation substrate and method for preparing the same |
| CN101548638A (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2009-10-07 | 刘兴国 | Super absorbent soil reclamation plant growth substance and preparation method thereof |
| CN102277175A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-12-14 | 赵艳丽 | Urea formaldehyde foam composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN102898239A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-01-30 | 辽宁山水城市园林景观有限公司 | Growth and cultivation matrix used for ecological remediation and preparation method thereof |
| CN103098688A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-15 | 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司 | Wall body greening composite culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN103242065A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-08-14 | 山东商道生物科技有限公司 | Double-mushroom-residue full organic cultivation medium |
-
2015
- 2015-11-19 CN CN201510810352.8A patent/CN105367234A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0000375A1 (en) * | 1977-07-16 | 1979-01-24 | Wilfried Lormann | Application of a foam plastic as supporting material for plants |
| CN101134803A (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2008-03-05 | 北京市农林科学院 | Urea-formaldehyde foam plant cultivation substrate and method for preparing the same |
| CN101548638A (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2009-10-07 | 刘兴国 | Super absorbent soil reclamation plant growth substance and preparation method thereof |
| CN102277175A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-12-14 | 赵艳丽 | Urea formaldehyde foam composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN103098688A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-15 | 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司 | Wall body greening composite culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN102898239A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-01-30 | 辽宁山水城市园林景观有限公司 | Growth and cultivation matrix used for ecological remediation and preparation method thereof |
| CN103242065A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-08-14 | 山东商道生物科技有限公司 | Double-mushroom-residue full organic cultivation medium |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106718773A (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-05-31 | 山东商道生物科技股份有限公司 | Contain the biological seedling and culture matrix of closely questioning anti-crop disease |
| CN108739389A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽省兰香缘农业生态发展有限责任公司 | A kind of phosphorus magnesium for Ginger Tissue cultivation nursery promotees to release the preparation method of adhesive matrix block |
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Address after: 250002 Changqing City, Ji'nan Province Ping Street office in the middle of the road in the middle of the road four, Shandong Applicant after: Shandong bizpath biological Polytron Technologies Inc Address before: 250002 Changqing City, Ji'nan Province Ping Street office in the middle of the road in the middle of the road four, Shandong Applicant before: Shandong Shangdao Biotech Co., Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20160302 |