CN105340499A - 药材保鲜方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种药材保鲜方法、以及一种小包装的药材,包括药材、以及封装所述药材的封装材料,包装时的设备、环境、和操作流程形成完整的控制系统。其中,所述药材经过除菌和保鲜剂喷洒。本发明采用了保鲜剂及天然材质透气膜的双重保鲜技术,在使用的时候,能够很好的避免鲜药材的水分流失,同时能抑制细菌等的滋长。本发明可进行定量的小包装,简便、卫生,剂量准确,外观性状保持良好,同时符合医院及药房的开方特点,方便临床试用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新鲜中药材处理和保存方法,尤其涉及一种能够长时间储存的鲜药材保鲜方法。
背景技术
鲜药材的应用一直贯穿于中医药学发展的全过程。随着中医温病学说的形成与发展,对鲜药材特殊功效的认识亦更加深入,从而形成了中医用药的一大特色。传统的鲜药保鲜方法有自然贮藏法、沙藏法、沙植法、冰箱贮藏法等。
自然贮藏法:该方法较简单,不需要特殊设备和场地,可选择通风、干湿适度、凉爽的地方作为贮藏地,将药材自然堆放,每隔15-20天翻晾一次,随时淘汰腐烂者。适用于含水分较多,肉质肥厚的根茎类药材,如藕、葛根等。
沙藏法:选择空气清新、通风、湿润的地方,将药材埋于以适量的水湿润的细沙中,不宜过干或过湿。适用于生姜、首乌、地黄等根茎类药材的贮藏保鲜。
沙植法:选择通风阴凉的地方作贮藏室,在无盖木箱中加入不带泥的湿沙,将药材植于沙石箱中。适用于以茎叶入药的药材。
冰箱贮藏法:将清洗干净的药材分类扎成小把或装入袋中,或用塑料药膜包裹放入冰箱或冷藏柜,有特殊气味的应单贮藏,温度控制在3-5℃,在贮藏过程中应随时翻拣,去除腐烂变质者。适用于全草和小根茎类药材。
传统保鲜方法相对操作简便,在新鲜中药的贮藏中起着重要作用,其中的大部分方法目前仍在应用,但由于条件的限制,其保存数量有限、周期较短及损耗较多等不足之处也显而易见。
虽然目前有关新鲜中药的研究取得了一定进展,但仍然面临着很多问题与困难。由于鲜药的保鲜技术落后,贮藏及运输成本较高,大部分药材公司与药店均无鲜药供应,当地医生处方习惯用干品代替鲜药材,使鲜药难以在现代临床中广泛使用。
发明内容
针对目前鲜药材保鲜技术存在的不足,本发明提供了一种针对新鲜药材的保鲜方法。
本发明第一个方面是提供一种药材保鲜方法,步骤包括:
将采收的鲜药材进行整理,包括鲜药材剪切及清洗;
将鲜药材进行除菌处理后,晾干;
将鲜药材与保鲜剂接触,晾干;
将鲜药材用封装材料进行封装。
本发明第二个方面是提供一种包装的药材,包括药材、以及封装所述药材的封装材料,其中,所述药材经过消毒和保鲜剂喷洒。
其中,所述鲜药材进行除菌处理后,置于十万级或以上洁净室内进行摊晾。
其中,所述与保鲜剂接触以及封装,均在100级或以上的超净环境内进行。
其中,所述将鲜药材与保鲜剂接触,选自浸泡、喷洒中的任意一种或几种。
在一种优选实施例中,将鲜药材进行保鲜剂喷洒,摊晾。
其中,所述除菌处理,可以是通过高温除菌、化学除菌、辐射除菌、臭氧除菌等,如红外线除菌、紫外线除菌、微波除菌、巴氏消毒、煮沸除菌、蒸汽除菌、消毒剂除菌等。并优选为紫外除菌、微波除菌、煮沸除菌、消毒剂除菌中的一种或几种。
其中,所述保鲜剂由壳寡糖、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、山梨酸钾中的一种或几种组成,溶剂为超纯水。
其中,所述封装材料,优选为天然材质透气膜,其生产工艺与PE塑料膜相同。
其中,所述天然材质透气膜的成膜材料成分为海洋生物与动植物原料提取混合物。
其中,所述天然材质透气膜的水蒸气渗透率优选为2×10-12--2.5×10-12g/m·s·Pa。
其中,所述天然材质透气膜的二氧化碳渗透率优选为3×10-17--4×10-17g/m·s·Pa。
其中,所述天然材质透气膜的氧气渗透率优选为6×10-16--7×10-16g/m·s·Pa。
其中,本发明所述药材可以是根和根茎类药材中的任意一种或几种,例如石斛、大戟、沙参、太子参、华山参、人参、三七、麦冬、葛根、天麻、甘草、木香、黄连、芦根、牛膝、地黄、鱼腥草、沙参、当归、龙胆、川乌、何首乌、细辛、藜芦、川芎、苍术、石菖蒲、姜、半夏、狗脊、绵马贯众等。
在一种优选实施例中,所述封装后的药材优选为进行冷藏。
在一种优选实施例中,所述药材用天然材质透气膜封装成一束后,置入另一天然材质透气膜中封装。
本发明所使用的天然材质透气膜,可以很好地防止鲜药材的水分散失,还能有效阻隔外界环境的污染。
本发明采用了保鲜剂及天然材质透气膜的双重保鲜技术,在使用的时候,能够很好的避免鲜药材的水分流失,同时能抑制细菌等的滋长。
本发明可进行定量的小包装,简便、卫生,同时符合医院及药房的开方特点,方便临床试用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1封装后的鲜药材图片;
图2为实施例2封装后的鲜药材图片;
图3为实施例3封装后的鲜药材图片;
图4为实施例4封装后的鲜药材图片
图5为实施例5封装后的鲜药材图片。
具体实施方式
以鲜石斛为例,下面对本发明方法进行详细的介绍和描述。
实施例1
①整理:将采收下来的鲜石斛除杂并剪切成段,用符合国家饮用标准的流水冲洗20分钟后,置于阴凉处摊晾20分钟。
②除菌处理:将摊晾后的鲜石斛用消毒剂进行喷洒处理,并置于100级超净环境内摊晾20分钟
③保鲜处理:100级超净环境内,将经除菌处理后的鲜石斛均匀喷上保鲜剂后,摊晾20分钟。
④封装:100级超净环境内,称取规定重量的鲜石斛用天然材质透气膜封装成一束,7束为一板,并放入另一天然材质透气膜中进行封装。
⑤保存:将封装好的鲜石斛在2℃~8℃环境下冷藏保存。
实施例2
①整理:将采收下来的鲜石斛除杂并剪切成段,用符合国家饮用标准的流水冲洗20分钟后,置于阴凉处摊晾20分钟。
②除菌处理:将摊晾后的鲜石斛用沸水煮60秒,并置于100级超净环境内摊晾20分钟。
③保鲜处理:在100级超净环境内,将经除菌处理后的鲜石斛均匀喷上保鲜剂后,摊晾20分钟。
④封装:在100级超净环境内,称取规定重量的鲜石斛用天然材质透气膜封装成一束,7束为一板,并放入另一天然材质透气膜中进行封装。
⑤保存:将封装好的鲜石斛在2℃~8℃环境下冷藏保存。
实施例3
①整理:将采收下来的鲜石斛除杂并剪切成段,用符合国家饮用标准的流水冲洗20分钟后,置于阴凉处摊晾20分钟。
②除菌处理:将摊晾后的鲜石斛用沸水煮60秒后取出,再用消毒剂进行喷洒处理,并置于100级超净环境内摊晾20分钟。
③保鲜处理:在100级超净环境内,将经除菌处理后的鲜石斛均匀喷上保鲜剂后,摊晾20分钟。
④封装:在100级超净环境内,称取规定重量的鲜石斛用天然材质透气膜封装成一束,7束为一板,并放入另一天然材质透气膜中进行封装。
⑤保存:将封装好的鲜石斛在2℃~8℃环境下冷藏保存。
实施例4
①整理:将采收下来的鲜石斛除杂并剪切成段,用符合国家饮用标准的流水冲洗20分钟后,置于阴凉处摊晾20分钟。
②除菌处理:将摊晾后的鲜石斛用消毒剂进行喷洒处理,并置于100级超净环境内摊晾20分钟,再用紫外灯照射20分钟,进行二次除菌。
③保鲜处理:在100级超净环境内,将经消毒处理后的鲜石斛均匀喷上保鲜剂后,摊晾20分钟。
④封装:在100级超净环境内,称取规定重量的鲜石斛用天然材质透气膜封装成一束,7束为一板,并放入另一天然材质透气膜中进行封装。
⑤保存:将封装好的鲜石斛在2℃~8℃环境下冷藏保存。
实施例5
①整理:将采收下来的鲜石斛除杂并剪切成段,用符合国家饮用标准的流水冲洗20分钟后,置于阴凉处摊晾20分钟。
②除菌处理:将摊晾后的鲜石斛用消毒剂进行喷洒处理,并置100级超净环境内摊晾20分钟。
③保鲜处理:在100级超净环境内,将经除菌处理后的鲜石斛均匀喷上保鲜剂后,摊晾20分钟,再用紫外灯照射20分钟,再次进行除菌处理。
④封装:在100级超净环境内,称取规定重量的鲜石斛用天然材质透气膜封装成一束,7束为一板,并放入另一天然材质透气膜中进行封装。
⑤保存:将封装好的鲜石斛在2℃~8℃环境下冷藏保存。
各实施例实施效果结果对比:
1,各实施例实验结果:
下面是本发明上述各实施例中鲜石斛封装几周后的实验结果。
各实施例一周后实验结果
其中,“-”表示为检出,“+”表示检出,下同。
各实施例二周后实验结果
各实施例三周后实验结果
各实施例四周后实验结果
各实施例实验结果分析:以上实验结果表明,实施例1、2、3、4、5的菌落总数、霉菌菌落数及大肠埃希氏菌在菌检实验进行到1个月的时候,均在国标要求范围内,说明经过保鲜剂及天然材质透气膜的双重保鲜技术,能够很好地抑制细菌等的滋长,且鲜石斛外观特征良好,依旧新鲜。
2,各实施例水分散失情况:
各实施例水分散失情况
样品 | 2周 | 4周 |
未经处理鲜石斛 | 7.38% | 19.07% |
实施例1 | 4.01% | 9.67% |
实施例2 | 2.68% | 7.09% |
实施例3 | 2.45% | 6.97% |
实施例4 | 3.64% | 8.89% |
实施例5 | 3.51% | 8.40% |
各实施例水分散失情况分析:以上实验结果表明,实施例1、2、3、4、5的水分散失,均远低于未经处理的鲜石斛的水分散失,说明经过保鲜剂及天然材质透气膜的双重保鲜技术,能够很好的避免鲜药材的水分流失。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种药材保鲜方法,其特征在于,步骤包括:
将采收的鲜药材进行整理,包括鲜药材剪切及清洗;
将鲜药材进行除菌处理后,晾干;
将鲜药材与保鲜剂接触,晾干;
将鲜药材用封装材料进行封装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述除菌处理方法为紫外除菌、微波除菌、煮沸除菌、消毒剂除菌中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述保鲜剂由壳寡糖、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、山梨酸钾中的一种或几种组成,溶剂为超纯水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述除菌后的晾干,置于十万级或以上洁净室内进行摊晾。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述与保鲜剂接触以及封装,均在100级或以上的超净环境内进行。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述将鲜药材与保鲜剂接触,选自浸泡、喷洒中的任意一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述封装材料为天然材质透气膜。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述药材选自根和根茎类新鲜药材中的任意一种或几种。
9.一种包装的药材,其特征在于,包括药材、以及封装所述药材的封装材料,其中,所述药材经过除菌和保鲜剂喷洒。
10.根据权利要求9所述的包装的药材,其特征在于,所述封装材料为天然材质透气膜。
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CN110447805A (zh) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-15 | 贵州省普安县普白珍稀资源开发有限公司 | 一种天麻保鲜方法 |
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