CN105330440A - Rice dry seedling raising substrate and production method thereof - Google Patents
Rice dry seedling raising substrate and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105330440A CN105330440A CN201510880426.5A CN201510880426A CN105330440A CN 105330440 A CN105330440 A CN 105330440A CN 201510880426 A CN201510880426 A CN 201510880426A CN 105330440 A CN105330440 A CN 105330440A
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Abstract
The invention provides a rice dry seedling raising substrate, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The invention aims at providing a substrate which takes industrial tailings and agricultural residues as the raw materials and is suitable for rice dry seedling raising and a preparation method of the substrate. The substrate is prepared from, by weight, diatomite tailings, bentonite, biochar, vermiculite, organic fertilizer and manure. The rice dry seedling raising substrate is prepared by utilizing the diatomite tailings which are wide in source and low in cost for replacing soil and matching the diatomite tailings with appropriate proportions of other raw materials. The rice dry seedling raising substrate has the advantages that moisture and fertility are preserved, the buffering action is great, air permeability and warming are achieved, the nutrition is balanced, the unit weight of the substrate is small, transport is convenient, the technology is simple, operation is convenient, the labor intensity is low, soil-borne diseases do not exist, the rice seedling quality is good, the seeding raising cost is low, and management is easy. By utilizing the rice dry seedling raising substrate for conducting rice seedling raising, industrial and agricultural waste material resources are fully utilized, existing seedling raising equipment does not needs to be replaced and remolded, acceptability of farmers is rapid, technology transition can be directly achieved, and the rice dry seedling raising substrate is suitable for family seedling raising, industrial seedling raising, mechanical rice transplantation and manual rice transplantation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Paddy rice is one of China's staple food crop, recent years, and along with the further expansion of Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area, what China was traditional fetch earth, and seedling raising method engenders the obstacle being difficult to go beyond.On the one hand; arbitrarily fetch earth and can increase the weight of the consumption of soil resource, destroy topsoil, thus fetch earth nowhere; become the seedling difficult problem that peasant is maximum; on the other hand, because the amount of fetching earth is large, if all fetch earth from occurring in nature; ecotope must be destroyed; this and ecological protection conflict again, and this contradiction is more and more obvious, as problems such as mountain region, the good farmland ecological damage that causes because fetching earth and soil erosions.
In addition, traditional seedling raising method seedling difficult quality guarantee.Because bed soil for raising seedlings mostly takes from field, affect seriously by agricultural chemicals and weedicide, and the requirement of raising rice seedlings to bed soil is strict, in addition water and fertilizer management is numerous and diverse, disease pest and weed prevention and control technology is high, difficulty is large, careless slightlyly often will occur that bacterial wilt, damping-off etc. cause seedling failure, not only wasting manpower and material resources, also may delay farming season, cause grain drop in production.
Artificial seedling raising ground substance then can solve the shortcoming of traditional seedling, and there is preserve moisture and fertility, nutrient is coordinated, permeability is good, without the advantage such as disease and pest, good heat insulating.
Such as: disclose in Chinese patent CN200910029966.7 a kind of with agriculture and forestry organic waste material be material, the seedling raising ground substance of rice mechanization rice transplanting and production method thereof, through multiple beneficial fermentable, organic substrate is mixed with fertilizer slow release, binding agent, water-holding agent, but its complex process.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of is raw-material with industrial tailings, agricultural wastes, is applicable to paddy drought seedling matrix and preparation method thereof.
The weight part that the present invention forms formula is:
Diatomite mine tailing 30-50
Wilkinite 10-30
Charcoal 3-20
Vermiculite 20-30
Fertilizer 7-20
Fertilizer 0.12-1.5.
Diatomite mine tailing of the present invention is the diatomite that diatomite ore is discarded, and it is three grades of diatomite by diatomite industry standard JC/T414-2000 criteria for classification.
Fertilizer of the present invention is by weight containing nitrogenous fertilizer 0.2-0.3, phosphate fertilizer 0.025, potash fertilizer 0.06.
The particle diameter of diatomite mine tailing of the present invention, vermiculite, charcoal, fertilizer is less than 2mm, and bentonitic particle diameter is less than 1mm.
The production method of dry seedling bed of rice matrix of the present invention, the steps include:
(1) diatomite mine tailing, charcoal, wilkinite, fertilizer, vermiculite are mixed by weight, be fully uniformly mixed seedling medium premixture is for subsequent use;
(2) get ammonium sulfate 0.7-1.3 by matrix weight part, double superhosphate 0.06-0.12, potassium sulfate 0.01-1.2, fully grinds, and all crosses 0.5mm sieve, is evenly sprinkled in seedling medium premixture prepared by above-mentioned steps (1), fully mixes matrix is for subsequent use;
(3) spray into after being mixed with moisture by vitriol oil 2.2-3.4 in the obtained matrix of above-mentioned steps (2), water content of substrate controls at 30%-40%, and mixing, place after 24 hours, substrate pH is 5-5.5, obtains dry seedling bed of rice matrix.
The present invention utilizes wide material sources, diatomite mine tailing with low cost replaces soil, coordinate other raw material of suitable proportion, a kind of paddy drought seedling matrix made, matrix of the present invention have preserve moisture and fertility, resiliency large, breathe freely, heat, balanced in nutrition, matrix unit weight is little, convenient transportation, technique are simple, easy to operate, labour intensity is low, without soil-borne disease, seedling quality is good, seedling cost is low, the advantage such as manageable; Paddy drought seedling matrix of the present invention is used to carry out raising rice seedlings, agriculture and industry waste resource is not only made to be fully used, and without the need to changing and transforming existing seedling equipment, peasant accepts soon, can directly actualizing technology transition, be suitable for family's seedling, industrial sprout cultivation, machine rice transplantation and transplanting rice seedling by hand.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the XRD figure spectrum of diatomite mine tailing;
Fig. 2 is the adsorptive capacity diagram of example a pair N, P, K.
Embodiment
The weight part that the present invention forms formula is:
Diatomite mine tailing 30-50
Wilkinite 10-30
Charcoal 3-20
Vermiculite 20-30
Fertilizer 7-20
Fertilizer 0.12-1.5.
Diatomite mine tailing of the present invention is the diatomite that diatomite ore is discarded, and it is three grades of diatomite by diatomite industry standard JC/T414-2000 criteria for classification.
Fertilizer of the present invention is by weight containing nitrogenous fertilizer 0.2-0.3, phosphate fertilizer 0.025, potash fertilizer 0.06.
The particle diameter of diatomite mine tailing of the present invention, vermiculite, charcoal, fertilizer is less than 2mm, and bentonitic particle diameter is less than 1mm.
The production method of dry seedling bed of rice matrix of the present invention, the steps include:
(1) diatomite mine tailing, charcoal, wilkinite, fertilizer, vermiculite are mixed by weight, be fully uniformly mixed seedling medium premixture is for subsequent use;
(2) get ammonium sulfate 0.7-1.3 by matrix weight part, double superhosphate 0.06-0.12, potassium sulfate 0.01-1.2, fully grinds, and all crosses 0.5mm sieve, is evenly sprinkled in seedling medium premixture prepared by above-mentioned steps (1), fully mixes matrix is for subsequent use;
(3) spray into after being mixed with moisture by vitriol oil 2.2-3.4 in the obtained matrix of above-mentioned steps (2), water content of substrate controls at 30%-40%, and mixing, place after 24 hours, substrate pH is 5-5.5, obtains dry seedling bed of rice matrix.The usage quantity of the vitriol oil is that the matrix obtained according to step per ton (2) uses 2.2 liters-3.4 liters.
Embodiment 1:
The weight part that the present invention forms formula is:
Diatomite mine tailing 30
Wilkinite 10
Charcoal 3
Vermiculite 20
Fertilizer 7
Fertilizer 0.12.
Wherein contain nitrogenous fertilizer 0.2, phosphate fertilizer 0.025, potash fertilizer 0.06 in fertilizer.
(1) diatomite mine tailing, charcoal, wilkinite, fertilizer, vermiculite are mixed by weight, be fully uniformly mixed seedling medium premixture is for subsequent use;
(2) get ammonium sulfate 0.7 by matrix weight part, double superhosphate 0.06, potassium sulfate 0.01, fully grinds, and all crosses 0.5mm sieve, is evenly sprinkled in seedling medium premixture prepared by above-mentioned steps (1), fully mixes matrix is for subsequent use;
(3) spray into after being mixed with moisture by vitriol oil 2.2-3.4 in the obtained matrix of above-mentioned steps (2), water content of substrate controls at 30%-40%, and mixing, place after 24 hours, substrate pH is 5-5.5, obtains dry seedling bed of rice matrix.
Embodiment 2:
The weight part that the present invention forms formula is:
Diatomite mine tailing 40
Wilkinite 25
Charcoal 12
Vermiculite 15
Fertilizer 14
Fertilizer 0.8.
Wherein contain nitrogenous fertilizer 0.25, phosphate fertilizer 0.025, potash fertilizer 0.06 in fertilizer.
The production method of dry seedling bed of rice matrix of the present invention, the steps include:
(1) diatomite mine tailing, charcoal, wilkinite, fertilizer, vermiculite are mixed by weight, be fully uniformly mixed seedling medium premixture is for subsequent use;
(2) get ammonium sulfate 1 by matrix weight part, double superhosphate 0.09, potassium sulfate 0.6, fully grinds, and all crosses 0.5mm sieve, is evenly sprinkled in seedling medium premixture prepared by above-mentioned steps (1), fully mixes matrix is for subsequent use;
(3) spray into after being mixed with moisture by vitriol oil 2.2-3.4 in the obtained matrix of above-mentioned steps (2), water content of substrate controls at 30%-40%, and mixing, place after 24 hours, substrate pH is 5-5.5, obtains dry seedling bed of rice matrix.
Embodiment 3:
The weight part that the present invention forms formula is:
Diatomite mine tailing 50
Wilkinite 30
Charcoal 20
Vermiculite 30
Fertilizer 20
Fertilizer 1.5.
Wherein contain nitrogenous fertilizer 0.3, phosphate fertilizer 0.025, potash fertilizer 0.06 in fertilizer.
The production method of dry seedling bed of rice matrix of the present invention, the steps include:
(1) diatomite mine tailing, charcoal, wilkinite, fertilizer, vermiculite are mixed by weight, be fully uniformly mixed seedling medium premixture is for subsequent use;
(2) get ammonium sulfate 1.3 by matrix weight part, double superhosphate 0.12, potassium sulfate 1.2, fully grinds, and all crosses 0.5mm sieve, is evenly sprinkled in seedling medium premixture prepared by above-mentioned steps (1), fully mixes matrix is for subsequent use;
(3) spray into after being mixed with moisture by vitriol oil 2.2-3.4 in the obtained matrix of above-mentioned steps (2), water content of substrate controls at 30%-40%, and mixing, place after 24 hours, substrate pH is 5-5.5, obtains dry seedling bed of rice matrix.The usage quantity of the vitriol oil is that the matrix obtained according to step per ton (2) uses 2.2 liters-3.4 liters.
The present invention is based on the size of diatomite mine tailing, wilkinite, charcoal, fertilizer and vermiculite, water conservation, potential of hydrogen, trophic level, to the characteristics such as the adsorption-desorption of nutrient, rice shoot need water uptake characters and suitable acid or alkali environment and transplanting to the requirement of root system dish knot power etc., by proportion optimizing, configure the rice seedling raising ground substance being suitable for transplanting.Harmless treatment diatomite mine tailing and agriculture and forestry organic waste material thereof, solve tradition seedling of fetching earth simultaneously and to fetch earth difficult problem, preserve the ecological environment and farmland quality.Nutrient is balanced, and seedling growth is neat, healthy and strong; Rice shoot well developed root system, packing power are moderate, are easy to machinery and change into block and neatly cut and plant; Seedling raising ground substance unit weight index is good to wetting irrigation for paddy field (flood irrigation) mode adaptability, there will not be " floating seedling " (seedling blanket emersion seedling dish) phenomenon; Seedling blanket quality is little, easily carries, good with rice transplanter compatibility, and machine transplanting of rice efficiency is high.
Specific examples 1:
Rice seedling raising ground substance of the present invention comprises: diatomite mine tailing 30, charcoal 20, wilkinite 10, fertilizer 20, vermiculite 20, adds chemical fertilizer by the amount of every kilogram of matrix interpolation urea 3.801g, calcium superphosphate 0.158g.Abundant mixing, stirs, and is configured to rice seedling raising ground substance premixture.
Its seedling raising ground substance premixture physical and chemical index is: unit weight 0.44g/cm
3, total porosity 75%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 2.000g/kg, available phosphorus contents 0.250g/kg, quick-acting potassium content 1.77g/kg, EC value be 1.60mS/cm, pH value is 8.70.
Acid adjustment is carried out to described seedling raising ground substance premixture: join in the water by matrix quality 30% according to the amount of vitriol oil 3.35L/ ton, make sour water, evenly squirt in seedling raising ground substance, stir, vexedly let slip night, the rice seedling raising ground substance of system.
Specific examples 2:
Rice seedling raising ground substance of the present invention comprises: diatomite mine tailing 50, charcoal 3, wilkinite 20, fertilizer 7, vermiculite 20, fully mix after adding chemical fertilizer by the amount of every kilogram of matrix interpolation urea 2.312g, calcium superphosphate 0.104g, potassium sulfate 0.196g, stir, be configured to rice seedling raising ground substance premixture.
Its seedling raising ground substance premixture physical and chemical index is: unit weight 0.61g/cm
3, total porosity 54%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 1.500g/kg, available phosphorus contents 0.250g/kg, quick-acting potassium content 0.600g/kg, EC value be 0.99mS/cm, pH value is 7.31.
Acid adjustment is carried out to described seedling raising ground substance premixture: join in the water by matrix quality 30% according to the amount of vitriol oil 2.20L/ ton, make sour water, evenly squirt in seedling raising ground substance, stir, vexedly let slip night, the rice seedling raising ground substance of system.
Specific examples 3:
Rice seedling raising ground substance of the present invention comprises: diatomite mine tailing 30, charcoal 3, wilkinite 30, fertilizer 7, vermiculite 30, adds chemical fertilizer by the amount of every kilogram of matrix interpolation urea 2.770g, calcium superphosphate 0.158g.Abundant mixing, stirs, and is configured to rice seedling raising ground substance premixture.
Its seedling raising ground substance premixture physical and chemical index is: unit weight 0.69g/cm
3, total porosity 59%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 1.500g/kg, available phosphorus contents 0.250g/kg, quick-acting potassium content 0.600g/kg, EC value be 0.81mS/cm, pH value is 7.90.
Acid adjustment is carried out to described seedling raising ground substance premixture: join in the water by matrix quality 30% according to the amount of vitriol oil 3.02L/ ton, make sour water, evenly squirt in seedling raising ground substance, stir, vexedly let slip night, the rice seedling raising ground substance of system.
The contrast seedling raising ground substance CK of different embodiment is autogamy 100% Nutrition Soil, unit weight 1.15g/cm
3, total porosity 53%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 0.584g/kg, available phosphorus contents 0.287g/kg, quick-acting potassium content 0.691g/kg, EC value be 2.93mS/cm, pH value is 4.32.
The present invention's three specific exampless carry out test and compare:
Table 1 three specific examples hard disk seedling seedling quality Indexes Comparison
Table 2 three specific examples alms bowl plate seedling raising seedling quality Indexes Comparison
Can be found out by table 1 and table 2, matrix of the present invention has following three aspect advantages:
One is that seedling raising ground substance is ventilative, Water-saving effect is good, and acid and salt content is suitable for, aqueous vapor condition strong adaptability, and growth security of emerging is reliable.
Two is that leaf age, height of seedling are similar, and seedling vigorous index, root/shoot ratio are suitable, and blade is straight and upright does not hang down loosely, and not prosperous length alters height, and seedling age elasticity is large, and seedling growth security improves.
Three is that seedling blanket packing is good, and rice shoot root is many, look white, good springiness, and the seedling block of more than 90% grabs a small amount of rice shoot and just can carry and do not fall apart, and seedling blanket is complete.Quality is little, is convenient to transport.
Claims (5)
1. a paddy drought seedling matrix, is characterized in that: the weight part forming formula is:
Diatomite mine tailing 30-50
Wilkinite 10-30
Charcoal 3-20
Vermiculite 20-30
Fertilizer 7-20
Fertilizer 0.12-1.5.
2. dry seedling bed of rice matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described diatomite mine tailing is the diatomite that diatomite ore is discarded, and it is three grades of diatomite by diatomite industry standard JC/T414-2000 criteria for classification.
3. dry seedling bed of rice matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fertilizer is by weight containing nitrogenous fertilizer 0.2-0.3, phosphate fertilizer 0.025, potash fertilizer 0.06.
4. the dry seedling bed of rice matrix according to claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that: the particle diameter of described diatomite mine tailing, vermiculite, charcoal, fertilizer is less than 2mm, and bentonitic particle diameter is less than 1mm.
5. the production method of dry seedling bed of rice matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the steps include:
(1) diatomite mine tailing, charcoal, wilkinite, fertilizer, vermiculite are mixed by weight, be fully uniformly mixed seedling medium premixture is for subsequent use;
(2) get ammonium sulfate 0.7-1.3 by matrix weight part, double superhosphate 0.06-0.12, potassium sulfate 0.01-1.2, fully grinds, and all crosses 0.5mm sieve, is evenly sprinkled in seedling medium premixture prepared by above-mentioned steps (1), fully mixes matrix is for subsequent use;
(3) spray into after being mixed with moisture by vitriol oil 2.2-3.4 in the obtained matrix of above-mentioned steps (2), water content of substrate controls at 30%-40%, and mixing, place after 24 hours, substrate pH is 5-5.5, obtains dry seedling bed of rice matrix.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106007895A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 沈阳农业大学 | Municipal sewage sludge rice seedling-raising substrate and production method and application thereof |
| CN106171633A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 全椒县志恒庄园 | A kind of paddy drought seedling bed soil |
| CN106866272A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-06-20 | 许昌市儒燕科技信息咨询有限公司 | A kind of rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN107278858A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-10-24 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation matrix added with composite conditioner |
| CN107324903A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-07 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of seedling cultivation of rice strengthens seedling agent and its application method |
| CN107500855A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-12-22 | 江苏田娘农业科技有限公司 | A kind of ice box rice nursery substrate |
| CN107810809A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-03-20 | 广西沙田仙人滩农业投资有限公司 | A kind of new matrix of rice is without native dry rice seedling method |
| CN108587644A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-09-28 | 安徽袁粮水稻产业有限公司 | A kind of Acid Paddy Soils modifying agent |
| CN113016455A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-25 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for preventing and treating rice damping-off |
| CN114600732A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-10 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Iron-modified biochar rice seedling raising matrix, matrix plate and preparation method |
| CN116058250A (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2023-05-05 | 湖南润湘土生物科技有限公司 | Rice seedling raising matrix formula and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106007895A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 沈阳农业大学 | Municipal sewage sludge rice seedling-raising substrate and production method and application thereof |
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| CN106866272A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-06-20 | 许昌市儒燕科技信息咨询有限公司 | A kind of rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN107278858A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-10-24 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation matrix added with composite conditioner |
| CN107324903A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-07 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of seedling cultivation of rice strengthens seedling agent and its application method |
| CN107500855A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-12-22 | 江苏田娘农业科技有限公司 | A kind of ice box rice nursery substrate |
| CN107810809A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-03-20 | 广西沙田仙人滩农业投资有限公司 | A kind of new matrix of rice is without native dry rice seedling method |
| CN108587644A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-09-28 | 安徽袁粮水稻产业有限公司 | A kind of Acid Paddy Soils modifying agent |
| CN113016455A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-25 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for preventing and treating rice damping-off |
| CN114600732A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-10 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Iron-modified biochar rice seedling raising matrix, matrix plate and preparation method |
| CN116058250A (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2023-05-05 | 湖南润湘土生物科技有限公司 | Rice seedling raising matrix formula and preparation method thereof |
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