CN105327163A - 治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂及制法 - Google Patents
治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂及制法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂,主要由下列原料药制备而成,均为质量份:玉米须9-15,问荆7-14,女娄菜10-14,大腹皮4-10,胡枝子8-13,四叶草9-12,竹叶兰7-15,零余子6-11,麦门冬8-15,豇豆6-12,棣棠花9-13,仰天钟7-12,徐长卿6-10,莱菔子3-8,单花芥4-8。本发明选材科学,皆为传统中药材料,无明显毒副作用,本组方根据中医辩证原则及多年临床经验总结得到,具有养血补气、固本益肾等功效,本发明疗效好,成本低,不良反应少,久服经济负担小。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医中药领域,特别是涉及一种治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂及制法。
背景技术
肾病综合征,简称肾综,是指由多种病因引起的,以肾小球基膜通透性增加伴肾小球滤过率降低等肾小球病变为主的一组临床表现相似的综合征,而不是独立的疾病。临床特点:三高一低,即大量蛋白尿(≥3.5g/d)、水肿、高脂血症,血浆蛋白低(≤30g/L)。肾病综合征发生于任何年龄,但在儿童中更流行,1岁半至4岁最常见。年轻男性好发,但在年龄较大病人中,性别分布较平均。引起肾病综合征的原因很多,概括起来可分为原发性和继发性两大类,其中以原发性肾小球疾病为主。成人患者中约2/3和大部分儿童的肾病综合征为原发性,在继发性肾病综合征中,系统性红斑狼疮、糖尿病肾病、肾淀粉样变、过敏性紫癜为多见。肾病综合征的临床表现有水肿:不同程度的水肿,常为肾病综合征的首发症状,常隐袭发生,严重者常有浆膜腔积液;尿少:常常小于400ml/天,甚至无尿;起病前常有上呼吸道感染,皮肤感染等感染史;疲倦、厌食、苍白、精神萎靡等症状;有水、钠潴溜、血容量增多,可出现一时性高血压,Ⅱ型原发性肾病综合征可伴有高血压。
公布号CN103536795A(申请号201310528490.8)的中国专利文献公开了一种治疗肾病综合征的中药,包括女贞子5-15g、红豆10-20g、鱼腥草6-12g、车前草10-20g、党参5-15g、黄柏6-12g、黄芪5-15g、冬虫夏草5-15g等组分。公布号CN104208427A(申请号201410471447.7)的中国专利文献公开了一种用于治疗肾病综合征的药物制剂及其制备方法,由以下原料药制成墨旱莲、枸杞子、蓝布正、绞股蓝、党参、黄精、牡丹皮、淫羊藿、熟地黄、芡实、八宝茶、没药、桑寄生、山药、巴戟天、山茱萸、五加皮、南沙参、香茶菜、麻黄、楮实子、茯苓和甘草。公布号CN103610990A(申请号201310668950.7)的中国专利文献公开了一种治疗肾病综合征的中药,组成为大透骨消10份、柄果槲寄生14份、稗米20份、扁轴木16份、野海棠12份、手参16份、白头翁茎叶18份、刺菱14份、千只眼14份、长梗千里光15份、麦角18份、大独脚金12份、黄花虱麻头10份、苋菜20份、多苞糙苏15份。
西药治疗肾病综合征,疗效虽好,但疗程较长,且依赖性强,毒副作用较大,不适宜长期服用,中医药治疗肾综相对安全,可长期服用,且中医药可根据患者病理机制辩证论治,标本兼治,效果更明显,因此可研制出一种有效治疗肾病综合征的中医配方。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种制备简单、易久服的治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂及制法。
本发明的技术方案是:
治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂,主要由下列原料药制备而成,均为质量份:玉米须9-15,问荆7-14,女娄菜10-14,大腹皮4-10,胡枝子8-13,四叶草9-12,竹叶兰7-15,零余子6-11,麦门冬8-15,豇豆6-12,棣棠花9-13,仰天钟7-12,徐长卿6-10,莱菔子3-8,单花芥4-8。
优选的方案中,玉米须11-13,问荆9-12,女娄菜11-13,大腹皮6-8,胡枝子9-12,四叶草10-11,竹叶兰9-13,零余子8-9,麦门冬10-13,豇豆8-10,棣棠花10-12,仰天钟8-11,徐长卿7-9,莱菔子4-7,单花芥5-7。
更加优选的,玉米须12,问荆10.5,女娄菜12,大腹皮7,胡枝子10.5,四叶草10.5,竹叶兰11,零余子8.5,麦门冬11.5,豇豆9,棣棠花11,仰天钟9.5,徐长卿8,莱菔子5.5,单花芥6。
所述的制剂散剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)取大腹皮和徐长卿用盐水洗净,置沸醋中煮10分钟捞出,晾凉切丝,置于炒锅内文火加热,炒至黄色,取出,晾凉;
(2)将胡枝子、四叶草、竹叶兰和仰天钟洗净,加蜂蜜水拌匀闷润15-21分钟(优选的,闷润16-20分钟;更加优选的,闷润18分钟),取出置炒锅内文火加热,炒至不粘手为度,取出,晾凉;
(3)取生姜切片加水大火煮20分钟,捞去姜片,制得姜汤,将麦门冬和单花芥置于热姜汤中,浸透,取出,与面粉一起拌炒,炒至面呈黄色时取出,掸去原料药表面的面粉,晾干;
(4)将玉米须、女娄菜、莱菔子与步骤(1)所制原料药和步骤(3)所制麦门冬烘干粉碎,制成药粉;
(5)取问荆、零余子、豇豆、棣棠花和步骤(2)所制原料药以及步骤(3)所制单花芥一起加水煮,煮沸后小火继续煮22-40分钟(优选的,小火继续煮26-36分钟;优选的,小火继续煮31分钟),过滤,滤渣加水再煮,合并两次滤液,并将步骤(4)所制药粉加入其中,加热浓缩,干燥,粉碎,制得药粉,灭菌,即得散剂。
所述的治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂散剂的制备方法,步骤(5)两次加水量均为所煮原料药质量的6-7倍(优选的,两次加水量均为所煮原料药质量的6.5倍)。
所述的制剂丸剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)取大腹皮和徐长卿用盐水洗净,置沸醋中煮10分钟捞出,晾凉切丝,置于炒锅内文火加热,炒至黄色,取出,晾凉;
(2)将胡枝子、四叶草、竹叶兰和仰天钟洗净,加蜂蜜水拌匀闷润15-21分钟(优选的,闷润16-20分钟;更加优选的,闷润18分钟),取出置炒锅内文火加热,炒至不粘手为度,取出,晾凉;
(3)取生姜切片加水大火煮20分钟,捞去姜片,制得姜汤,将麦门冬和单花芥置于热姜汤中,浸透,取出,与面粉一起拌炒,炒至面呈黄色时取出,掸去表面的面粉,晾干;
(4)取问荆、零余子、豇豆、棣棠花和步骤(2)所制原料药以及步骤(3)所制单花芥一起加水煮,加水量为所煮原料药质量的6.5倍,煮沸后小火继续煮22-40分钟(优选的,小火继续煮26-36分钟;优选的,小火继续煮31分钟),过滤,滤渣加水再煮,加水量和煎煮时间同第一次煮,合并两次滤液,浓缩干燥,
(5)将玉米须、女娄菜、莱菔子与步骤(1)所制原料药和步骤(3)所制麦门冬烘干,与步骤(4)所制干燥物一起粉碎,制成药粉,加炼蜜和水,泛制成丸,干燥,灭菌,即得丸剂。
所述的治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂丸剂的制备方法,步骤(5)炼蜜的量为药粉质量的0.3-0.4倍(优选的,炼蜜的量为药粉质量的0.35倍)。
所述的制剂汤剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)取大腹皮和徐长卿用盐水洗净,置沸醋中煮10分钟捞出,晾凉切丝,置于炒锅内文火加热,炒至黄色,取出,晾凉;
(2)将胡枝子、四叶草、竹叶兰和仰天钟洗净,加蜂蜜水拌匀闷润15-21分钟(优选的,闷润16-20分钟;更加优选的,闷润18分钟),取出置炒锅内文火加热,炒至不粘手为度,取出,晾凉;
(3)取生姜切片加水大火煮20分钟,捞去姜片,制得姜汤,将麦门冬和单花芥置于热姜汤中,浸透,取出,与面粉一起拌炒,炒至面呈黄色时取出,掸去表面的面粉,晾干;
(4)取问荆、女娄菜、零余子、豇豆、棣棠花和步骤(1)所制徐长卿以及步骤(2)(3)所制原料药一起加水煮,加水量为所煮原料药质量的7-9倍(加水量为所煮原料药质量的8倍),煮沸后小火继续煮,过滤,滤渣加水再煮,加水量和煎煮时间同第一次煮,合并两次滤液;
(5)将玉米须、莱菔子和步骤(1)所制大腹皮一起粉碎,并加入步骤(4)所制滤液中混匀,灭菌,即得汤剂。
所述的治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂汤剂的制备方法,步骤(4)煮沸后小火继续煮25-43分钟(优选的,小火继续煮28-40分钟;优选的,小火继续煮34分钟)。
所述的制剂胶囊剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)取大腹皮和徐长卿用盐水洗净,置沸醋中煮10分钟捞出,晾凉切丝,置于炒锅内文火加热,炒至黄色,取出,晾凉;
(2)将胡枝子、四叶草、竹叶兰和仰天钟洗净,加蜂蜜水拌匀闷润15-21分钟(优选的,闷润16-20分钟;更加优选的,闷润18分钟),取出置炒锅内文火加热,炒至不粘手为度,取出,晾凉;
(3)取生姜切片加水大火煮20分钟,捞去姜片,制得姜汤,将麦门冬和单花芥置于热姜汤中,浸透,取出,与面粉一起拌炒,炒至面呈黄色时取出,掸去表面的面粉,晾干;
(4)取问荆、女娄菜、零余子、豇豆、棣棠花和步骤(1)所制徐长卿以及步骤(2)(3)所制原料药一起加水煮,加水量为所煮原料药质量的7-9倍(加水量为所煮原料药质量的8倍),煮沸后小火继续煮25-43分钟(优选的,小火继续煮28-40分钟;优选的,小火继续煮34分钟),过滤,滤渣加水再煮,加水量和煎煮时间同第一次煮,合并两次滤液,并浓缩成清膏;
(5)将玉米须、莱菔子以及步骤(1)所制大腹皮粉碎过80目筛制成药粉,与步骤(4)所制清膏混匀,干燥,粉碎过筛,制颗粒,装入胶囊,即得胶囊剂。
所述的治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂胶囊剂的制备方法,步骤(5)第二次粉碎过80-120目筛(优选的,第二次粉碎过90-110目筛;更加优选的,第二次粉碎过100目筛)。
本发明提供的治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂各种剂型制备简单,服用方便,便于携带。除此之外,本发明的优良效果还表现在:
1、本发明选材科学,皆为传统中药材料,无明显毒副作用;
2、本组方根据中医辩证原则及多年临床经验总结得到,具有养血补气、固本益肾等功效;
3、本发明疗效好,成本低,不良反应少,久服经济负担小。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和实验例详细说明本发明的技术方案,但保护范围不限于此。
实施例1治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂,主要由下列原料药制备而成(每份10g):玉米须9份,问荆7份,女娄菜10份,大腹皮4份,胡枝子8份,四叶草9份,竹叶兰7份,零余子6份,麦门冬8份,豇豆6份,棣棠花9份,仰天钟7份,徐长卿6份,莱菔子3份,单花芥4份。
上述治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂散剂的制备方法是:
(1)取大腹皮和徐长卿用盐水洗净,置沸醋中煮10分钟捞出,晾凉切丝,置于炒锅内文火加热,炒至黄色,取出,晾凉;
(2)将胡枝子、四叶草、竹叶兰和仰天钟洗净,加蜂蜜水拌匀闷润18分钟,取出置炒锅内文火加热,炒至不粘手为度,取出,晾凉;
(3)取生姜切片加水大火煮20分钟,捞去姜片,制得姜汤,将麦门冬和单花芥置于热姜汤中,浸透,取出,与面粉一起拌炒,炒至面呈黄色时取出,掸去原料药表面的面粉,晾干;
(4)将玉米须、女娄菜、莱菔子与步骤(1)所制原料药和步骤(3)所制麦门冬烘干粉碎,制成药粉;
(5)取问荆、零余子、豇豆、棣棠花和步骤(2)所制原料药以及步骤(3)所制单花芥一起加水煮,煮沸后小火继续煮31分钟,过滤,滤渣加水再煮,两次加水量均为所煮原料药质量的6.5倍,合并两次滤液,并将步骤(4)所制药粉加入其中,加热浓缩,干燥,粉碎,制得药粉,灭菌,即得散剂。
实施例2治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂,主要由下列原料药制备而成(每份10g):玉米须15份,问荆14份,女娄菜14份,大腹皮10份,胡枝子13份,四叶草12份,竹叶兰15份,零余子11份,麦门冬15份,豇豆12份,棣棠花13份,仰天钟12份,徐长卿10份,莱菔子8份,单花芥8份。
治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂丸剂的制备方法是:
(1)取大腹皮和徐长卿用盐水洗净,置沸醋中煮10分钟捞出,晾凉切丝,置于炒锅内文火加热,炒至黄色,取出,晾凉;
(2)将胡枝子、四叶草、竹叶兰和仰天钟洗净,加蜂蜜水拌匀闷润18分钟,取出置炒锅内文火加热,炒至不粘手为度,取出,晾凉;
(3)取生姜切片加水大火煮20分钟,捞去姜片,制得姜汤,将麦门冬和单花芥置于热姜汤中,浸透,取出,与面粉一起拌炒,炒至面呈黄色时取出,掸去表面的面粉,晾干;
(4)取问荆、零余子、豇豆、棣棠花和步骤(2)所制原料药以及步骤(3)所制单花芥一起加水煮,加水量为所煮原料药质量的6.5倍,煮沸后小火继续煮31分钟,过滤,滤渣加水再煮,加水量和煎煮时间同第一次煮,合并两次滤液,浓缩干燥,
(5)将玉米须、女娄菜、莱菔子与步骤(1)所制原料药和步骤(3)所制麦门冬烘干,与步骤(4)所制干燥物一起粉碎,制成药粉,加炼蜜(炼蜜的量为药粉质量的0.35倍)和水,泛制成丸,干燥,灭菌,即得丸剂。
典型病例:xxx,女,46岁。主诉:4个月前无明显诱因出现双下肢浮肿,伴有麻木感,不能久站,纳差,小便色清,量少,医院检查,尿蛋白(++),血浆白蛋白偏低,血脂偏高,诊断为肾病综合征,住院治疗后,症状好转,出院,一个月后,再次出现水肿症状,中医院求治,腰酸痛,神疲倦,短气乏力,口干苦,舌暗红可见散在瘀点,苔白少津,脉弦滑,尿蛋白(+++),诊断为原发性肾病综合征。
服用本实施例所得治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂丸剂,每天2次,每次2粒,温开水送服,30天一个疗程。服用两周后,舌上瘀点基本消退,口干苦明显减轻,水肿稍有消退,服用一个疗程后,水肿明显减轻,四肢力量增加,食欲和精神好转,下肢麻木感消除,继续服用两个疗程后,患者诸症消除,尿蛋白(-),血脂正常,血浆白蛋白正常,巩固服用一个疗程后,停药,一年后随访无复发。
实施例3治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂,主要由下列原料药制备而成(每份10g):玉米须11份,问荆9份,女娄菜11份,大腹皮6份,胡枝子9份,四叶草10份,竹叶兰9份,零余子8份,麦门冬10份,豇豆8份,棣棠花10份,仰天钟8份,徐长卿7份,莱菔子4份,单花芥5份。
治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂汤剂的制备方法是:
(1)取大腹皮和徐长卿用盐水洗净,置沸醋中煮10分钟捞出,晾凉切丝,置于炒锅内文火加热,炒至黄色,取出,晾凉;
(2)将胡枝子、四叶草、竹叶兰和仰天钟洗净,加蜂蜜水拌匀闷润18分钟,取出置炒锅内文火加热,炒至不粘手为度,取出,晾凉;
(3)取生姜切片加水大火煮20分钟,捞去姜片,制得姜汤,将麦门冬和单花芥置于热姜汤中,浸透,取出,与面粉一起拌炒,炒至面呈黄色时取出,掸去表面的面粉,晾干;
(4)取问荆、女娄菜、零余子、豇豆、棣棠花和步骤(1)所制徐长卿以及步骤(2)(3)所制原料药一起加水煮,加水量为所煮原料药质量的8倍,煮沸后小火继续煮34分钟,过滤,滤渣加水再煮,加水量和煎煮时间同第一次煮,合并两次滤液;
(5)将玉米须、莱菔子和步骤(1)所制大腹皮一起粉碎,并加入步骤(4)所制滤液中混匀,灭菌,即得汤剂。
典型病例:xxx,男,51岁。主诉:患有肾病综合征5年,服强的松配合中药治疗痊愈后,曾复发过两次,两周前打扫卫生劳累后出现腰酸乏力,纳差,小便少黄,大便干燥,医院检查,下肢有轻微浮肿,舌淡,苔薄白,脉弦数,尿蛋白(+++),血浆白蛋白23.7g/L,甘油三酯和的胆固醇均升高,确诊为肾病综合征。
服用本实施例所得治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂汤剂,采用每天2次,温热,每次300-400ml,30天一个疗程。服用两周后,腰酸减轻,服用一个疗程后,腰酸乏力明显缓解,小便量增多,大便顺畅,尿蛋白(++),服用两个疗程后,患者诸症消除,尿蛋白(-),继续服用一个疗程,患者尿蛋白(-),巩固服用一个疗程后停药,一年后随访未复发。
实施例4治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂,主要由下列原料药制备而成(每份10g):玉米须13份,问荆12份,女娄菜13份,大腹皮8份,胡枝子12份,四叶草11份,竹叶兰13份,零余子9份,麦门冬13份,豇豆10份,棣棠花12份,仰天钟11份,徐长卿9份,莱菔子7份,单花芥7份。
治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂胶囊剂的制备方法是:
(1)取大腹皮和徐长卿用盐水洗净,置沸醋中煮10分钟捞出,晾凉切丝,置于炒锅内文火加热,炒至黄色,取出,晾凉;
(2)将胡枝子、四叶草、竹叶兰和仰天钟洗净,加蜂蜜水拌匀闷润18分钟,取出置炒锅内文火加热,炒至不粘手为度,取出,晾凉;
(3)取生姜切片加水大火煮20分钟,捞去姜片,制得姜汤,将麦门冬和单花芥置于热姜汤中,浸透,取出,与面粉一起拌炒,炒至面呈黄色时取出,掸去表面的面粉,晾干;
(4)取问荆、女娄菜、零余子、豇豆、棣棠花和步骤(1)所制徐长卿以及步骤(2)(3)所制原料药一起加水煮,加水量为所煮原料药质量的8倍,煮沸后小火继续煮34分钟,过滤,滤渣加水再煮,加水量和煎煮时间同第一次煮,合并两次滤液,并浓缩成清膏;
(5)将玉米须、莱菔子以及步骤(1)所制大腹皮粉碎过80目筛制成药粉,与步骤(4)所制清膏混匀,干燥,粉碎过100目筛,制颗粒,装入胶囊,即得胶囊剂。
典型病例:xxx,男,30岁。主诉:半年前无明显诱因出现眼睑和双下肢水肿,医院检查尿蛋白(+++),血浆白蛋白26.4g/L,肾功能正常,诊断为肾病综合征,住院治疗,症状好转,由于经济负担不起遂出院,中药求治,就诊时面部和双下肢水肿,腹大胀满,中度腹水,血脂升高,脸色晦暗,胸闷气短,小便短赤,舌红,苔白少津,脉弦滑,尿蛋白(+++),血浆白蛋白23.7g/L。
服用本实施例所得治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂胶囊剂,采用每天2次,每次3粒,用温开水送服,30天一个疗程。服用三周后,水肿和腹水明显减轻,尿量增加,面色和精神好转,尿蛋白(++),服用六周后,水肿消退,尿蛋白(+),仍有少量腹水,服用两个疗程后,腹水完全消退,患者精神良好无不适症状,尿蛋白(-),巩固服用一个疗程后,尿蛋白(-),面色润泽,肾功能正常,患者痊愈。一年后随访无复发。
实施例5治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂,主要由下列原料药制备而成(每份10g):玉米须12份,问荆10.5份,女娄菜12份,大腹皮7份,胡枝子10.5份,四叶草10.5份,竹叶兰11份,零余子8.5份,麦门冬11.5份,豇豆9份,棣棠花11份,仰天钟9.5份,徐长卿8份,莱菔子5.5份,单花芥6份。
治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂散剂的制备方法是:
(1)取大腹皮和徐长卿用盐水洗净,置沸醋中煮10分钟捞出,晾凉切丝,置于炒锅内文火加热,炒至黄色,取出,晾凉;
(2)将胡枝子、四叶草、竹叶兰和仰天钟洗净,加蜂蜜水拌匀闷润18分钟,取出置炒锅内文火加热,炒至不粘手为度,取出,晾凉;
(3)取生姜切片加水大火煮20分钟,捞去姜片,制得姜汤,将麦门冬和单花芥置于热姜汤中,浸透,取出,与面粉一起拌炒,炒至面呈黄色时取出,掸去原料药表面的面粉,晾干;
(4)将玉米须、女娄菜、莱菔子与步骤(1)所制原料药和步骤(3)所制麦门冬烘干粉碎,制成药粉;
(5)取问荆、零余子、豇豆、棣棠花和步骤(2)所制原料药以及步骤(3)所制单花芥一起加水煮,煮沸后小火继续煮31分钟,过滤,滤渣加水再煮,两次加水量均为所煮原料药质量的6.5倍,合并两次滤液,并将步骤(4)所制药粉加入其中,加热浓缩,干燥,粉碎,制得药粉,灭菌,即得散剂。
本发明所用主要中药原料的药理如下:
玉米须:基原:为禾本科植物玉蜀黍的花柱。性味:甘,平。归经:归膀胱、肝、胆经。功能主治:利尿,泄热,平肝,利胆。治肾炎水肿,脚气,黄疸肝炎,高血压,胆囊炎,胆结石,糖尿病,吐血衄血,鼻渊,乳痈。
问荆:基原:为木贼科植物问荆的全草。性味:苦,凉。功能主治:清热,凉血,止咳,利尿。治吐血,衄血,便血,倒经,咳嗽气喘,淋病。
女娄菜:基原:石竹科女娄菜属植物女娄菜。性味:苦、甘,平。功能主治:活血调经,健脾行水。治月经不调,乳少,小儿疳积,虚浮。
大腹皮:基原:为棕榈科植物槟榔的果皮。性味:辛,微温。归经:入脾、胃、大小肠经。功能主治:下气宽中,行水。治脘腹痞胀,脚气,水肿。
胡枝子:基原:为豆科植物胡枝子的茎、叶。性味:甘,平。归经:入心、肝二经。功能主治:润肺清热,利水通淋。治肺热咳嗽,百日咳,鼻衄,淋病。
四叶草:基原:为茜草科植物四叶草或细四叶草的全草。性味:甘,平。功能主治:清热,利尿,解毒,消肿。治尿路感染,赤白带下,痢疾,痈肿,跌打损伤。
竹叶兰:基原:为鸭跖草种植物紫背鹿衔草的根或全株。性味:甘微苦,平。功能主治:补肺,健脾,益肾。治气虚咳嗽,头晕耳鸣,吐血,外伤骨折。
零余子:基原:为薯蓣科植物薯蓣叶腋间之珠芽。性味:甘,温,无毒。功能主治:补虚益肾强腰。主虚劳赢瘦;腰膝酸软。
麦门冬:基原:为百合科植物沿阶草的块根。性味:甘微苦,寒。归经:入肺、胃、心经。功能主治:养阴润肺,清心除烦,益胃生津。治肺燥干咳,吐血,咯血,肺痿,肺痈,虚劳烦热,消渴,热病津伤,咽干口燥,便秘。
豇豆:基原:为豆科植物豇豆的种子。性味:甘,平。归经:入脾、肾经。功能主治:健脾补肾。治脾胃虚弱,泻痢,吐逆,消渴,遗精,白带,白浊,小便频数。
棣棠花:基原:为蔷薇科植物棣棠的花或枝叶。性味:性平,味涩,无毒。功能主治:治久咳,消化不良,水肿,风湿痛,热毒疮。
仰天钟:基原:为野牡丹科植物假朝天罐的全草。性味:味甘,涩,微苦,性平。归经:归肺,肾,肝经。功能主治:敛肺益肾,活血止血。主久咳,虚喘,体虚头晕,风湿痹痛,淋浊,泻痢,便血,血崩,月经不调,白带,跌打瘀肿,外伤出血,烫伤。
徐长卿:基原:为萝蘑科植物徐长卿的干燥根和根茎。性味:辛,温。归经:归肝、胃经。功能主治:祛风,化湿,止痛,止痒。用于风湿痹痛,胃痛胀满,牙痛,腰痛,跌扑伤痛,风疹、湿疹。
莱菔子:基原:为十字花科植物莱菔的成熟种子。性味:辛甘,平。归经:入肺、胃经。功能主治:下气定喘,消食化痰。治咳嗽痰喘,食积气滞,胸闷腹胀,下痢后重。
单花芥:基原:为十字花科无茎荠属植物单花芥的根或全草。性味:苦、辛,寒。功能主治:清热解毒,止血消肿。主治温热病发热,咳嗽,咯血,四肢浮肿,食物中毒,创伤出血。
试验例1本发明所得治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂(实施例5)的临床应用:
2012年3月-2014年9月,从六所医院住院部筛选出247例肾病综合征患者,其中女118例,男129例,年龄22-62岁,平均年龄(37.2±8.4)岁,病程6个月-2年,平均病程(11.8±4.2)个月。所有患者均有不同程度的水肿,大量蛋白尿、低蛋白血症等临床症状,且经实验室检查提示尿蛋白>3.5g/24h,血浆白蛋白<30g/L,排除继发性肾病综合征。
将患者随机分为两组,实验组134例和对照组113例,两组在性别、年龄、病程、病情等方面无显著差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。实验组服用本发明所得产品,每天服用两次,每次5-7g(视具体情况有所调整),30天一个疗程,连续治疗三个疗程。对照组服用其它药品(至灵胶囊、雷公藤多苷片、热淋清颗粒等常规药品)。治疗期间对两组患者进行连续观察,记录两组患者治疗前后24h尿蛋白定量、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、凝血酶等指标的及症状变化。
疗效情况判定标准:显效:临床症状基本消失或显著减轻,肾功能恢复正常,尿蛋白阴性,血浆白蛋白>30.0g/L,24h尿蛋白定量<0.4g/24h;有效:临床症状缓解,肾功能恢复正常或恢复至接近正常,血浆白蛋白和尿蛋白定量改善>70%;缓解:临床症状稍有缓解,肾功能好转,血浆白蛋白和尿蛋白定量改善<50%;无效:临床症状无缓解或加重,实验室检查各指标均无变化。总有效率=(显效+有效)/总例数×100%
表1两组患者治疗结果
经三个疗程的治疗,实验组有59例患者治疗显效,69例有效,缓解5例,无效1例,实验组总有效率为95.5%,对照组中,显效32例,有效52例,缓解22例,无效7例,对照组总有有效率为74.3%,对照组治疗效果明显低于实验组。治疗过程中实验组有5例患者出现恶心,腹泻,纳差等不良反应,不良反应发生率为3.7%,对照组有8例患者出现恶心、肠胃不良反应、纳差等不良反应,不良反发生率为7.1%。治疗结束后,不良反应也自动消失,患者肝功能及白细胞数均受到影响。
本发明选择的中药材有利尿泄热的玉米须,凉血止咳的问荆,健脾行水的女娄菜,下气宽中的大腹皮,利水通淋的胡枝子,清热解毒的四叶草,健脾益肾的竹叶兰,补虚益肾的零余子,养阴润肺的麦门冬,健脾补肾的豇豆,健脾化湿的棣棠花,活血止血的仰天钟,祛风化湿的徐长卿,下气定喘的莱菔子,止血消肿的单花芥,多种药材联用,可奏养血补气、固本益肾等功效。
应当指出的是,具体实施方式只是本发明比较有代表性的例子,显然本发明的技术方案不限于上述实施例,还可以有很多变形。本领域的普通技术人员,以本发明所明确公开的或根据文件的书面描述毫无异议的得到的,均应认为是本专利所要保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂,其特征在于,主要由下列原料药制备而成,均为质量份:玉米须9-15,问荆7-14,女娄菜10-14,大腹皮4-10,胡枝子8-13,四叶草9-12,竹叶兰7-15,零余子6-11,麦门冬8-15,豇豆6-12,棣棠花9-13,仰天钟7-12,徐长卿6-10,莱菔子3-8,单花芥4-8。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂,其特征在于,玉米须11-13,问荆9-12,女娄菜11-13,大腹皮6-8,胡枝子9-12,四叶草10-11,竹叶兰9-13,零余子8-9,麦门冬10-13,豇豆8-10,棣棠花10-12,仰天钟8-11,徐长卿7-9,莱菔子4-7,单花芥5-7(优选的,玉米须12,问荆10.5,女娄菜12,大腹皮7,胡枝子10.5,四叶草10.5,竹叶兰11,零余子8.5,麦门冬11.5,豇豆9,棣棠花11,仰天钟9.5,徐长卿8,莱菔子5.5,单花芥6)。
3.如权利要求1-2任一所述的制剂散剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)取大腹皮和徐长卿用盐水洗净,置沸醋中煮10分钟捞出,晾凉切丝,置于炒锅内文火加热,炒至黄色,取出,晾凉;
(2)将胡枝子、四叶草、竹叶兰和仰天钟洗净,加蜂蜜水拌匀闷润15-21分钟(优选的,闷润16-20分钟;更加优选的,闷润18分钟),取出置炒锅内文火加热,炒至不粘手为度,取出,晾凉;
(3)取生姜切片加水大火煮20分钟,捞去姜片,制得姜汤,将麦门冬和单花芥置于热姜汤中,浸透,取出,与面粉一起拌炒,炒至面呈黄色时取出,掸去原料药表面的面粉,晾干;
(4)将玉米须、女娄菜、莱菔子与步骤(1)所制原料药和步骤(3)所制麦门冬烘干粉碎,制成药粉;
(5)取问荆、零余子、豇豆、棣棠花和步骤(2)所制原料药以及步骤(3)所制单花芥一起加水煮,煮沸后小火继续煮22-40分钟(优选的,小火继续煮26-36分钟;优选的,小火继续煮31分钟),过滤,滤渣加水再煮,合并两次滤液,并将步骤(4)所制药粉加入其中,加热浓缩,干燥,粉碎,制得药粉,灭菌,即得散剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂散剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)两次加水量均为所煮原料药质量的6-7倍(优选的,两次加水量均为所煮原料药质量的6.5倍)。
5.如权利要求1-2任一所述的制剂丸剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)取大腹皮和徐长卿用盐水洗净,置沸醋中煮10分钟捞出,晾凉切丝,置于炒锅内文火加热,炒至黄色,取出,晾凉;
(2)将胡枝子、四叶草、竹叶兰和仰天钟洗净,加蜂蜜水拌匀闷润15-21分钟(优选的,闷润16-20分钟;更加优选的,闷润18分钟),取出置炒锅内文火加热,炒至不粘手为度,取出,晾凉;
(3)取生姜切片加水大火煮20分钟,捞去姜片,制得姜汤,将麦门冬和单花芥置于热姜汤中,浸透,取出,与面粉一起拌炒,炒至面呈黄色时取出,掸去表面的面粉,晾干;
(4)取问荆、零余子、豇豆、棣棠花和步骤(2)所制原料药以及步骤(3)所制单花芥一起加水煮,加水量为所煮原料药质量的6.5倍,煮沸后小火继续煮22-40分钟(优选的,小火继续煮26-36分钟;优选的,小火继续煮31分钟),过滤,滤渣加水再煮,加水量和煎煮时间同第一次煮,合并两次滤液,浓缩干燥,
(5)将玉米须、女娄菜、莱菔子与步骤(1)所制原料药和步骤(3)所制麦门冬烘干,与步骤(4)所制干燥物一起粉碎,制成药粉,加炼蜜和水,泛制成丸,干燥,灭菌,即得丸剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂丸剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)炼蜜的量为药粉质量的0.3-0.4倍(优选的,炼蜜的量为药粉质量的0.35倍)。
7.如权利要求1-2任一所述的制剂汤剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)取大腹皮和徐长卿用盐水洗净,置沸醋中煮10分钟捞出,晾凉切丝,置于炒锅内文火加热,炒至黄色,取出,晾凉;
(2)将胡枝子、四叶草、竹叶兰和仰天钟洗净,加蜂蜜水拌匀闷润15-21分钟(优选的,闷润16-20分钟;更加优选的,闷润18分钟),取出置炒锅内文火加热,炒至不粘手为度,取出,晾凉;
(3)取生姜切片加水大火煮20分钟,捞去姜片,制得姜汤,将麦门冬和单花芥置于热姜汤中,浸透,取出,与面粉一起拌炒,炒至面呈黄色时取出,掸去表面的面粉,晾干;
(4)取问荆、女娄菜、零余子、豇豆、棣棠花和步骤(1)所制徐长卿以及步骤(2)(3)所制原料药一起加水煮,加水量为所煮原料药质量的7-9倍(加水量为所煮原料药质量的8倍),煮沸后小火继续煮,过滤,滤渣加水再煮,加水量和煎煮时间同第一次煮,合并两次滤液;
(5)将玉米须、莱菔子和步骤(1)所制大腹皮一起粉碎,并加入步骤(4)所制滤液中混匀,灭菌,即得汤剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂汤剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)煮沸后小火继续煮25-43分钟(优选的,小火继续煮28-40分钟;优选的,小火继续煮34分钟)。
9.如权利要求1-2任一所述的制剂胶囊剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)取大腹皮和徐长卿用盐水洗净,置沸醋中煮10分钟捞出,晾凉切丝,置于炒锅内文火加热,炒至黄色,取出,晾凉;
(2)将胡枝子、四叶草、竹叶兰和仰天钟洗净,加蜂蜜水拌匀闷润15-21分钟(优选的,闷润16-20分钟;更加优选的,闷润18分钟),取出置炒锅内文火加热,炒至不粘手为度,取出,晾凉;
(3)取生姜切片加水大火煮20分钟,捞去姜片,制得姜汤,将麦门冬和单花芥置于热姜汤中,浸透,取出,与面粉一起拌炒,炒至面呈黄色时取出,掸去表面的面粉,晾干;
(4)取问荆、女娄菜、零余子、豇豆、棣棠花和步骤(1)所制徐长卿以及步骤(2)(3)所制原料药一起加水煮,加水量为所煮原料药质量的7-9倍(加水量为所煮原料药质量的8倍),煮沸后小火继续煮25-43分钟(优选的,小火继续煮28-40分钟;优选的,小火继续煮34分钟),过滤,滤渣加水再煮,加水量和煎煮时间同第一次煮,合并两次滤液,并浓缩成清膏;
(5)将玉米须、莱菔子以及步骤(1)所制大腹皮粉碎过80目筛制成药粉,与步骤(4)所制清膏混匀,干燥,粉碎过筛,制颗粒,装入胶囊,即得胶囊剂。
10.如权利要求9所述的治疗肾病综合征的化湿消肿制剂胶囊剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)第二次粉碎过80-120目筛(优选的,第二次粉碎过90-110目筛;更加优选的,第二次粉碎过100目筛)。
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