CN105309180A - A rhizoma paridis planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a rhizoma paridis planting method which comprises the following three methods and steps: a seedling culture method of reversing the dormancy of seeds through instantaneous high temperature treatment, a method of starvation and thirstiness treatment seedling hardening used for increasing the survival rate of transplanting of seedlings, and a method of promoting multi-bud propagation through topping treatment to increase the yield. The method radically changes the state of a single growing point of a rootstock of rhizoma paridis; the part above ground is changed from a single seedling to a great number of seedlings and the number of branches can reach 13-15 at most, so that area of photosynthesis is remarkably increased and the accumulation of nutrient substances of underground rootstocks is accelerated; the size and the weight of the rootstock of each plant are remarkably increased compared with those of plants without removal of terminal buds. Generally, 5 years after transplanting, the average yield is increased by 2-3 times and rhizoma paridis can be harvested 3-5 years after transplanting. Rhizoma paridis is generally harvested after sprout tumble in autumn. Mud and sand are cleared and fibrous roots are cut and rhizoma paridis is aired or dried.

Description

A kind of Paris polyphylla implantation methods

Technical field

Originally the present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, particularly a kind of Paris polyphylla implantation methods.

Background technology

Paris polyphylla, is commonly called as paris polyphylla, is rare rare Chinese medicine.Derive from the dry rhizome of liliaceous plant Yunnan Rhizoma Paridis, paris polyphylla (magnificent Paris polyphylla), record in " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " (2010 editions).Have clearing heat and detoxicating, swelling and pain relieving, hemostasis, effect such as antitumor grade.Known to number of chemical compositions such as steroid saponin, sterol, steroline, flavonoid glycoside, amino acid, fatty acid, trace element, polysaccharide, wherein, steroid saponin is its main active component, has the multiple important physiologically actives such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, calm, hemostasis.Be widely used in the treatment of the diseases such as uterine hemorrhage, chronic bronchitis and mumps clinically, and the control of various cancer.Or the primary raw material of the famous Chinese patent drugs such as Yunnan Baiyao, Gong Xue Ning, heat poison are clear, JIDESHENGSHEYAO.Along with the development of Chinese Medicine Industry.Wild resource cannot be met the need of market far away, must rely on introducing and planting.The kind of Paris polyphylla is implanted with two large technical barriers, and one is seedling breeding difficulty, and two is that growth cycle is grown, yielded poorly.

Sapling multiplication about Paris polyphylla mainly contains seminal propagation, rhizome cutting section propagation.Though tissue cultivating and seedling successfully, technology is still immature, and transplanting survival rate is low.Rhizome cutting section propagation needs to consume medicinal part, and the rhizome of a strain growth 4 ~ 5 years Paris polyphylla, can only cut into 3 sections, the new talent number of incubation is limited, and cost is high, reproduction coefficient is low, cannot meet the needs of large-scale planting.Seminal propagation, owing to being subject to the restriction of Paris polyphylla seed " two dormancy " characteristic, under field conditions (factors), could normally will be sprouted through two winters after seed maturity.Growing-seedling period is long, and seed germination rate is on the low side (30 ~ 40%).

At present, the method for breaking dormancy is normally taked to solve this difficult problem.Breaking the seed dormant technology of Paris polyphylla has three kinds: one to be break the seed dormancy phase by artificial high and low temperature alternative process.The early stage way of Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences is by seed respectively at 5 ~ 10C, 18 ~ 10C alternate treatment, every about 2 months alternating temperatures once, and anteroposterior diameter 4 alternating temperatures, the about long root of seed germination [1] after 8 months; The similar method process of Li Shao equality, after 5 months, seeding ratio reaches 80% [2].Song Fa armies of South-Center University For Nationalities etc. adopt and replace intermittent warming 60 ~ 90 days, and then use the medium culture two step seedling methods of 45 ~ 60 days, can bring out seedling in 5 ~ 6 months, seed germination rate reaches 70 ~ 75% [3].Two is adopt HORMONE TREATMENT method.Academy of agricultural sciences of Yunnan Province gold Gui Mei etc. is the cold water soak some months of the seed gibberellin of newly gathering, sand, earth and two kinds of wild plant material mixing with breaking dormancy, and emergence rate reaches 77% ~ 87.6% [4]; Song sends out gibberellin military and soaks and amasss intermittent warming with the sand bed that wets and be combined, 240 days afterwards but seed germination rate reaches more than 98% [5].Three is that Ecology dissolves by itself dormancy.Be about to the seed natural storage of gathering then to sowing in 2 ~ May of next year, sow front cold water or carbendazim solution immersion 2 ~ 24 hours, sowing, blinding, to water, sprouting [6,7] afterwards in 7 ~ 15 days.

In above-mentioned three methods, Ecology planting method is long to growing-seedling period, and the problem that seed germination rate is on the low side does not have clear improvement; Intermittent warming and HORMONE TREATMENT make seeding ratio significantly improve, and also shorten the seed germination cycle to a certain extent.But on the whole, still there is growing-seedling period long (needing 5 ~ 8 months from seed collection to seed germination) in existing seed seedling-raising technology, the problem that emergence rate is on the low side (70 ~ 87.6%).

Paris polyphylla is herbaceos perennial, annual spring terminal bud germination, summer-flowering, autumn fruit maturation, the seedling that falls.Annual only long 1 piece of verticillate leaves, and bolting is bloomed above it.Vegetative growth phase is short, and the annual only long joint (0.5 ~ 1.5cm) of its medicinal part root-like stock, poor growth, yields poorly.Generally from sowing, emerge, nursery, be transplanted to rhizome maturation and reach medicinal requirements, need the time of 7-10.Therefore, how to promote to nourish and grow, improving root yield is also Paris polyphylla large-scale planting urgent problem.Existing technology is all be optimized the field management measure of routine, as preferred, the cultivation matrix of planting density and the optimization etc. of fertilizing management, and rate of growth 10% ~ 30% [6 ~ 10].The shortcoming of prior art does not solve nourishing and growing of rhizoma paris rhizome to only have the problem of single growing point.Therefore, amount of increase in production is limited.

Citing document:

[1] Hou Yu equality: the propagation technique progress of Paris polyphylla. Yunnan University's journal (natural science edition) .2004,26 (6A): 60 ~ 62

[2] Li Shao equality: Yunnan Paris polyphylla is efficiently bred and studied with high-yield culturing. southwestern agriculture journal, 21 volume 4 phases 956 ~ 957 in 2008

[3] Song Fajun etc.: two step seedling methods of paris polyphylla seminal propagation. application for a patent for invention publication No.---CN103931502A

[4] Jin Guimei etc.:

[5] Song Fajun etc.: gibberellin and wet sand bed amass the method that paris polyphylla fast-germination is bred. application for a patent for invention publication No.---CN103609223A

[6] Rui Dong: the Ecology implantation methods of a kind of paris polyphylla---application for a patent for invention publication No.---CN104145659A

[7] Liu great Wei: the ecological normalized planting method of Chinese medicine paris polyphylla---application for a patent for invention publication No.---CN104429516A

[8] Shen Tingcheng: the ecological cultivation method of paris polyphylla---application for a patent for invention publication No.---CN103798016A

[9] Liu Xuan is new etc.: the normalized planting method of paris polyphylla---application for a patent for invention publication No.---CN102498895A

[10] Zhou Jiaxue: a kind of paris polyphylla high-yield cultivating method---application for a patent for invention publication No.---CN104272967A

Content of the present invention

In order to overcome the defect of prior art, the invention provides following technical scheme:

A kind of Paris polyphylla implantation methods, it comprises following three method steps:

(1) instantaneous high-temperature process reverses seed dormant seedling-cultivating method

Annual 8 ~ September, picking fruit during paris polyphylla fruit maturation; The fruit that domesticating and cultivating more than 3 years plant of learning from else's experience are tied, chooses fresh red ripe seed of gathering and is about 100g, with gauze parcel, immerses in the hot water of 95 ~ 100C and scalds for 2 ~ 3 seconds, to seed coat variable color, soft, peelable with the exosper of hand rubbing; Taking-up is spread out, cools; After instantaneous high-temperature process, part biological enzyme in seed destroys, breaking dormancy state, can direct germination;

Mixed by the fine sand of hot seed with 5 times amount, in flat, plastic container, below has pore can drain too much moisture, and top is added a cover and prevented top layer excess moisture volatilization; Suitably spray water every 3 ~ 5 days dry wet situations of basis and keep moistening, keep 30 ~ 40 days in normal temperature, seed grows the fibrous root of 1 ~ 3cm length, and can transplant and continue nursery to seedbed, seed germination rate reaches more than 90%.

(2) to hunger and thirst process hardening, increase seedling and divide the method for planting survival rate

After annual rainy season in May, select soft plot, weeding, whole, loosen the soil; Irrigate with the tea bran water (1: 5) of fermentation more than one week, sterilization; Two days later, ridge is opened in ditching; The wide 1.2m of ridge, depth of draining 30 ~ 50cm, be beneficial to draining; Laterally open plantation ditch every 30cm in ridge, ditch depth is about 10cm; Put a strain seedling every 15 ~ 20cm, and look temperature, humidity condition at that time, allow the outdoor airing of seedling 1 ~ 3 hour hardening, then blinding, water, rise again; New root can be grown after about 20 days; Flung to portion of water in seedling body through hardening, made it be in state of hungering and thirst, after point cultivation, long root is fast; Meanwhile, soil is through sterilization, and fertilizer only uses the peanut press pulp, the tea bran that fermented, avoids using the farmyard manures such as chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung, reduces bacterium, virus contamination, prevent rotten, rotten seedling.Divide and plant survival rate more than 90%;

After long seedling, ridging, fixes and prevents from shining root; Regular spray peanut press pulp water (1: 8 ~ 1: 10), next year can increase to (1: 5).Rainy season prevents root rot with tea bran water, carbendazim sterilization;

(3) topping treatment urgees the method for polygerm breeding increase yield

Seedling divides the plant of cultivation after 2 years, and after falling seedling autumn and winter, earth opened by careful plane, exposes rhizome, nipped off by terminal bud with hand; Will grow two new talents spring next year, rhizome is double head type; Within continuous 2 years later, fall after seedling and all operate by this, obtain the rhizome of four-head, eight head dummys respectively.

The beneficial effect that the present invention brings is:

1, adopt instantaneous high-temperature process to reverse seed dormant seedling-cultivating method, significantly can shorten nursery stage and improve germination rate.The seed germination cycle foreshortened to 1 ~ 1.5 month from 5 ~ 8 months of prior art, and seed germination rate brings up to more than 90% from 70% ~ 87% of prior art;

2, to hunger and thirst process hardening, the new root of transplanted seedling can be accelerated and grow, point plant survival rate more than 90%;

3, topping treatment urgees the method for polygerm breeding, rhizoma paris rhizome is grown and becomes bull growth from single growing point, acrial part becomes several seedling from an only son and heir and stands in great numbers, photosynthetic area increases, underground rhizome nutritious substances accumulation is accelerated, point cultivation after 5 years average yield increase can reach 3 times, compared with the rate of growth 10% ~ 30% of existing technology, amplification significantly improves.

By the comprehensive function of above-mentioned three kinds of technology, significantly can shorten the crop cycle of Paris polyphylla, improve root yield.

Embodiment

Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.

A kind of Paris polyphylla implantation methods, it comprises following three method steps:

(1) instantaneous high-temperature process reverses seed dormant seedling-cultivating method

Annual 8 ~ September, picking fruit during paris polyphylla fruit maturation; The fruit that domesticating and cultivating more than 3 years plant of learning from else's experience are tied, chooses fresh red ripe seed of gathering and is about 100g, with gauze parcel, immerses in the hot water of 95 ~ 100C and scalds for 2 ~ 3 seconds, to seed coat variable color, soft, peelable with the exosper of hand rubbing; Taking-up is spread out, cools; After instantaneous high-temperature process, part biological enzyme in seed destroys, breaking dormancy state, can direct germination;

Mixed by the fine sand of hot seed with 5 times amount, in flat, plastic container, below has pore can drain too much moisture, and top is added a cover and prevented top layer excess moisture volatilization; Suitably spray water every 3 ~ 5 days dry wet situations of basis and keep moistening, keep 30 ~ 40 days in normal temperature, seed grows the fibrous root of 1 ~ 3cm length, and can transplant and continue nursery to seedbed, seed germination rate reaches more than 90%.

(2) to hunger and thirst process hardening, increase seedling and divide the method for planting survival rate

After annual rainy season in May, select soft plot, weeding, whole, loosen the soil; Irrigate with the tea bran water (1: 5) of fermentation more than one week, sterilization; Two days later, ridge is opened in ditching; The wide 1.2m of ridge, depth of draining 30 ~ 50cm, be beneficial to draining; Laterally open plantation ditch every 30cm in ridge, ditch depth is about 10cm; Put a strain seedling every 15 ~ 20cm, and look temperature, humidity condition at that time, allow the outdoor airing of seedling 1 ~ 3 hour hardening, then blinding, water, rise again; New root can be grown after about 20 days; Flung to portion of water in seedling body through hardening, made it be in state of hungering and thirst, after point cultivation, long root is fast; Meanwhile, soil is through sterilization, and fertilizer only uses the peanut press pulp, the tea bran that fermented, avoids using the farmyard manures such as chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung, reduces bacterium, virus contamination, prevent rotten, rotten seedling.Divide and plant survival rate more than 90%;

After long seedling, ridging, fixes and prevents from shining root; Regular spray peanut press pulp water (1: 8 ~ 1: 10), next year can increase to (1: 5).Rainy season prevents root rot with tea bran water, carbendazim sterilization;

(3) topping treatment urgees the method for polygerm breeding increase yield

Seedling divides the plant of cultivation after 2 years, and after falling seedling autumn and winter, earth opened by careful plane, exposes rhizome, nipped off by terminal bud with hand; Will grow two new talents spring next year, rhizome is double head type; Within continuous 2 years later, fall after seedling and all operate by this, obtain the rhizome of four-head, eight head dummys respectively.

This technology fundamentally changes the state of the single growing point of rhizoma paris rhizome, acrial part becomes several seedling from an only son and heir and stands in great numbers, maximum person can reach 13 ~ 15 branches, photosynthetic area significantly increases, underground rhizome nutritious substances accumulation is accelerated, and the volume of each plant rhizome, weight are all than not going terminal bud person significantly to increase.Usually dividing cultivation after 5 years, average yield increases by 2 ~ 3 times.Divide cultivation can gather after 3 ~ 5 years.Usually fall in the fall after seedling and gather, wash away silt, cut off fibrous root, dry or dry.

The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; any those of ordinary skill in the art are in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention; the change can expected without creative work or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain that protection scope of the present invention should limit with claims is as the criterion.

Claims (1)

1. a Paris polyphylla implantation methods, is characterized in that, it comprises following three method steps:

(1) instantaneous high-temperature process reverses seed dormant seedling-cultivating method

Annual 8 ~ September, picking fruit during paris polyphylla fruit maturation; The fruit that domesticating and cultivating more than 3 years plant of learning from else's experience are tied, chooses fresh red ripe seed of gathering and is about 100g, with gauze parcel, immerses boiling hot 2 ~ 3 seconds in the hot water of 95 ~ 100 DEG C, to seed coat variable color, soft, peelable with the exosper of hand rubbing; Taking-up is spread out, cools; After instantaneous high-temperature process, part biological enzyme in seed destroys, breaking dormancy state, can direct germination;

Mixed by the fine sand of hot seed with 5 times amount, in flat, plastic container, below has pore can drain too much moisture, and top is added a cover and prevented top layer excess moisture volatilization; Suitably spray water every 3 ~ 5 days dry wet situations of basis and keep moistening, keep 30 ~ 40 days in normal temperature, seed grows the fibrous root of 1 ~ 3cm length, and can transplant and continue nursery to seedbed, seed germination rate reaches more than 90%;

(2) to hunger and thirst process hardening, increase seedling and divide the method for planting survival rate

After annual rainy season in May, select soft plot, weeding, whole, loosen the soil; Irrigate with the tea bran water (1: 5) of fermentation more than one week, sterilization; Two days later, ridge is opened in ditching; The wide 1.2m of ridge, depth of draining 30 ~ 50cm, be beneficial to draining; Laterally open plantation ditch every 30cm in ridge, ditch depth is about 10cm; Put a strain seedling every 15 ~ 20cm, and look temperature, humidity condition at that time, allow the outdoor airing of seedling 1 ~ 3 hour hardening, then blinding, water, rise again; New root can be grown after about 20 days; Flung to portion of water in seedling body through hardening, made it be in state of hungering and thirst, after point cultivation, long root is fast; Meanwhile, soil is through sterilization, and fertilizer only uses the peanut press pulp, the tea bran that fermented, avoids using the farmyard manures such as chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung, reduces bacterium, virus contamination, prevent rotten, rotten seedling.Divide and plant survival rate more than 90%;

After long seedling, ridging, fixes and prevents from shining root; Regular spray peanut press pulp water (1: 8 ~ 1: 10), next year can increase to (1: 5).Rainy season prevents root rot with tea bran water, carbendazim sterilization;

(3) topping treatment urgees the method for polygerm breeding increase yield

Seedling divides the plant of cultivation after 2 years, and after falling seedling autumn and winter, earth opened by careful plane, exposes rhizome, nipped off by terminal bud with hand; Will grow two new talents spring next year, rhizome is double head type; Within continuous 2 years later, fall after seedling and all operate by this, obtain the rhizome of four-head, eight head dummys respectively.