CN105309171A - Planting method of loquats - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a planting method of loquats, belongs to the technical fields of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, hunting, trapping and fishing and particularly relates to the planting method of the loquats. The planting method of the loquats, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the growth speed is rapid, the yield is high and tree bodies are healthy. The planting method of the loquats comprises the following steps: (1) building an orchard: carrying out partial soil improvement when the orchard is built; carrying out high-ridge field planting on the flat-land orchard and digging a drainage ditch; (2) selecting a variety, wherein Changhong No.3 has the characteristics of high and stable yield and best favor, ripens at the time about half a month later than Zaozhong No.6 and has smaller sizes, and the average single fruit weight is about 40g; (3) spraying hormones to control tips and accelerate flowers, wherein the young loquats grow excessively, particularly the hormones need to be sprayed on Jiefangzhong to control the tips and accelerate the flowers; (4) carrying out field planting, and controlling cultivation density: digging field planting holes half a year before the field planting and applying enough base fertilizers; (5) carrying out annular cutting and annular peeling on trees with very strong tree vigor, wherein the depth takes the conditions that barks are cut through and woodiness is not damaged as the standard.

Description

The implantation methods of a kind of loquat

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural; Forestry; Livestock breeding; Hunt; Trapping; Halieutics field, particularly relates to the implantation methods of loquat.

Background technology

Loquat, another name: reed tangerine, golden ball, Lu Zhi, Latin literary fame: Eriobotryajaponica (Thunb.) the Lindl. rose family, loquat belong to evergreen dungarunga, and sprig is sturdy, yellowish-brown, close look or the taupe brown fine hair of getting rusty.Blade keratin, lanceolar, lanceolar, obovate or oval Long Circle; The florescence 10-12 month, the fruit phase 5-6 month.Originate in subtropics, various places are extensively cultivated.Happiness sun, drought-enduring less demanding to soil, be usually used in ornamental plantation; Fruit loquat, has and controls xeropulmonary cough's effect.

Originate in subtropics, require higher temperature, average temperature of the whole year more than 12 DEG C can normal growth, but carries out loquat average temperature of the whole year that cultivation domestication crosses in loquat base, North Jiangsu Area at-10 ~ 30 DEG C, and the area without special severe cold weather can be planted.The loquat florescence, Winter-Spring low temperature was yielded positive results affecting it at the beginning of last month of spring in winter.During temperature-6 DEG C to blooming ,-3 DEG C time freeze injury is produced to young fruit; More than 10 DEG C pollen start to germinate, and about 20 DEG C pollen germinations are most suitable.But when temperature or ground temperature reach more than 30 DEG C, branches and leaves and root growth slow and bad, fruit meets the high temperature of 35 DEG C for 7 ~ 15 days before harvesting, is easy to produce to burn day evil, even loses edibility.Loquat requires sternly soil, and adaptability is comparatively wide, and general soil is energy growth result all, but to grow better containing sand or the more chesson of chad.

Existing loquat implantation methods also has problems, and the growth rate of loquat is slow, and yield poorly, health status cannot be monitored in time.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is exactly for the problems referred to above, provides a kind of growth rate block, output high and the implantation methods of a kind of loquat of tree body health.

To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme.

An implantation methods for loquat, comprises the following steps.

(1) garden is built, for root system creates a good soil environment.Loquat root system is undeveloped, even if plant in well-drained fluvisol, main root also can only go deep into 1-and 1.3 meters, about have the Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry of 80% to be distributed in table soil 10-in the soil layer of 15 centimetres, less than 80 centimetres Root Distribution are little.Because Root Distribution is shallow, so easily there is physiological disorder phenomenon, as there are drought, fertilizer damage, wrinkle fruit and the early ageing of tree body etc.Therefore, first local soil improvement should be carried out when building garden.Hillside orchard preferably builds contour tableland, and digs large and dark planting pit, uses sufficient base manure; Flat Ground Orchard wants high furrow field planting, has dug drain ditch.

(2) Fruit variety, improved Varieties in Loquat is a lot, but the development of comparatively applicable South Fujian Province has, and early clock 6 is led, Changhong No.3, greatly five-pointed star etc.Early-middle Jurassic feature is precocious, and use of the new technology cultivation, can go on the market around the Spring Festival.Fruit is also comparatively large, and through conscientious flower and fruit thinning, mean fruit weight can reach more than 50 grams, quality better, rich in sugar.Changhong No.3 feature is stable high yield, and local flavor is best.Ripe than about the slow two weeks of early-middle Jurassic, head is slightly smaller, mean fruit weight about 40 grams.Large five-pointed star feature is that fruit is large, and average fruit weighs more than 80 grams, and maximum has more than 100 gram.Quality, more late-maturing, early June is just ripe.

(3), hormone controlling the treetops and hastening blossom is sprayed.Loquat sapling up-growth is excessively prosperous, particularly liberates clock, needs to take the short flower of spray hormone.Add paclobutrazol 50 ~ 60 grams with paclobutrazol every barrel water, squirt terminal bud as far as possible.

(4) field planting, planting density: the first half has first been dug planting pit in field planting, uses sufficient base fertilizer.South Fujian Province is with field planting in early spring as well, generally high to planting survival rates at the beginning of 3 months from unit middle of the month.Select robust growth, well developed root system, height of seedling 40-50 centimetres, thick more than 0.8 centimetre of stem, grafting without serious damage by disease and insect.During field planting, first nursery stock blade is cut off 2/3, cut flat and hinder root, make collar expose native face, root system is unfolded in cave, fills up fine earth around root system, then by nursery stock righting, mentions gently, suitable having peace of mind, waters sufficient normal root water, finally uses grass or polyethylene film cover tree dish, keeps ground moistening.After field planting in several days, every day is to blade water spray 2-3 times, favourablely to survive.

(5) girdling band girdle, the tree vigorous especially to tree vigo(u)r carries out, the degree of depth with cut wear bark and do not hinder wooden for degree, the girdling number of turns, skeleton branch 3 ~ 4 enclose, sprig 1 ~ 2 enclose.Band girdle width, between 0.2 ~ 0.4 centimetre, can be fully recovered for 20 ~ 30 days later.The branch of a general strain tree girdling, stripping 40 ~ 60%, must guard against lopwood and adopts, notice that the sterilization of cutter and wound is in case introduced disease.

As a kind of preferred version, management method is, loquat treelet is not only afraid of flood but also be afraid of drought, and rainy season will note draining, and ten million can not ponding.Summer, autumn are afraid of that drought is afraid of burning sun again, and tree dish must cover grass, and often keeps ground moistening, spray water in blade face.After result, young sprout growth and fruit development need adequate water, but orchard ponding again can rotten, fall leaves, even extremely set.Summer hot and dry weather can affect flower bud differentiation again, causes fallen leaves, can adopt early, evening waters and spray water in blade face and ground litters.

Beneficial effect of the present invention.

The implantation methods of a kind of loquat of the present invention, simple, cost-saving.And the health status of loquat can be observed at any time, increase the output of loquat, make the plantation of loquat more easily carry out spread.

Embodiment

The implantation methods of a kind of loquat of the present invention, comprises the following steps.

(1) garden is built, for root system creates a good soil environment.Loquat root system is undeveloped, even if plant in well-drained fluvisol, main root also can only go deep into 1-and 1.3 meters, about have the Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry of 80% to be distributed in table soil 10-in the soil layer of 15 centimetres, less than 80 centimetres Root Distribution are little.Because Root Distribution is shallow, so easily there is physiological disorder phenomenon, as there are drought, fertilizer damage, wrinkle fruit and the early ageing of tree body etc.Therefore, first local soil improvement should be carried out when building garden.Hillside orchard preferably builds contour tableland, and digs large and dark planting pit, uses sufficient base manure; Flat Ground Orchard wants high furrow field planting, has dug drain ditch.

(2) Fruit variety, improved Varieties in Loquat is a lot, but the development of comparatively applicable South Fujian Province has, and early clock 6 is led, Changhong No.3, greatly five-pointed star etc.Early-middle Jurassic feature is precocious, and use of the new technology cultivation, can go on the market around the Spring Festival.Fruit is also comparatively large, and through conscientious flower and fruit thinning, mean fruit weight can reach more than 50 grams, quality better, rich in sugar.Changhong No.3 feature is stable high yield, and local flavor is best.Ripe than about the slow two weeks of early-middle Jurassic, head is slightly smaller, mean fruit weight about 40 grams.Large five-pointed star feature is that fruit is large, and average fruit weighs more than 80 grams, and maximum has more than 100 gram.Quality, more late-maturing, early June is just ripe.。

(3), hormone controlling the treetops and hastening blossom is sprayed.Loquat sapling up-growth is excessively prosperous, particularly liberates clock, needs to take the short flower of spray hormone.Add paclobutrazol 50 ~ 60 grams with paclobutrazol every barrel water, squirt terminal bud as far as possible.

(4) field planting, planting density: the first half has first been dug planting pit in field planting, uses sufficient base fertilizer.South Fujian Province is with field planting in early spring as well, generally high to planting survival rates at the beginning of 3 months from unit middle of the month.Select robust growth, well developed root system, height of seedling 40-50 centimetres, thick more than 0.8 centimetre of stem, grafting without serious damage by disease and insect.During field planting, first nursery stock blade is cut off 2/3, cut flat and hinder root, make collar expose native face, root system is unfolded in cave, fills up fine earth around root system, then by nursery stock righting, mentions gently, suitable having peace of mind, waters sufficient normal root water, finally uses grass or polyethylene film cover tree dish, keeps ground moistening.After field planting in several days, every day is to blade water spray 2-3 times, favourablely to survive.

(5) girdling band girdle, the tree vigorous especially to tree vigo(u)r carries out, the degree of depth with cut wear bark and do not hinder wooden for degree, the girdling number of turns, skeleton branch 3 ~ 4 enclose, sprig 1 ~ 2 enclose.Band girdle width, between 0.2 ~ 0.4 centimetre, can be fully recovered for 20 ~ 30 days later.The branch of a general strain tree girdling, stripping 40 ~ 60%, must guard against lopwood and adopts, notice that the sterilization of cutter and wound is in case introduced disease.

As a kind of preferred version, management method is, loquat treelet is not only afraid of flood but also be afraid of drought, and rainy season will note draining, and ten million can not ponding.Summer, autumn are afraid of that drought is afraid of burning sun again, and tree dish must cover grass, and often keeps ground moistening, spray water in blade face.After result, young sprout growth and fruit development need adequate water, but orchard ponding again can rotten, fall leaves, even extremely set.Summer hot and dry weather can affect flower bud differentiation again, causes fallen leaves, can adopt early, evening waters and spray water in blade face and ground litters.

Claims (2)

1. an implantation methods for loquat, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps;

(1) garden is built, for root system creates a good soil environment; Loquat root system is undeveloped, even if plant in well-drained fluvisol, main root also can only go deep into 1-1.3 rice, and about have the Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry of 80% to be distributed in the soil layer of native 10-15 centimetre, table, less than 80 centimetres Root Distribution are little; Because Root Distribution is shallow, so easily there is physiological disorder phenomenon, as there are drought, fertilizer damage, wrinkle fruit and the early ageing of tree body etc.; Therefore, first local soil improvement should be carried out when building garden; Hillside orchard preferably builds contour tableland, and digs large and dark planting pit, uses sufficient base manure; Flat Ground Orchard wants high furrow field planting, has dug drain ditch;

(2) Fruit variety, improved Varieties in Loquat is a lot, but the development of comparatively applicable South Fujian Province has, and early clock 6 is led, Changhong No.3, greatly five-pointed star etc.; Early-middle Jurassic feature is precocious, and use of the new technology cultivation, can go on the market around the Spring Festival; Fruit is also comparatively large, and through conscientious flower and fruit thinning, mean fruit weight can reach more than 50 grams, quality better, rich in sugar; Changhong No.3 feature is stable high yield, and local flavor is best; Ripe than about the slow two weeks of early-middle Jurassic, head is slightly smaller, mean fruit weight about 40 grams; Large five-pointed star feature is that fruit is large, and average fruit weighs more than 80 grams, and maximum has more than 100 gram; Quality, more late-maturing, early June is just ripe;

(3) hormone controlling the treetops and hastening blossom is sprayed; Loquat sapling up-growth is excessively prosperous, particularly liberates clock, needs to take the short flower of spray hormone; Add paclobutrazol 50 ~ 60 grams with paclobutrazol every barrel water, squirt terminal bud as far as possible;

(4) field planting, planting density: the first half has first been dug planting pit in field planting, uses sufficient base fertilizer; South Fujian Province is with field planting in early spring as well, generally high to planting survival rates at the beginning of 3 months from unit middle of the month; Select robust growth, well developed root system, height of seedling 40-50 centimetres, thick more than 0.8 centimetre of stem, grafting without serious damage by disease and insect; During field planting, first nursery stock blade is cut off 2/3, cut flat and hinder root, make collar expose native face, root system is unfolded in cave, fills up fine earth around root system, then by nursery stock righting, mentions gently, suitable having peace of mind, waters sufficient normal root water, finally uses grass or polyethylene film cover tree dish, keeps ground moistening; After field planting in several days, every day, to blade water spray 2-3 time, favourablely to survive;

(5) girdling band girdle, the tree vigorous especially to tree vigo(u)r carries out, the degree of depth with cut wear bark and do not hinder wooden for degree, the girdling number of turns, skeleton branch 3 ~ 4 enclose, sprig 1 ~ 2 enclose; Band girdle width, between 0.2 ~ 0.4 centimetre, can be fully recovered for 20 ~ 30 days later; The branch of a general strain tree girdling, stripping 40 ~ 60%, must guard against lopwood and adopts, notice that the sterilization of cutter and wound is in case introduced disease.

2. the implantation methods of a kind of loquat according to claim 1, is characterized in that: management method is, loquat treelet is not only afraid of flood but also be afraid of drought, and rainy season will note draining, and ten million can not ponding; Summer, autumn are afraid of that drought is afraid of burning sun again, and tree dish must cover grass, and often keeps ground moistening, spray water in blade face; After result, young sprout growth and fruit development need adequate water, but orchard ponding again can rotten, fall leaves, even extremely set; Summer hot and dry weather can affect flower bud differentiation again, causes fallen leaves, can adopt early, evening waters and spray water in blade face and ground litters.