CN105284604B - A kind of breeding method of black high-yield peanut variety - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of black high-yield peanut variety Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breeding method of black high-yield peanut variety, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps:Parents:Selecting high-yield peanut variety, it is male parent to select Black seed coat kind, is pollinated by artificial hybridization for female parent;Character screening:F0~F2 is for monoseeding, selfing, individual plant harvest;Single-plant selection:F3~F4 is for monoseeding, and selfing, harvest is preceding to select individual plant/strain according to preferable peanut plant model;Pod is harvested in individual plant/strain of selection, is dried, character detection is carried out to pod according to preferable peanut pod model, retains the qualified individual plant/strain of pod;Obtain target strain:The strain of reservation carries out yield detection and the experiment of identification garden, compared with control group, selects the high strain of yield increased group;The present invention solves the problems, such as that high yield, Black seed coat and disease resistance polymerization are difficult, highly shortened breeding cycle, has important application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method, and in particular to a kind of breeding method of black high-yield peanut variety.
Background technology
Blackcurrant pigment, i.e. Black seed coat peanut, are one kind of colored peanut, and its kernel seed coat colour is dark purple to furvous.But
Blackcurrant pigment is nutritious, not only containing abundant thick protein, crude fibre and crude fat outside, interior calcic, potassium, copper, zinc,
The nutritional ingredients such as iron, selenium, manganese and the amino acid of 8 kinds of vitamins and 19 kinds of needed by human body.In addition, containing a large amount of in blackcurrant pigment kind skin
Anthocyanin, anthocyanin are the glucosides that anthocyanidin is formed with various monose in its natural state, are that one kind is widely present in nature
Water-soluble natural pigment in plant.Research shows that anthocyanin is acted on by its stronger oxidation and removing free radicals, is shown
Anti-inflammatory, the multiple biological activities such as cardiovascular, antitumor are protected, there is the work(such as anti-oxidant, anti-mutation, anticancer and anti arteriosclerosis
Energy.Therefore blackcurrant pigment has great market prospects as health food.With favor of the people to blackcurrant pigment, from 20th century
The nineties, Domestic Scientific Research unit and Seed company are all successively directed to the cultivation of blackcurrant pigment kind, although in recent years
Some blackcurrant pigment kinds are cultivated, as Shanxi spends No. 9, the lattice in Shandong profit No.1, Jiangxi spends No. 9, the black colored No.1 of positive agriculture, opens agriculture blackcurrant pigment
Deng.But due to In Guangdong Province special geography and amblent air temperature, these blackcurrant pigment variety yields are low, and resistance against diseases is poor, adaptability
The defects of poor, just shows rapidly.At present, the breeding of blackcurrant pigment is cultivated a blackcurrant pigment kind and led to still using conventional breeding method
Often need 8~10 years.Further, since lacking efficient blackcurrant pigment breeding method, only focus on Juvenile stage and progeny selection
Single traits, i.e., selected only for black race's skin peanuts, lack and kind is comprehensively considered, cause high-yield high-quality
Blackcurrant pigment kind is particularly rare.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of seed selection side of high yield black peanut varieties
Method, the present invention solve the problems, such as that high yield, Black seed coat and disease resistance polymerization are difficult, highly shortened breeding cycle, have weight
The application value wanted.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of breeding method of black high-yield peanut variety, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) selecting high-yield peanut variety, it is male parent to select Black seed coat kind, is pollinated by artificial hybridization, is obtained for female parent
Peanut hybridization seed F0 generations;
2) in the F0 generations obtained step 1), carry out monoseeding, selfing, and individual plant harvests, and harvest dries stripping after pod maturation
Shell, the peanut of purple seed coat color is screened, obtain peanut seed F1 generation;
The peanut of screening purple seed coat color is basis as peanut seed F1 generation:Using the Black seed coat character of peanut by a pair
The characteristics of incomplete dominance major gene resistance controls, when designing cross combination, using Black seed coat kind as male parent, other color kinds
The high-yield variety of skin is female parent, and in F0 generations caused by hybridization, the color of its kind of skin is consistent with female parent;F0 generation sowings are selfed, screening
Contain the purple seed coat color seed of black seed coat gene as F1 generation, represent F0 on behalf of the successful seed of hybridization;
3) F1 generation for obtaining step 2) carries out monoseeding, and selfing, individual plant harvest, it is black and purple to retain seed kind skin
The individual plant of color, peanut seed F2 generations are obtained from the individual plant of reservation;
4) in the F2 generations obtained step 3), carry out monoseeding, and selfing, individual plant harvest, it is black to retain whole seed kind skins
Individual plant, peanut seed F3 generations are obtained from the individual plant of reservation;
Retain the individual plant that whole seed kind skins are black, it is basis that peanut seed F3 generations are obtained from the individual plant of reservation:Kind
The individual plant that skin color is broken up, is hybrid, and seed kind skin is all black, then it represents that trait segregation does not occur, obtained kind
Son is the peanut seed of homozygous black seed coat gene, chooses homozyous seed as peanut seed F3 generations;
5) in the F3 generations obtained step 4), carry out monoseeding, and selfing, harvest is preceding to be selected according to preferable peanut plant model
Individual plant;Pod is harvested on the individual plant of selection, is dried, character detection is carried out to pod according to preferable peanut pod model, retained
The qualified individual plant of pod, peanut seed F4 generations are obtained from the individual plant of reservation;
6) in the F4 generations obtained step 5), carry out monoseeding, and selfing, harvest is preceding to be selected according to preferable peanut plant model
Plant strains;Pod is harvested in the strain of selection, is dried, character detection is carried out to pod according to preferable peanut pod model,
Retain the qualified strain of pod, yield detection is carried out to the strain of reservation, selects the high black peanut of 10~20 plants of yield
Strain;
7) the black peanut strain that step 6) obtains is carried out identifying garden experiment, carries out Yield comparison with control group, select
The high strain of yield increased group.
A kind of preferable scheme as the present invention:Male parent kernel percent described in step 1) is more than 70%.
A kind of preferable scheme as the present invention:Preferable peanut plant model described in step 5) and step 6) is simultaneously
Possesses following condition:
A) the high 40~45cm of spring planting stem;
B) angle of first pair of side shoot and stem is less than 45 °;
C) branch amount is less than 10;
D) continuously bloom;
E) disease-resistanting leaf spot and rust.
A kind of preferable scheme as the present invention:Preferable peanut pod model described in step 5) and step 6) is simultaneously
Possesses following condition:
A) skin black is planted;
B) individual plant pod number is more than 25;
C) individual plant satisfies fruit number more than 20;
D) without obvious brimming and beak;
E) shell is relatively thin, and kernel percent is up to more than 70%.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1st, by the breeding method of the present invention, effectively by the high-yield character of high-yield variety and Black seed coat peanut varieties
Black seed coat character is integrated in a kind, cultivates the black high-yield peanut variety for being adapted to local plantation.
2nd, breeding method of the invention is chosen by observing the kernel seed coat colour of peanut and hybridizes successful strain, be that make use of
The character of peanut Black seed coat is controlled by a pair of incomplete dominance major gene resistances, by the kernel seed coat colour for observing peanut seed F1 generation
It can determine whether peanut seed F0 generations hybridize success, to ensure to obtain target strain.
3rd, by the breeding method of the present invention when preparing hybrid combines, by observing in the offspring after hybridizing whether there is appearance
Trait differentiation selects the hybridization strain containing homozygous black seed coat gene, ensures the stability of heredity, highly shortened and educate
In the kind cycle, by the breeding method of the present invention, stable strain can be obtained within 3~4 years.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described further:
Specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of breeding method of black high-yield peanut variety, comprises the following steps:
1) autumn in 2010, select high-yield peanut variety Guangdong oil 7 that there are following characteristics for female parent, the female parent:High yield, resist
Disease, the growth of its progeny plant are more prone to be adapted to Guangdong weather and environment;It is 183 for male parent, the male parent that selection casting skin south, which changes,
With following characteristics:Kernel seed coat colour is black, and fruit type is larger and full, dry fruit kernel percent more than 75%;Awarded by artificial hybridization
Powder, obtain peanut hybridization seed F0 generations.Pollinated for ease of artificial hybridization, male parent is seeded in greatly in right amount according to general planting technology
Field;Female parent used potted plant growth after one week, totally 3 basin, per 2 seeds of basin.
2) in spring in 2011, the F0 generations that step 1) is obtained, carry out monoseeding, selfing, and individual plant harvests, and is received after pod maturation
Obtain to dry and peel off, screen the peanut of purple seed coat color, remove the incomplete seed that rots, obtain peanut seed F1 generation;
3) autumn in 2011, the F1 generation that step 2) is obtained carry out monoseeding, enhance field management and ensure uniformity,
Selfing, individual plant harvest, dries and peels off, and removes the peanut individual plant that kernel seed coat colour is pink colour, it is black and purple to retain seed kind skin
Individual plant, each individual plant takes 2 seeds, obtains peanut seed F2 generations;
4) in spring in 2012, the F2 generations that step 3) is obtained, carry out monoseeding, selfing, individual plant harvest, dry and peel off, remove
The individual plant that kernel seed coat colour breaks up, retains the individual plant that whole seed kind skins are black, and each individual plant takes 2 seeds, spent
Non-hibernating eggs F3 generations;
5) in autumn in 2012, the F3 generations that step 4) is obtained, carry out monoseeding, selfing, according to preferable peanut plant before harvesting
Model Condition carries out Single-plant selection:
A) the high 40~45cm of spring planting stem;
B) angle of first pair of side shoot and stem is less than 45 °;
C) branch amount is less than 10;
D) continuously bloom;
E) disease-resistanting leaf spot and rust;
Obtain 59 plants of elite plant;
Then pod is harvested on the individual plant of selection, is dried, character inspection is carried out to pod according to preferable peanut pod model
Survey:
A) skin black is planted;
B) individual plant pod number is more than 25;
C) individual plant satisfies fruit number more than 20;
D) without obvious brimming and beak;
E) shell is relatively thin, and kernel percent is up to more than 70%;
So as to obtain excellent 28 plants of pod individual plant;28 plants of excellent pod individual plants are numbered, 30 seeds are selected on each individual plant,
Obtain peanut seed F4 generations;
6) in spring in 2013, the F4 generations that step 5) is obtained, number monoseeding respectively according to individual plant, are selfed, basis before harvest
Preferable peanut plant model described in step 5) carries out plant strains selection;The strain of selection is harvested into pod, dried, according to
Preferable peanut pod model described in step 5) carries out character detection to pod, retains qualified 24 plants of the strain of pod,
Yield detection is carried out to the strain of reservation, testing result is as shown in table 1:
The yield monitoring result of table 1
Numbering | Yield (kg) | Numbering | Yield (kg) |
2010B14-249 | 0.552 | 2010B14-166 | 0.378 |
2010B14-235 | 0.534 | 2010B14-215 | 0.373 |
2010B14-223 | 0.508 | 2010B14-218 | 0.366 |
2010B14-237 | 0.487 | 2010B14-245 | 0.357 |
2010B14-234 | 0.466 | 2010B14-171 | 0.350 |
2010B14-225 | 0.453 | 2010B14-244 | 0.344 |
2010B14-248 | 0.446 | 2010B14-226 | 0.341 |
2010B14-219 | 0.434 | 2010B14-169 | 0.336 |
2010B14-247 | 0.432 | 2010B14-243 | 0.331 |
2010B14-233 | 0.422 | 2010B14-161 | 0.316 |
2010B14-221 | 0.401 | 2010B14-158 | 0.311 |
2010B14-157 | 0.389 | 2010B14-240 | 0.309 |
The high black peanut strain of 12 plants of yield before being selected from table 1;
7) autumn in 2013, the black peanut strain that step 6) obtains is carried out to identify garden experiment, conventional product are chosen in control kind
Kind Shanyou 523 (CK);Per 0.02 mu of cell, each 3 repetitions of strain, random alignment, ensure sufficient water and fertilizer management.During harvest
Yield test is carried out, verification result is as shown in table 2:
Table 2 identifies garden blackcurrant pigment seed selection yield monitoring result
Finally give high 2010B14-249,2010B14-235 and 2010B14-233 strain of yield increased kind.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of breeding method of black high-yield peanut variety, comprises the following steps:
1) autumn in 2010, select high-yield peanut variety Guangdong oil 7 that there are following characteristics for female parent, the female parent:High yield, resist
Disease, the growth of its progeny plant are more prone to be adapted to Guangdong weather and environment;It is male parent to select black hull peanut Peal blackberry, the male parent
With following characteristics:Kernel seed coat colour is black, and pod size is medium and full, dry fruit kernel percent more than 70%;By artificial miscellaneous
Pollination is handed over, obtains peanut hybridization seed F0 generations.Pollinated for ease of artificial hybridization, male parent is seeded in right amount according to general planting technology
Crop field;Female parent used potted plant growth after one week, totally 3 basin, per 2 seeds of basin.
2) in spring in 2011, the F0 generations that step 1) is obtained, carry out monoseeding, selfing, and individual plant harvests, and is received after pod maturation
Obtain to dry and peel off, screen the peanut of purple seed coat color, remove the incomplete seed that rots, obtain peanut seed F1 generation;
3) autumn in 2011, step 2) is obtained into F1 generation and carries out monoseeding, enhances field management and ensures uniformity, from
Hand over, individual plant harvest, dry and peel off, remove the peanut individual plant that kernel seed coat colour is pink colour, it is black and purple to retain seed kind skin
Individual plant, each individual plant take 2 seeds, obtain peanut seed F2 generations;
4) spring in 2012, step 3) is obtained into F2 generation progress monoseedings, selfing, individual plant harvest, dries and peels off, removal kind
The individual plant that skin color is broken up, retains the individual plant that whole seed kind skins are black, and each individual plant takes 2 seeds, obtains peanut
Seed F3 generations;
5) autumn in 2012, step 4) is obtained into F3 generation progress monoseedings, selfing, according to preferable peanut plant mould before harvesting
Type condition carries out Single-plant selection:
A) the high 40~45cm of spring planting stem;
B) angle of first pair of side shoot and stem is less than 45 °;
C) branch amount is less than 10;
D) continuously bloom;
E) disease-resistanting leaf spot and rust;
Obtain 26 plants of elite plant;
Then pod is harvested on the individual plant of selection, is dried, character inspection is carried out to pod according to preferable peanut pod model
Survey:
A) skin black is planted;
B) individual plant pod number is more than 25;
C) individual plant satisfies fruit number more than 20;
D) without obvious brimming and beak;
E) shell is relatively thin, and kernel percent is up to more than 70%;
So as to obtain excellent 13 plants of pod individual plant;13 plants of excellent pod individual plants are numbered, 30 seeds are selected on each individual plant,
Obtain peanut seed F4 generations;
6) spring in 2013, step 5) is obtained into F4 generations according to individual plant numbering difference monoseeding, selfing, according to step before harvesting
It is rapid 5) described in preferable peanut plant model selection plant strains;The strain of selection is harvested into pod, dried, according to step 5)
Described in preferable peanut pod model to pod carry out character detection, retain qualified 8 plants of the strain of pod, to reservation
Strain carries out yield detection, and testing result is as shown in table 3:
The yield monitoring result of table 3
Numbering | Yield (kg) | Numbering | Yield (kg) |
2010B16-111 | 0.673 | 2010B16-96 | 0.442 |
2010B16-101 | 0.574 | 2010B16-98 | 0.329 |
2010B16-97 | 0.527 | 2010B16-108 | 0.375 |
2010B16-106 | 0.491 | 2010B16-109 | 0.304 |
The black peanut strain of 4 plant height yield before being selected from table 3;
7) autumn in 2013, the black peanut strain that step 6) obtains is carried out to identify garden experiment, conventional product are chosen in control kind
Kind Shanyou 523 (CK);Per 0.02 mu of cell, each 3 repetitions of strain, random alignment, ensure sufficient water and fertilizer management.During harvest
Yield test is carried out, verification result is as shown in table 4:
Table 4 identifies garden blackcurrant pigment seed selection yield monitoring result
Finally give the high 2010B16-111 and 2010B16-101 strains of yield increased kind.
For those skilled in the art, technical scheme that can be as described above and design, make other each
Kind is corresponding to be changed and deforms, and all these change and deformed the protection model that should all belong to the claims in the present invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of breeding method of black high-yield peanut variety, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1)Selecting high-yield peanut variety, it is male parent to select Black seed coat kind, is pollinated by artificial hybridization, obtains peanut for female parent
Hybrid seed F0 generations;
2)In the F0 generations that step 1) is obtained, carry out monoseeding, selfing, and individual plant harvests, and harvest, which is dried, after pod maturation peels off, and sieves
The peanut of purple seed coat color is selected, obtains peanut seed F1 generation;
3)The F1 generation that step 2) is obtained carries out monoseeding, and selfing, individual plant harvest, it is black and purple to retain seed kind skin
Individual plant, peanut seed F2 generations are obtained from the individual plant of reservation;
4)In the F2 generations that step 3) is obtained, carry out monoseeding, selfing, individual plant harvest, retain the list that whole seed kind skins are black
Strain, obtains peanut seed F3 generations from the individual plant of reservation;
5)In the F3 generations that step 4) is obtained, carry out monoseeding, and selfing, harvest is preceding to select individual plant according to preferable peanut plant model;
Pod is harvested on the individual plant of selection, is dried, character detection is carried out to pod according to preferable peanut pod model, retains pod symbol
The individual plant of conjunction condition, peanut seed F4 generations are obtained from the individual plant of reservation;
6)In the F4 generations that step 5) is obtained, carry out monoseeding, and selfing, harvest is preceding to select plant according to preferable peanut plant model
Strain;Pod is harvested in the strain of selection, is dried, character detection is carried out to pod according to preferable peanut pod model, retained
The qualified strain of pod, yield detection is carried out to the strain of reservation, selects the high black peanut strain of 10 ~ 20 plants of yield;
7)By step 6)Obtained black peanut strain carries out identifying garden experiment, carries out Yield comparison with control group, selects yield
The strain higher than control group;
Step 5)With step 6)Described in preferable peanut plant model be provided simultaneously with following condition:
a)High 40 ~ the 45cm of spring planting stem;
b)The angle of first pair of side shoot and stem is less than 45 °;
c)Branch amount is less than 10;
d)Continuously bloom;
e)Disease-resistanting leaf spot and rust;
Step 5)With step 6)Described in preferable peanut pod model be provided simultaneously with following condition:
a)Kind skin black;
b)Individual plant pod number is more than 25;
c)Individual plant satisfies fruit number more than 20;
d)Without obvious brimming and beak;
e)Shell is relatively thin, and kernel percent is up to more than 70%.
2. the breeding method of black high-yield peanut variety as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step 1)Described in father
This kernel percent is more than 70%.
3. the breeding method of black high-yield peanut variety as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step 2)In, sieve
It is basis that the peanut of purple seed coat color, which is selected, as peanut seed F1 generation:The character of peanut Black seed coat is by a pair of incomplete dominance main effects
Gene controls, and screens the purple seed coat color seed for containing black seed coat gene as F1 generation, represents F0 on behalf of the successful seed of hybridization.
4. the breeding method of black high-yield peanut variety as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step 4)In, protect
The individual plant for staying whole seed kind skins to be black, it is basis that peanut seed F3 generations are obtained from the individual plant of reservation:If seed kind skin is all
For black, trait segregation does not occur, then is homozyous seed, chooses homozyous seed as peanut seed F3 generations.
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CN105961195B (en) * | 2016-07-02 | 2018-06-22 | 王国宣 | A kind of hybridizing method of high anthocyanidin charcoal black hull peanut |
CN107410009B (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2019-07-02 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of selection of high protein peanut varieties |
CN107148909B (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-04-23 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of breeding method of U-shaped high-yield disease resisting peanut varieties |
CN110100720A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-09 | 漯河市农业科学院 | A kind of selection of high yield colour peanut |
CN110367116B (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2022-03-11 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | High-oleic acid peanut hybridization breeding method |
CN110578016B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-11-05 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Molecular marker AhyBcc closely linked with black peanut seed coat and application thereof |
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CN1251583C (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2006-04-19 | 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Seed selection method of paddy in population and variety |
CN100589695C (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2010-02-17 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Slective seeding method for super-high yield peanut |
WO2010108312A1 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-09-30 | 山东省花生研究所 | A breeding method of peanut with high content of oleic acid and high yield |
CN102792885B (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-06-25 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for breeding waterlogging tolerant dormant Spanish-type peanut varieties |
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