CN108770678B

CN108770678B - Cross breeding and breeding method of sea rice and japonica rice restorer

Info

Publication number: CN108770678B
Application number: CN201810339494.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈日胜
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-04-16
Filing date: 2018-04-16
Publication date: 2021-07-16
Anticipated expiration: 2038-04-16
Also published as: CN108770678A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for hybridizing and breeding a sea rice and japonica rice restorer, which overcomes the difficulty that the distant hybridization of the sea rice and the japonica rice is incompatible by a method for hybridizing the sea rice and the japonica rice restorer, inherits high-quality genes of the sea rice to the japonica rice, and cultivates a new variety which is suitable for being planted in the north and has saline-alkali resistance through planting and screening in saline-alkali soil.

Description

Cross breeding and breeding method of sea rice and japonica rice restorer

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cross breeding and breeding method of a sea rice and japonica rice restorer, belonging to the technical field of agricultural science.

Background

The seaweeds are annual gramineous plants and can grow in the intertidal zone at the entrance of a river. The sea rice has a series of advantages: the height can reach 1.8-2.3m, and the water can not be completely submerged when the tide rises; the root system is developed, the root depth is 30-40cm, and the root system is not easy to be washed away by water flow; the growth cycle is short; the growth is rapid, and the product can be matured in about 5 months; the soil is barren-resistant, and no chemical fertilizer is needed to be applied; less plant diseases and insect pests, safety, green and environmental protection; salt tolerance, suitable for growth in the environment with the salinity of 0.3 to 0.8 percent; alkali resistance, good growth in the alkali concentration pH value of 9.5; the waterlogging resistance can be realized, the salinity can be resisted at 0.3 percent, and the water is soaked under the water for 200 hours; natural fruit dropping is resisted, and the rice is not easy to drop off after being mature.

The rice belongs to non-halophyte, the growth of the rice in the saline-alkali soil is inhibited, the yield is greatly reduced, and the rice cannot grow normally. Japonica rice is one of two subspecies of rice, and is important Asian cultivated rice. The plant is short, the texture is hard, the leaves are short, the angle between the leaves and the stem is small, the inflorescence main shaft is long, the spikelet number is increased, the density is high, the spike is heavy, the lemma is long and dense, and the kernel is deformed into a oval and short and wide. The grain is short, generally oval, the hardness is large, it is difficult to break while processing, the whole polished rice rate is high. The amylose content is lower, the viscosity of rice is higher, and the expansibility is lower. The japonica rice cultivation area is wide, and the japonica rice is mainly produced in the yellow river basin, the north and the northeast of China; it is more than 1800 m above sea level in south and is more cold-resistant.

1 hundred million hectares of saline-alkali soil exist in China, and about 13 percent of saline-alkali soil has the condition for planting the sea rice. If the seed test and the popularization are successful, the yield of the grains can be increased by 500 hundred million kilograms according to the yield per mu of 200-300 kilograms, and about 2 hundred million people can be supported. The new variety with the high-quality characteristics of salt and alkali resistance, lodging resistance, disease and insect resistance and the like of the sea rice can be obtained by hybridizing the sea rice and the japonica rice, and the method has important strategic significance for the development of national rice green industry and the guarantee of national grain safety. However, the genetic distance between the sea rice and the japonica rice is long, the sea rice and the japonica rice are incompatible in hybridization, and the prior art can not directly perform hybridization breeding to generate high-quality sea rice series varieties suitable for being planted in the north.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for cross breeding of a sea rice and japonica rice restorer, which aims at the problem of incompatibility of the sea rice and japonica rice in hybridization and realizes the hybridization between the sea rice and the japonica rice to generate a new variety of the sea rice and japonica rice hybrid with stable characters and excellent characteristics.

The terms "generation", "material" and "seed", as used herein, have equivalent meanings and are used interchangeably unless otherwise indicated.

The term "crossing" herein refers to the mutual pollination between male and female parents of different genetic types, excluding backcrossing; the term "backcross" refers to the cross-pollination of a first generation of hybrid with either of its two parents; the term "selfing" refers to self-pollination or co-pollination of hermaphrodite flowers or mutual pollination between generations of the same parent.

The technical scheme of the invention specifically provides a cross breeding method of a sea rice and japonica rice restorer line, which comprises a conventional breeding and separating stage and is characterized by also comprising a breeding intermediate material breeding stage, wherein the breeding intermediate material breeding stage comprises the following steps:

(1) taking the sea rice as a male parent and the japonica rice recovery line as a female parent, and obtaining a breeding intermediate material breeding stage F1 generation by first filial generation;

(2) and (3) performing backcross on the female parent which is used as the female parent in the F1 generation breeding intermediate material breeding stage and the male parent in the step (1) for 1-2 generations to obtain the filial generation which is used as breeding material.

Wherein, the conventional breeding separation stage optionally comprises the following steps:

(1) taking conventional japonica rice seeds as male parents and the breeding materials as female parents, and hybridizing to obtain a conventional breeding separation stage F1 generation;

(2) taking the conventional breeding separation stage F1 generation as a male parent and the conventional japonica rice as a female parent, and hybridizing to obtain a conventional breeding separation stage F2 generation;

(3) backcrossing the female parent of the F2 generation in the conventional breeding and separating stage with the male parent of the step (2) in the conventional breeding and separating stage for 1-2 generations to obtain filial generations;

(4) and (4) carrying out continuous selfing on the filial generation in the step (3) for N generations, wherein the N generation is more than or equal to 3, and obtaining pure-breed filial generation with stable characters through planting, screening and separating in a gradient saline-alkali soil, wherein the stable characters comprise round grains and long grains.

The method for cross breeding of the restoring line of the japonica rice and the marine rice optionally comprises the step of planting, separating and breeding the breeding materials through gradient saline-alkali soil before the conventional breeding and separating stage. The salinity of the gradient saline-alkali soil is optionally set between 5 per mill and 9 per mill, and the pH is optionally set between 8 and 11. Optionally, the backcross and cross planting of the present invention is preceded by a seed time calculation to ensure that the flowering time meets. Optionally, the crossing, backcrossing and selfing can be carried out optionally in the pollination process by using or not using a mode of sleeving a separation sleeve so as to ensure the separation from other pollen.

The method for cross breeding of the sea rice and japonica rice restorer line comprises a breeding intermediate material breeding stage and a conventional breeding separation stage (figure 1).

And (3) breeding intermediate materials:

selecting japonica rice restorer line varieties suitable for northern planting as female parents and sea rice materials as male parents, and carrying out hybridization treatment. In order to facilitate the flowering phase meeting of the selected sea rice and japonica rice and improve the success rate of hybrid pollination, the sowing time of the sea rice and japonica rice is preferably calculated before planting so as to ensure that the flowering phases of the sea rice and japonica rice meet each other to the maximum extent. When flowering, selecting the sea rice material pollen as a male parent to be awarded to the japonica rice restorer line, preferably sleeving an isolation sleeve to ensure the isolation from other pollen, and cultivating and harvesting the seeds with the saline-alkali tolerance of the sea rice as breeding intermediate material F1 generation. In order to strengthen and stabilize the performance of saline-alkali tolerance of the marine rice in filial generations, a breeding intermediate material breeding stage F1 generation is selected to be sowed on the gradient saline-alkali soil and used as a female parent, and a filial generation obtained by sowing the breeding intermediate material breeding stage F1 generation on the gradient saline-alkali soil can also be selected to be used as the female parent, and the backcross operation is carried out on the filial generation to obtain a breeding intermediate material breeding stage F2 generation. The backcrossing operation can be repeated if necessary. The breeding intermediate material breeding stage F2 generation is the breeding material. If necessary, the F2 generation breeding intermediate material breeding stage can be planted in the gradient saline-alkali soil for screening so as to obtain F2 generation seeds with stronger saline-alkali tolerance, and the F2 generation seeds in the screened breeding intermediate material breeding stage are used as breeding materials for the next conventional breeding. The salinity of the gradient saline-alkali soil is preferably set between 5 per mill and 9 per mill, and 5 gradients are provided in total; the pH is set between 8 and 11. The above breeding and separation operations are preferably carried out in southern regions.

And (3) conventional breeding and separating stage:

and (3) selecting conventional japonica rice with high-quality characteristics as a male parent by taking the breeding material obtained in the first step as the female parent. In order to facilitate the selected conventional japonica rice seeds to meet the florescence of the breeding material, the sowing time of the conventional japonica rice seeds and the florescence of the breeding material is preferably calculated before planting so as to ensure that the florescence of the conventional japonica rice seeds and the florescence of the breeding material meet. When flowering, selecting conventional japonica rice seed pollen as a male parent to be awarded to a breeding material, preferably sleeving an isolation sleeve to ensure isolation from other pollen, and culturing and harvesting the seeds with saline-alkali tolerant performance characteristics of the conventional japonica rice as a conventional breeding and separating stage F1. If necessary, saline-alkali tolerance of the F1 generation in the conventional breeding and separation stage can be screened by saline-alkali soil planting. In order to strengthen and stabilize the performance characters of conventional rice of the male parent and japonica rice in later generation cultivation and separation, a conventional breeding and separation stage F1 generation is selected as the male parent, and a conventional variety of japonica rice is awarded for backcross operation to obtain a conventional breeding and separation stage F2 generation. If necessary, the conventional breeding and separation stage F2 generation can be planted in the gradient saline-alkali soil to screen plants with stronger saline-alkali tolerance, and then further operation is carried out. In order to strengthen and stabilize the character performance of conventional rice of the male parent japonica rice in the later-generation cultivation and separation again, the F2 generation in the conventional breeding and separation stage is selected as the female parent, and pollen of the male parent is given to the female parent to carry out backcross operation to obtain the F3 generation in the conventional breeding and separation stage. If necessary, the backcrossing operation can be carried out again. And (3) continuously selfing the parent material for N generations by using the conventional breeding separation stage F3 as the parent material, wherein N is preferably more than 3 until stable characters are separated, and thus breeding is completed. The screening and separation are carried out in soil with certain salinity and alkalinity, and the salinity is preferably set to be between 5 per mill and 9 per mill; the pH is set between 8 and 11. The above breeding and separating operations are preferably carried out in northern regions. The stable traits are not limited to round and long grains.

The method utilizes the filial generation of the sea rice and the japonica rice restorer line as the female parent material for breeding, combines the conventional breeding of the sea rice and the screening and separating method of the gradient saline-alkali soil, can inherit the high-quality gene of the sea rice to the japonica rice, and cultivates the new sea rice variety which is suitable for being planted in the north and has the saline-alkali tolerance. The method has simple flow and short time, can complete the breeding of breeding intermediate materials within 2 years, and can complete pure breeding within 8 years by combining conventional breeding and a gradient saline-alkali soil screening and separating method.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a breeding scheme of the present invention.

Detailed Description

To further illustrate the present invention, reference is made to the following examples:

example 1

The breeding steps are as follows:

s1: a sea rice variety 'sea rice 86' is selected as a male parent, and a japonica rice restorer line 'R1 breeding material' is selected as a female parent to be hybridized to obtain an F1 generation.

S2: sowing the F1 generation into a gradient saline-alkali experimental land (salinity is between 5 and 9 per thousand, pH is between 7 and 11, 5 gradients are totally adopted), screening saline-alkali resistant plants, and harvesting seeds of the saline-alkali resistant plants to obtain the F2 generation.

The technical problem solved by the above steps is that the excellent genes of 'sea rice 86' such as salt and alkali tolerance gene and disease and insect resistance gene are inherited to the 'R1 breeding material' of the japonica rice restorer.

S3: and (3) performing backcross operation on pollen awarded to the 'sea rice 86' by taking the F2 generation obtained by screening as a female parent, directly performing the step in a gradient saline-alkali experimental land (salinity is between 5 and 9 per thousand, pH is between 7 and 11, and 5 gradients in total), and screening seeds of a strain line with sea rice resistance to obtain an F3 generation. The method is an intermediate breeding material 'RF', and provides a female parent material for the next breeding.

The technical problem solved by the backcross is to strengthen and stabilize the character expression of the excellent genes of the 'sea rice 86' in the 'RF' intermediate breeding material.

The above is the breeding stage of the intermediate breeding material, and is to obtain the intermediate breeding material "RF" at the place of Zhanjiang in Guangdong.

S4: the northeast dragon rice material is used as a male parent, the intermediate breeding material ' RF ' is used as a female parent, and the pollen of the northeast dragon rice is conferred on the intermediate breeding material ' RF ' to obtain seeds with the northeast dragon rice performance character, which is F1 ' generation.

S5: and (3) sowing the seeds of the F1 'generation into a gradient saline-alkali experimental land (salinity is between 5 and 9 permillage, pH is between 7 and 11, and 5 gradients are used in total), and screening the seeds with the performance characters of the northeast Longdao to obtain the F2' generation.

The S4 and S5 steps enable the excellent characters of the target japonica rice variety to be inherited to the receptor parent intermediate breeding material 'RF'.

S6: taking northeast Longdao rice as a female parent, taking the F2 'generation as a male parent after screening, carrying out backcross operation, and screening to obtain the F3' generation.

Two varieties (long grains and round grains) are obtained by planting, screening and separating the F3' generation as a parent, 200 mu of rice is planted in Heilongjiang, 1500 mu of rice is planted in inner Mongolia, and the phenotypic character of the rice is stable.

TABLE 1 traits and experimental planting conditions of the new species isolated by the present invention

Traits	Planting site	Planting area (mu)	Stability of character	Salinity range	pH range
						Long grain	Heilongjiang	200	Stabilization	3‰-6‰	7-9.8
Round granule	Inner Mongolia	1,500	Stabilization	3‰-6‰	7-9.8

Example 2

The breeding steps are as follows:

s1: a sea rice variety ' sea rice 86 ' is selected as a male parent, and a japonica rice restorer line TJA ' is selected as a female parent to be hybridized to obtain a F1 generation.

The technical problem solved by the above operation steps is that the excellent genes of the 'sea rice 86' such as the salt and alkali tolerance gene and the disease and insect resistance gene are inherited to the 'japonica rice restorer TJA'.

S4: the "supplicant 88" is used as a male parent, the intermediate breeding material "RF" is used as a female parent, and the pollen of the "supplicant 88" is conferred on the intermediate breeding material "RF" to obtain seeds with the expressive character of the "supplicant 88", which is the F1' generation.

S5: and (3) sowing the F1 ' generation seeds into a gradient saline-alkali experimental land (salinity is between 5 and 9 permillage, pH is between 7 and 11, and 5 gradients are used in total), and screening seeds with the performance character of ' soliciting 88 ', so as to obtain an F2 generation.

S6: taking the solicited 88 as a female parent and the screened F2 'generation as a male parent, carrying out backcross operation, and screening to obtain the F3' generation.

Backcrossing with the F3' as parent, planting, screening and separating to obtain several new varieties. At present, 10 mu of rice is planted and separated in Heilongjiang, 50 mu of rice is planted in inner Mongolia, and the phenotypic character of the rice is gradually stabilized.

While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other modifications and variations of the present invention may be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing detailed description is for the purpose of illustrating the invention rather than the foregoing detailed description, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A cross breeding method of a sea rice and japonica rice restorer line comprises a conventional breeding separation stage and a breeding intermediate material breeding stage, wherein the breeding intermediate material breeding stage comprises the following steps:

(2) in the breeding intermediate material breeding stage, F1 generation is used as a female parent and backcrossed with the male parent in the step (1) for 1-2 generation, and the obtained filial generation is used as breeding material;

the method is characterized in that the conventional breeding and separating stage comprises the following steps:

(4) and (4) carrying out continuous selfing on the filial generation in the step (3) for N generations, and obtaining pure filial generation with stable characters through planting, screening and separating in the gradient saline-alkali soil.

2. The method for cross breeding of a restoring line of japonica rice and the japonica rice according to claim 1, wherein N is 3 or more in the N generation.

3. The method for crossbreeding of a restoring line of japonica rice and the japonica rice according to claim 1, wherein the stable trait is round grain and long grain.

4. The method for cross breeding of the restoring line of japonica rice and the marine rice according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising the step of breeding the breeding material, and/or the breeding intermediate material breeding stage F1 generation, and/or the conventional breeding and separating stage F2 generation by gradient saline-alkali soil planting and separating before the conventional breeding and separating stage.

5. The method for crossbreeding of the restoring lines of the japonica rice and the sea rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein the salinity of the gradient saline-alkali soil is set between 5 per mill and 9 per mill, and the pH is set between 8 and 11.

6. The method for crossbreeding of restoring lines of japonica rice and sea rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing time is calculated before backcrossing and crossbreeding to ensure that the florescence meet.

7. A cross breeding method of the restoring line of japonica rice and the sea rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 and 6, wherein the isolating sleeve is sleeved on the crossing, backcross or self-pollination to ensure the isolation from other pollen.

8. The method of claim 4, wherein the sleeve is used for the crossing, backcrossing or self-pollination to ensure the isolation of the restoring line from other pollen.

9. The method for cross breeding of restoring lines of japonica rice and oryza sativa according to claim 5, wherein the restoring lines are separated from other pollen by putting a separating sleeve on the restoring lines during crossing, backcrossing or self-pollination.