CN108770678A - A kind of crossbreeding selection of sea rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice - Google Patents
A kind of crossbreeding selection of sea rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN108770678A CN108770678A CN201810339494.4A CN201810339494A CN108770678A CN 108770678 A CN108770678 A CN 108770678A CN 201810339494 A CN201810339494 A CN 201810339494A CN 108770678 A CN108770678 A CN 108770678A
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- rice
- breeding
- selection
- restoring line
- japonica
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cross breeding methods of extra large rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice, the method hybridized with Restoring Line of Japonica Rice by extra large rice, overcome extra large rice and the incompatible difficult point of japonica rice distant hybridization, extra large rice Fineness gene is genetic on japonica rice, it plants and screens by salt-soda soil, cultivate at suitable north and with the new varieties of salt tolerant alkali ability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crossbreeding selections of extra large rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice, belong to agricultural cience and farming techniques neck
Domain.
Background technology
Extra large rice is annual gramineae plant, can be grown in intertidal zone region at the mouth of the river.Extra large rice has a system
Row advantage：Height is high, can highly reach 1.8-2.3m, will not generally also be flooded completely at the incoming tide；Well developed root system, root depth 30-
40cm is not easy to be washed away by flow；Growth cycle is short；Growth is rapid, 5 months or so can be ripe；Impoverishment tolerant is not necessarily to applicationization
Fertilizer；Few pest and disease damage, safe green environmental protection；Salt tolerant, suitable for being grown in the environment that salinity is 0.3% to 0.8%；It is alkaline-resisting, alkali dense
Spend well-grown in pH value 9.5；It is waterlogging, it is resistant in 0.3% salinity, the bottom is lower to impregnate 200 hours；It is anti-nature shedding, paddy at
It is not easy to fall off after ripe.
Rice belongs to non-halophytic seeds, in salt affected soil the growth of rice be suppressed yield and significantly decline, can not
Normal growth.Japonica rice is one of two subspecies of rice, is important Asian Cultivated Rice.Plant is shorter, and quality is harder, blade compared with
Short, angle is smaller between stem, and inflorescence main shaft is longer, and spikelet number increases, intensive, and fringe weight, bran hair is longer and close, particle shape become oval and
Shorter width.Seed is shorter, and general oval, hardness is larger, and when processing is non-breakable, and head rice rate is high.Amylose content
Relatively low, rice matter stickiness is larger, and swollen property is smaller.Japonica rice cultivated area is vast, main product China Yellow River basin, the north and northeast；?
It is southern then be distributed in 1800 meters of height above sea level or more, it is more resistance to cold shut.
There are 100,000,000 hectares of salt-soda soils in China, wherein about 13% has extra large rice planting conditions.If planting experimentally, promoting successfully, according to mu
200~300 kilograms of calculating of yield, can produce more food 50,000,000,000 kilograms, can support about 200,000,000 people.Extra large rice is carried out with japonica rice to hybridize training
The new varieties of the high-quality characters such as saline-alkali tolerant, the resistant to lodging, disease and insect resistance with extra large rice can be obtained by educating new varieties, for state's rice
The development of pollution-free industry and guarantee national food security have important strategic importance.But extra large rice and japonica rice genetic distance are remote, and two
Person's hybridization is not affine, and the prior art is unable to direct cross breeding and generates the high-quality extra large rice series of products for being suitble to north.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of methods of extra large rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice crossbreeding, hybridize with japonica rice for extra large rice not close
And the problem of, realize that the hybridization between extra large rice and japonica rice generates the new of extra large rice and japonica rice hybridization of the character stabilization with good characteristic
Kind.
Terms used herein " generation ", " material " and " seed ", it is interchangeable to make as not having it is further noted that with equivalents
With.
Term " hybridization " herein refers to the mutual pollination between the different male parent of hereditary form and female parent, wherein not including
Backcrossing；Term " backcrossing " refers to any one of hybrid first filial generation and its two parents and is mutually pollinated；Term " selfing "
Refer to the mutual pollination between self-pollination or the same generation filial generation of unisexual geitonogamy or identical parent.
Technical scheme of the present invention specifically provides a kind of cross breeding method of extra large rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice, including routine
Selection and breeding separation phase, which is characterized in that further include the breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage, the breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage packet
Containing following steps：
(1) using extra large rice as male parent, Restoring Line of Japonica Rice is female parent, and first-filial generation obtains breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage F1
Generation；
(2) breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage F1 generation carries out backcrossing 1-2 generations as female parent with the male parent of above-mentioned steps (1),
Obtained filial generation is as selection and breeding material.
Wherein, the conventional herd breeding separation phase is optional comprises the steps of：
(1) using japonica rice routine seed rice as male parent, the selection and breeding material is female parent, and hybridization obtains conventional herd breeding separation phase F1
Generation；
(2) using conventional herd breeding separation phase F1 generation as male parent, japonica rice routine seed rice is female parent, and hybridization obtains conventional herd breeding point
From generation in stage F2；
(3) it is returned with the male parent of conventional herd breeding separation phase step (2) on behalf of female parent with conventional herd breeding separation phase F2
1-2 generations are handed over to obtain filial generation；
(4) filial generation described in step (3) is carried out continuous selfing N generations, the N generations are more than or equal to 3, pass through gradient salt-soda soil
The isolated purebred offspring with stable character is screened in plantation, and the stable character includes round shaped grain and long grain.
Can also optionally include in the cross breeding method of extra large rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice the conventional herd breeding separation phase it
Preceding the step of isolation and selection is planted by gradient salt-soda soil to the selection and breeding material.Gradient salt-soda soil salinity is optionally arranged
Between 5 ‰ -9 ‰, pH be arranged between 8-11.Optionally, calculating is also needed to broadcast before the backcrossing of the invention and hybrid plant
The kind time is to ensure flower synchronization.Optionally, above-mentioned hybridization, backcrossing, selfing can optionally select to use or not in pollination
It uses in a manner of putting on separation sleeve to ensure to be isolated with other pollen.
The method of sea rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice crossbreeding provided by the invention include the breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage and
Conventional herd breeding separation phase (Fig. 1).
The breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage：
It chooses and is suitble to the Restoring Line of Japonica Rice kind of north that female parent, extra large rice material is used as to be carried out at hybridization as male parent
Reason.For ease of the flower synchronization of selected extra large rice and japonica rice, hybridization pollination success rate is improved, preferably calculates broadcasting for the two before planting
The kind time is to ensure that the two florescence utmostly meets.Until when blooming, picking sea rice material pollen authorizes round-grained rice as male parent
In rice restorer, preferably to put in a manner of separation sleeve to ensure to be isolated with other pollen, cultivating harvest has extra large rice saline-alkali tolerant energy
The seed of power character is as breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage F1 generation.In order to reinforce and stablize extra large rice salt tolerant alkali ability after hybridization
Performance in generation is chosen breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage F1 generation and is seeded on gradient salt-soda soil and as female parent, can also choose
Breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage F1 generation is seeded in the filial generation obtained on gradient salt-soda soil as female parent, and extra large rice pollen is authorized to it
It carries out backcrossing operation and obtains F2 generations in breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage.It may be repeated backcrossing operation when necessary.Breeding intermediate wood
Expect that generation in selection and breeding stage F2 is selection and breeding material.In generation in breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage F2, can also be planted in gradient salt when necessary
It is screened in alkali ground to harvest the stronger breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage F2 of salt tolerant alkali ability for seed, the breeding after screening
Selection and breeding materials of the intermediate materials selection and breeding stage F2 for seed as next step conventional breeding.Gradient salt-soda soil salinity is preferably provided at
Between 5 ‰ -9 ‰, totally 5 gradients；PH is arranged between 8-11.The above selection and breeding lock out operation is preferably carried out in southern area.
Conventional herd breeding separation phase：
Using the selection and breeding material that the first step obtains as female parent, the japonica rice conventional Rice with high-quality character is chosen as male parent.
For ease of the flower synchronization of selected japonica rice routine seed rice and selection and breeding material, the sowing time of the two is preferably calculated before planting to protect
The flower synchronization of both cards.Until when blooming, picking japonica rice routine seed rice pollen is authorized as male parent in selection and breeding material, is preferably covered
Upper separation sleeve mode cultivates japonica rice conventional Rice phene of the harvest with salt tolerant alkali ability to ensure to be isolated with other pollen
Seed is as conventional herd breeding separation phase F1 generation.It can also be planted when necessary to conventional herd breeding separation phase F1 generation by salt-soda soil
Saline alkali tolerance screened.The phene that separation is cultivated to reinforce and stablize male parent japonica rice conventional Rice in offspring, chooses
Conventional herd breeding separation phase F1 generation authorizes japonica rice conventional variety and carries out backcrossing operation and obtain conventional herd breeding separation phase as male parent
F2 generations.In conventional herd breeding separation phase F2 generation, can also be planted in gradient salt-soda soil when necessary to screen salt tolerant alkali ability compared with
Strong plant carries out further operating again.The character of separation is cultivated to reinforce and stablize male parent japonica rice conventional Rice again in offspring
Performance chooses conventional herd breeding separation phase F2 generation as maternal, authorizes its paternal pollen and carries out backcrossing operation and obtains conventional herd breeding
Separation phase F3 generations.It can carry out once being returned operation again when necessary.Connected on behalf of Parent material with conventional herd breeding separation phase F3
In continuous selfing N generations, N is preferably greater than 3, until isolating stable character, completes selection and breeding.The above screening separation is all with one
Determine to carry out in the soil of saline and alkaline, salinity is preferably provided between 5 ‰ -9 ‰；PH is arranged between 8-11.The above selection and breeding separation
Operation is preferably carried out in northern area.The stable character has and is not limited to round shaped grain and long grain.
The method is using the selection cross offspring of extra large rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice as the female parent material of breeding, in conjunction with extra large rice
Extra large rice Fineness gene can be genetic on japonica rice by conventional breeding and gradient salt-soda soil method for screening and separating, be cultivated into the suitable north
Plantation and the extra large rice new varieties with salt tolerant alkali ability.Method flow is simple, and the time is short, can be completed among breeding in 2 years
The selection and breeding of material, in conjunction with conventional breeding and gradient salt-soda soil method for screening and separating, entire breeding procedures can be completed pure in 8 years
Kind selection and breeding.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the breeding procedures figure of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
To further illustrate the present invention, illustrate with the following Examples：
Embodiment 1
Breeding step is as follows：
S1：Select extra large rice varieties " extra large rice 86 " as male parent, Restoring Line of Japonica Rice " R1 breeding materials " obtains for hybridization of female parent
F1 generation.
S2：F1 generation is seeded into the saline and alkaline sample plot of gradient to (for salinity between 5 ‰ -9 ‰, pH is between 7-11, totally 5
Gradient), the screening wherein plant with saline and alkaline resistance harvests the seed with saline and alkaline resistant plant and obtains F2 generations.
The technical issues of above operating procedure solves is by excellent genes such as saline-resisting and alkaline-resisting gene, the Resistants of " extra large rice 86 "
It is genetic on Restoring Line of Japonica Rice " R1 breeding materials ".
S3：In the F2 generations that screening is obtained, the pollen for authorizing " extra large rice 86 " carried out backcrossing operation, this step is direct as female parent
(salinity between 5 ‰ -9 ‰, pH is between 7-11, totally 5 gradients) is carried out in the saline and alkaline sample plot of gradient, and screening has extra large rice
The strain seed of resistance, obtains F3 generations.This is Bridge materials " RF ", and female parent material is provided for next step breeding.
The technical issues of backcrossing solves is to reinforce and stablize the excellent genes of " extra large rice 86 " in Bridge materials
Trait expression inside " RF ".
It is the breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage above, is Bridge materials " RF " in order to obtain, breeding place is in Guangdong
Zhanjiang.
S4：Using northeast dragon rice material as male parent, the Bridge materials " RF " are female parent, and the pollen of northeast dragon rice is awarded
It gives on Bridge materials " RF ", obtains the seed with northeast dragon rice phene, be F1 ' generations.
S5：The F1 ' is seeded into the saline and alkaline sample plot of gradient for seed (salinity between 5 ‰ -9 ‰, pH 7-11 it
Between, totally 5 gradients), the seed with northeast dragon rice phene is screened, F2 ' generations are obtained.
The merit of purpose japonica rice variety is genetic on receptor parent Bridge materials " RF " by S4 and S5 steps.
S6：It is female parent with northeast dragon rice material, F2 ' carries out backcrossing operation on behalf of male parent after screening, and screening obtains F3 ' generations.
Plantation is carried out on behalf of parent with F3 ' and screen isolated two kinds (long grain and round shaped grain), at present in Heilungkiang
200 mu of plantation, 1500 mu of the Inner Mongol, rice phenotypic character has been stablized.
1 present invention of table screens isolated new varieties character and experimental planting situation
| Character | Planting site | Cultivated area (mu) | Property stability | Salinity range | PH ranges |
| Long grain | Heilungkiang | 200 | Stablize | 3‰-6‰ | 7-9.8 |
| Round shaped grain | The Inner Mongol | 1,500 | Stablize | 3‰-6‰ | 7-9.8 |
Embodiment 2
Breeding step is as follows：
S1：Select extra large rice varieties " extra large rice 86 " as male parent, " Restoring Line of Japonica Rice TJA " is that hybridization of female parent obtains F1 generation.
S2：F1 generation is seeded into the saline and alkaline sample plot of gradient to (for salinity between 5 ‰ -9 ‰, pH is between 7-11, totally 5
Gradient), the screening wherein plant with saline and alkaline resistance harvests the seed with saline and alkaline resistant plant and obtains F2 generations.
The technical issues of above operating procedure solves is by excellent genes such as saline-resisting and alkaline-resisting gene, the Resistants of " extra large rice 86 "
It is genetic on " Restoring Line of Japonica Rice TJA ".
S3：In the F2 generations that screening is obtained, the pollen for authorizing " extra large rice 86 " carried out backcrossing operation, this step is direct as female parent
(salinity between 5 ‰ -9 ‰, pH is between 7-11, totally 5 gradients) is carried out in the saline and alkaline sample plot of gradient, and screening has extra large rice
The strain seed of resistance, obtains F3 generations.This is Bridge materials " RF ", and female parent material is provided for next step breeding.
The technical issues of backcrossing solves is to reinforce and stablize the excellent genes of " extra large rice 86 " in Bridge materials
Trait expression inside " RF ".
It is the breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage above, is Bridge materials " RF " in order to obtain, breeding place is in Guangdong
Zhanjiang.
S4：With " earnestly educating 88 " for male parent, the Bridge materials " RF " are female parent, during the pollen of " earnestly educating 88 " is authorized
Between on breeding material " RF ", there is the seed of " earnestly educating 88 " phene, be F1 ' generations.
S5：The F1 ' is seeded into the saline and alkaline sample plot of gradient for seed (salinity between 5 ‰ -9 ‰, pH 7-11 it
Between, totally 5 gradients), the seed with " earnestly educating 88 " phene is screened, F2 generations are obtained.
The merit of purpose japonica rice variety is genetic on receptor parent Bridge materials " RF " by S4 and S5 steps.
S6：It is female parent with " earnestly educating 88 ", F2 ' carries out backcrossing operation on behalf of male parent after screening, and screening obtains F3 ' generations.
It is returned on behalf of parent with F3 ' and carries out plantation and screen isolated multiple new varieties.It is planted in Heilungkiang at present
10 mu of separation, 50 mu of the Inner Mongol, rice phenotypic character is gradually stablized.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, under the above-mentioned introduction of the present invention, those skilled in the art
Other improvement or deformation can be carried out on the basis of the above embodiments.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that above-mentioned tool
Body description only preferably explains that the purpose of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention are subject to the protection scope in claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cross breeding method of sea rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice, including conventional herd breeding separation phase, which is characterized in that also wrap
The breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage is included, the breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage comprises the steps of：
(1) using extra large rice as male parent, Restoring Line of Japonica Rice is female parent, and first-filial generation obtains breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage F1 generation；
(2) breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage F1 generation carries out backcrossing 1-2 generations with the male parent of above-mentioned steps (1), obtains as female parent
Filial generation as selection and breeding material.
2. the cross breeding method of sea rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the conventional herd breeding
Separation phase comprises the steps of：
(1) using japonica rice routine seed rice as male parent, the selection and breeding material is female parent, and hybridization obtains conventional herd breeding separation phase F1 generation；
(2) using conventional herd breeding separation phase F1 generation as male parent, japonica rice routine seed rice is female parent, and hybridization obtains conventional herd breeding separation rank
Section F2 generations；
(3) with conventional herd breeding separation phase F2 on behalf of female parent, backcrossing 1- is carried out with the male parent of conventional herd breeding separation phase step (2)
In 2 generations, obtained filial generation；
(4) filial generation described in step (3) is subjected to continuous selfing N generations, had by the way that the plantation screening of gradient salt-soda soil is isolated
The purebred offspring of stable character.
3. the cross breeding method of sea rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the N generations, N are big
In equal to 3.
4. the cross breeding method of sea rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the stable character
For round shaped grain and long grain.
5. the cross breeding method of the extra large rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice as described in any one of claim 1-4, which is characterized in that also
It is included in before the conventional herd breeding separation phase to the selection and breeding material, and/or to breeding intermediate materials selection and breeding stage F1 generation,
And/or the step of isolation and selection is planted by gradient salt-soda soil to conventional herd breeding separation phase F2 generations.
6. the cross breeding method of sea rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the gradient is saline and alkaline
Ground salinity is arranged between 5 ‰ -9 ‰, pH is arranged between 8-11.
7. the cross breeding method of sea rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that backcrossing and cenospecies
The sowing time is calculated before planting to ensure flower synchronization.
8. the cross breeding method of the extra large rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice as described in any one of claim 1-4 and 7, feature exist
In, hybridization, backcrossing or when pollination self to put in a manner of separation sleeve to ensure to be isolated with other pollen.
9. the cross breeding method of as claimed in claim 5 sea rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice, which is characterized in that hybridization, backcrossing or
To put in a manner of separation sleeve to ensure to be isolated with other pollen when pollination self.
10. the cross breeding method of as claimed in claim 6 sea rice and Restoring Line of Japonica Rice, which is characterized in that hybridization, backcrossing or
To put in a manner of separation sleeve to ensure to be isolated with other pollen when pollination self.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110249942A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-09-20 | 海南广陵高科实业有限公司 | A kind of hybrid rice breeding method |
| CN116326477A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-06-27 | 许可 | Method for breeding salt-tolerant hybrid japonica rice |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116326477A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-06-27 | 许可 | Method for breeding salt-tolerant hybrid japonica rice |
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