CN105265306B - A kind of tara vine pollinating method - Google Patents
A kind of tara vine pollinating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105265306B CN105265306B CN201510709961.4A CN201510709961A CN105265306B CN 105265306 B CN105265306 B CN 105265306B CN 201510709961 A CN201510709961 A CN 201510709961A CN 105265306 B CN105265306 B CN 105265306B
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- tara vine
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- staminiferous plant
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Kiwi berry pollinating method, particularly a kind of tara vine pollinating method；Tara vine staminiferous plant is cultivated into moveable column staminiferous plant by the present invention；Pollination period, moves into tara vine production garden by tara vine staminiferous plant, is placed on the space between tara vine female plant, while being put into bumblebee, start pollination.Beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention can voluntarily adjust the quantity of tara vine staminiferous plant, it is ensured that filling for male flower pollen, improve pollination rate；Bumblebee is better than traditional honeybee pollination effect, because tara vine does not have nectar, only pollen in spending, honeybee likes nectar, does not like pollen, and bumblebee likes pollen, so as to improve pollination rate；It will not mix tara vine staminiferous plant in the tara vine female plant of the present invention, be easy to management, and the cultivation of tara vine staminiferous plant is not planted in production garden, improves the per mu yield of tara vine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Kiwi berry pollinating method, particularly a kind of tara vine pollinating method.
Background technology
Tara vine（Actinidia arguta Sieb.et Zucc）Also known as bower actinidia fruit, bower actinidia root or leaf, rattan melon and rattan
Jujube, is Actinidiaceae (Actinidiaceae) Actinidia (Actinidia) perennial defoliation liana, be distributed in northeast,
North China, Shandong, northwest and the Yangtze river basin, wherein THE SOUTH OF NORTHEAST CHINA mountain area are more common.Edible fruit is used, succulence, sour and sweet palatability, local flavor
It is unique.Nutritive value is very high, containing a variety of battalion such as vitamin C, B family vitamin, amino acid, carotenoid, polysaccharide, flavones
Form point.Flavone compound is to be distributed very wide and important Polyphenols natural products in a class plant, with extensive medicine
Reason activity, such as antioxidation, antibiosis and antiviral functions, antiinflammation, raising immunity of organisms, antitumor, hypotensive, drop blood
Fat, the preventing and treating physiological function such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and liver protecting.Tara vine is domestication's cultivation in 1901 to 2000
Train one of most successful wild fruit tree kind.Fruit type " mini " is compact, and fruit surface smooth is hairless, and seed is small, be especially suitable for eating raw and
It is processed into whole fruit can, preserved fruit etc..
The yield of tara vine and pollination rate are closely related, under normal circumstances, and Kiwi berry pollination technique has spontaneous pollination
And artificial pollination.
Spontaneous pollination：Kiwi berry natural pollination reaches pollination purpose, but production with this mainly by wind-force and insect pollination
Upper to use less, because there is many uncontrollable factors under natural conditions, Pollination Effect is poor, unstable, and it cannot be guaranteed that the flower of male flower
Powder amount and the quantity of insect, can not freely control insect or wind to be used to pollinate.
Artificial pollination：Artificial pollination is stable compared with spontaneous pollination, and effect is preferable；, will be preprepared when female flower is opened
Male flower pollen is smeared or touched on the column cap of female flower；But the shortcoming of artificial pollination is it is also obvious that it must spend largely
It is artificial carry out artificial pollination with the time, while the peopleware for implementing artificial pollination differs, it is possible to can omit pollination or
Person is not pollinate diligently and cause pollination failures.
Therefore, how to improve pollination rate in the case where saving manually is urgent problem to be solved.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of tara vine pollinating method, its guarantee male flower quantity, relation control insect numbers, so that
Pollination purpose is reached, manpower is not only saved, Pollination Effect is also ensure that.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of tara vine pollinating method, it is characterised in that this method includes：
（1）In late Febuary to early March, by tara vine staminiferous plant kind in removable container, and ensure loosing soil
Fertile, aeration is good, and water holding capacity is strong, irrigates once within average 7 days, to ensure soil moisture；Respectively by the end of April, by the end of May, June
Bottom application composite fertilizer, dose is 50~100g；Tara vine starts pumping trunk in June ~ July, and trunk grows to 2.5~3m
When pluck top, treat to bear first order branch on trunk, after first order bar length to 5~10 leaves, to first order branch carry out pluck top,
Treat that first order branch is born after second level branch, second level branch length to 5~10 leaves, second level branch carried out to pluck top,
By that analogy, that is, can guarantee that tara vine moulding is in " column "；
（2）Late April next year, tara vine staminiferous plant is moved into tara vine production garden, date-plum persimmon macaque is placed on
Vacant lot between peach female plant, tara vine staminiferous plant and tara vine female plant ratio are 1：3~1：8；
（3）Tara vine staminiferous plant move into tara vine production garden while, will be equipped with bumblebee beehive be put into it is soft
Jujube Kiwi berry produces garden, and beehive set up with shelf, beehive 1.0~1.5m from the ground；Every 5 mu of tara vine grown places
Place 1~2 case bumblebee；
（4）Mid-May, the tara vine female plant florescence terminates and beared fruit, and tara vine staminiferous plant and beehive is removed soft
Jujube Kiwi berry produces garden.
It is preferred that, described step（3）In beehive top be provided with shade disk.
It is preferred that, described step（3）In the bumblebee exit of beehive be placed with the pollen of tara vine staminiferous plant.
It is preferred that, the volume of described removable container is 60~150 liters, and the height of the container is 20~60cm.
It is preferred that, the composition and quality proportioning of described composite fertilizer include：12~15 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 9~12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer
9~12 parts.
In summary, by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, tara vine staminiferous plant of the present invention is planted in container, and its moulding is in " column ", can save space, can be certainly
By moving, traditional staminiferous plant Planting pattern takes up space very big and immovable；Traditional its unit plane of staminiferous plant Planting pattern
The staminiferous plant of plantation is fewer than the staminiferous plant of portable Planting pattern in product, and male flower quantity is also fewer than portable male flower quantity, so as to ensure
Male flower pollen it is full, improve pollination rate.
2nd, the unified plantation of tara vine staminiferous plant of the present invention will not mix staminiferous plant in a region, female plant, it is to avoid because
The problem of male and female plant mixes plantation and can not differentiate female plant and staminiferous plant, it is easy to management；In production process, plantation Kiwi berry staminiferous plant is
Since it is desired that using male flower pollen, therefore to ensure male flower quantity, although traditional method for planting ensure that the quantity of male flower, but
It is relatively complicated in management, requires strict especially in trimming, and portable column staminiferous plant only needs to be repaiied
Being cut into column just can be with, and need not other trimmings, method is simply easily mastered.
3rd, the present invention effectively improves economic benefit, and portable staminiferous plant is not planted in garden, will not occupy the plantation of female plant
Place, improves the per mu yield of tara vine, effectively improves economic benefit.
4th, the moveable staminiferous plant of the present invention forms one of unique scenery line, and packaged type staminiferous plant is all in the form of a column moulding,
And it is thick with leaves, again without both sides of the road are placed it in when blooming when either blooming, shade tree landscape is formed, without carving
The plantation flowers and plants of meaning just can form a kind of unique scenery, kill two birds with one stone, save resource.
5th, the portable staminiferous plant of the present invention and bumblebee pollination coordinate, it is ensured that tara vine Pollination Effect is better than artificial pollination,
Tara vine only has pollen, without nectar, and bumblebee likes pollen, thus bumblebee Pollination Effect than traditional honeybee pollination effect
More preferably.Meanwhile, male flower quantity is added, that is, adds pollen amount, it is ensured that the pollen demand of pollination, bumblebee can carry out feedback
Powder；The present invention is to use insect pollination, reduces human cost, moreover it is possible to avoid the various drawbacks caused by quality of workers is different, such as
Pollination is omitted, not attentively, position etc. is forgotten.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of tara vine pollinating method,, can by tara vine staminiferous plant kind in removable container in late Febuary
The volume of mobile container is 60 liters, and the height of the container is 20cm, and ensures that loosing soil is fertile, and aeration is good, water conservation energy
Power is strong, irrigates once within every 5 days, to ensure soil moisture；Respectively by the end of April, by the end of May, apply composite fertilizer by the end of June, dose is
50g, the composition and quality proportioning of composite fertilizer include：12~15 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 9~12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 9~12 parts of potash fertilizer；Date-plum persimmon macaque
Peach starts pumping trunk in June~July, and top is plucked when trunk grows to 2.5m, and after after trunk lignifying, the first order is born on trunk
After branch, first order branch length to 5 leaves, first order branch is carried out to bear second after plucking top, first order branch lignifying
Level branch, after after second level branch length to 5 leaves, carrying out plucking top to second level branch, by that analogy, that is, can guarantee that date-plum persimmon Mi
The moulding of monkey peach is in " column ", and the male flower quantity of the tara vine staminiferous plant by trimming meticulously is also soft more than what conventional method was cultivated
Jujube Kiwi berry staminiferous plant, so as to add the pollination rate of tara vine.The tara vine florescence it is general at four months bottoms to early May,
And tara vine staminiferous plant flowering time often 2~3 days more early than tara vine female plant flowering time；Late April next year, will be firm
The tara vine staminiferous plant bloomed is moved into tara vine production garden, is placed on the vacant lot between tara vine female plant,
Male female plant ratio is 1：3.While tara vine staminiferous plant moves into tara vine production garden, the beehive that will be equipped with bumblebee is put
Enter tara vine production garden, beehive set up with shelf, beehive 1.0m from the ground；Put every 5 mu of tara vine grown places
Put 1 case bumblebee；The bumblebee is commercially available bumblebee, and beehive top sets shade disk, and shade disk can not be directly born against on beehive, shade disk
Setting reduce the death rate of bumblebee, pollination rate is ensure that to a certain extent.Bumblebee is better than traditional honeybee pollination effect, because
Tara vine does not have nectar, only pollen in spending, honeybee likes nectar, does not like pollen, and bumblebee likes pollen.Opened Deng female plant
When beginning blooms, staminiferous plant is basically full-bloom stage, and at this moment bumblebee can just start pollination.Mid-May, tara vine female plant
Florescence terminates and beared fruit, and tara vine staminiferous plant and beehive are removed into tara vine production garden, the tara vine of removal
Staminiferous plant is placed on both sides of the road, forms shade tree landscape, beautifies the environment.
Embodiment 2
A kind of tara vine pollinating method,, can by tara vine staminiferous plant kind in removable container in early March
The volume of mobile container is 150 liters, and the height of the container is 60cm, and ensures that loosing soil is fertile, and aeration is good, water conservation energy
Power is strong, irrigates once within every 7 days, to ensure soil moisture；Respectively by the end of April, by the end of May, apply composite fertilizer by the end of June, dose is
100g, the composition and quality proportioning of composite fertilizer include：12~15 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 9~12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 9~12 parts of potash fertilizer；Date-plum persimmon macaque
Peach starts pumping trunk in June~July, and top is plucked when trunk grows to 3m, after born after trunk lignifying, on trunk the first order branch
After bar, first order branch length to 10 leaves, first order branch is carried out to bear the second level after plucking top, first order branch lignifying
Branch, after after second level branch length to 10 leaves, carrying out plucking top to second level branch, by that analogy, that is, can guarantee that date-plum persimmon Mi
The moulding of monkey peach is in " column ", and the male flower quantity of the tara vine staminiferous plant by trimming meticulously is also soft more than what conventional method was cultivated
Jujube Kiwi berry staminiferous plant, so as to add the pollination rate of tara vine.The tara vine florescence it is general at four months bottoms to early May,
And tara vine staminiferous plant flowering time often 2~3 days more early than tara vine female plant flowering time；Late April next year, will be firm
The tara vine staminiferous plant bloomed is moved into tara vine production garden, is placed on the vacant lot between tara vine female plant,
Male female plant ratio is 1：8.While tara vine staminiferous plant moves into tara vine production garden, the beehive that will be equipped with bumblebee is put
Enter tara vine production garden, beehive set up with shelf, beehive 1.5m from the ground；Put every 5 mu of tara vine grown places
Put 2 casees bumblebees；The bumblebee is commercially available bumblebee, and beehive top sets shade disk, and shade disk can not be directly born against on beehive, shade disk
Setting reduce the death rate of bumblebee, pollination rate is ensure that to a certain extent.Bumblebee is better than traditional honeybee pollination effect, because
Tara vine does not have nectar, only pollen in spending, honeybee likes nectar, does not like pollen, and bumblebee likes pollen.Opened Deng female plant
When beginning blooms, staminiferous plant is basically full-bloom stage, and at this moment bumblebee can just start pollination.Mid-May, tara vine female plant
Florescence terminates and beared fruit, and tara vine staminiferous plant and beehive are removed into tara vine production garden, the tara vine of removal
Staminiferous plant is placed on both sides of the road, forms shade tree landscape, beautifies the environment.
Embodiment 3
A kind of tara vine pollinating method,, can by tara vine staminiferous plant kind in removable container in early March
The volume of mobile container is 100 liters, and the height of the container is 35cm, and ensures that loosing soil is fertile, and aeration is good, water conservation energy
Power is strong, irrigates once within every 6 days, to ensure soil moisture；Respectively by the end of April, by the end of May, apply composite fertilizer by the end of June, dose is
75g, the composition and quality proportioning of composite fertilizer include：12~15 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 9~12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 9~12 parts of potash fertilizer；Date-plum persimmon macaque
Peach starts pumping trunk in June~July, and top is plucked when trunk grows to 2.7m, and after after trunk lignifying, the first order is born on trunk
After branch, first order branch length to 7 leaves, first order branch is carried out to bear second after plucking top, first order branch lignifying
Level branch, after after second level branch length to 7 leaves, carrying out plucking top to second level branch, by that analogy, that is, can guarantee that date-plum persimmon Mi
The moulding of monkey peach is in " column ", and the male flower quantity of the tara vine staminiferous plant by trimming meticulously is also soft more than what conventional method was cultivated
Jujube Kiwi berry staminiferous plant, so as to add the pollination rate of tara vine.The tara vine florescence it is general at four months bottoms to early May,
And tara vine staminiferous plant flowering time often 2~3 days more early than tara vine female plant flowering time；Late April next year, will be firm
The tara vine staminiferous plant bloomed is moved into tara vine production garden, is placed on the vacant lot between tara vine female plant, male
Female plant ratio is 1：5.While tara vine staminiferous plant moves into tara vine production garden, the beehive that will be equipped with bumblebee is put into
Tara vine produces garden, and beehive set up with shelf, beehive 1.2m from the ground；Place every 5 mu of tara vine grown places
1.5 casees bumblebees；The bumblebee is commercially available bumblebee, and beehive top sets shade disk, and shade disk can not be directly born against on beehive, shade disk
Setting reduce the death rate of bumblebee, pollination rate is ensure that to a certain extent.Bumblebee is better than traditional honeybee pollination effect, because
Tara vine does not have nectar, only pollen in spending, honeybee likes nectar, does not like pollen, and bumblebee likes pollen.Opened Deng female plant
When beginning blooms, staminiferous plant is basically full-bloom stage, and at this moment bumblebee can just start pollination.Mid-May, tara vine female plant
Florescence terminates and beared fruit, and tara vine staminiferous plant and beehive are removed into tara vine production garden, the tara vine of removal
Staminiferous plant is placed on both sides of the road, forms shade tree landscape, beautifies the environment.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is further on the basis of embodiment 1~3 any one embodiment to be improved, and this implementation is by date-plum persimmon
Kiwi berry staminiferous plant pollen is applied to the exit of beehive, with regard to that can be stained with male flower pollen when bumblebee flies out, as long as bumblebee flies to female flower
On can pollinate, can so further increase pollination rate, the source of the pollen of general male flower has market to buy or voluntarily make
Standby two kinds, but voluntarily prepare pollen and not only bother waste of manpower, and need to use substantial amounts of tara vine staminiferous plant and increase
Cost, so the present embodiment uses tara vine staminiferous plant pollen purchased in market.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of tara vine pollinating method, it is characterised in that this method includes：
（1）In late Febuary to early March, by tara vine staminiferous plant kind in removable container, and ensure loosing soil fertilizer
Fertile, aeration is good, and water holding capacity is strong, irrigates once within every 5~7 days, to ensure soil moisture；Respectively by the end of April, by the end of May, June
Bottom application composite fertilizer, dose is 50~100g；Tara vine starts pumping trunk in June ~ July, treat trunk grow to 2.5~
Top is plucked during 3m, after bearing first order branch on trunk and after first order branch length to 5~10 leaves, first order branch is carried out
Top is plucked, second level branch is born and after second level branch length to 5~10 leaves after first order branch, second level branch is carried out
Top is plucked, by that analogy, is in the form of a column tara vine staminiferous plant moulding；
（2）Late April next year, tara vine staminiferous plant is moved into tara vine production garden, tara vine is placed on female
Vacant lot between strain, tara vine staminiferous plant and tara vine female plant ratio are 1：3~1：8；
（3）While tara vine staminiferous plant moves into tara vine production garden, the beehive that will be equipped with bumblebee is put into date-plum persimmon Mi
Monkey peach produces garden, and beehive is placed on hive frame, beehive 1.0~1.5m from the ground；Place every 5 mu of tara vine grown places
1~2 case bumblebee；
（4）Mid-May, the tara vine female plant florescence terminates and beared fruit, and tara vine staminiferous plant and beehive are removed into date-plum persimmon Mi
Monkey peach produces garden.
2. a kind of tara vine pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step（3）In
Beehive top is provided with shade disk.
3. a kind of tara vine pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step（3）In
The bumblebee exit of beehive is placed with the pollen of tara vine staminiferous plant.
4. a kind of tara vine pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described removable container
Volume is 60~150 liters, and the height of the removable container is 20~60cm.
5. a kind of tara vine pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the composition of described composite fertilizer
Include with quality proportioning：12~15 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 9~12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 9~12 parts of potash fertilizer.
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| CN106134903B (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2019-08-13 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | One plant field planting method, male and female plant system and corresponding management method |
| CN107787744A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-13 | 沈阳千叶农业科技有限公司 | Tara vine field is planned and building techniques |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102177847A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2011-09-14 | 沈阳农业大学 | Factory seedling cultivating method of actinidia arguta |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102177847A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2011-09-14 | 沈阳农业大学 | Factory seedling cultivating method of actinidia arguta |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 猕猴桃辅助授粉技术;何丽丽;《林果花草》;20120531;第22页 * |
| 陕西眉县徐香猕猴桃标准化生产技术;赵英杰等;《栽培技术》;20131231(第1期);第8-11页，尤其是第4.2节 * |
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