CN105265306A - Pollination method for actinidia arguta - Google Patents
Pollination method for actinidia arguta Download PDFInfo
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- CN105265306A CN105265306A CN201510709961.4A CN201510709961A CN105265306A CN 105265306 A CN105265306 A CN 105265306A CN 201510709961 A CN201510709961 A CN 201510709961A CN 105265306 A CN105265306 A CN 105265306A
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- tara vine
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- tara
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- beehive
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pollination method for actinidia, in particular to a pollination method for actinidia arguta. The pollination method for the actinidia arguta comprises the following steps: culturing male actinidia arguta plants into removable columnar male strains; during a pollination period, moving the male actinidia arguta plants into an actinidia arguta production park, and placing the male actinidia arguta plants in the gaps among female actinidia arguta plants; simultaneously, placing bumblebees into the park, and starting to pollinate. The pollination method for the actinidia arguta has the beneficial effects that the number of the male actinidia arguta plants can be regulated freely, and the fullness of pollen of male flowers is ensured, so that the pollination rate is improved; the pollination effect of the bumblebees is better than that of conventional honeybees; the flowers of the actinidia arguta do not have nectar but only have pollen, honeybees like the nectar instead of the pollen, and the bumblebees like the pollen, so that the pollination rate is improved; the female actinidia arguta plants cannot be mixed with the male actinidia arguta plants, so that the management is facilitated; moreover, the male actinidia arguta plants are not planted in the production park for culturing, so that the yield per mu of the actinidia arguta is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of kiwi fruit pollinating method, particularly a kind of tara vine pollinating method.
Background technology
Tara vine (ActinidiaargutaSieb.etZucc) has another name called bower actinidia fruit, bower actinidia root or leaf, rattan melon and rattan jujube, for Actinidiaceae (Actinidiaceae) Actinidia (Actinidia) perennial defoliation liana, be distributed in northeast, North China, Shandong, northwest and the Yangtze river basin, wherein THE SOUTH OF NORTHEAST CHINA mountain area is more common.Edible fruit use, succulence, sour and sweet palatability, unique flavor.Nutritive value is very high, containing multiple nutritional components such as vitamin C, B family vitamin, amino acid, carotenoid, polysaccharide, flavones.Flavonoids is the Polyphenols natural products distributing very wide and important in a class plant, there is pharmacologically active widely, as antioxidation, antibiosis and antiviral functions, antiinflammation, raising immunity of organisms, antitumor, hypotensive, reducing blood lipid, the physiological function such as control cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and liver protecting.Tara vine is one of 1901 to 2000 the most successful wild fruit tree kinds of artificial domesticating cultivation.Fruit type " mini " is small and exquisite, and fruit surface smooth is without hair, and seed is little, is applicable to very much eating and be processed into whole fruit can, preserved fruit etc. raw.
The output of tara vine is closely related with pollination rate, and under normal circumstances, kiwi fruit pollination technique has spontaneous pollination and artificial pollination.
Spontaneous pollination: kiwi fruit natural pollination is mainly by wind-force and insect pollination, pollination object is reached with this, but production use few, because have a lot of uncontrollable factor under natural conditions, Pollination Effect is poor, unstable, and the pollen amount of male flower and the quantity of insect can not be ensured, more freely can not control insect or wind and come for pollination.
Artificial pollination: artificial pollination comparatively spontaneous pollination is stablized, and effect is better; When female flower is open, preprepared male flower pollen is smeared or touched on the column cap of female flower; But the shortcoming of artificial pollination also clearly, it must spend a large amount of artificial and time to carry out artificial pollination, and the peopleware simultaneously implementing artificial pollination differs, and likely can omit pollination or does not pollinate diligently and cause pollination failures.
Therefore, how improving pollination rate when saving artificial is problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of tara vine pollinating method, it ensures male flower quantity, relation control insect numbers, thus reaches pollination object, not only saves manpower, also ensure that Pollination Effect.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of tara vine pollinating method, it is characterized in that, the method comprises:
(1) in late Febuary to early March, by tara vine staminiferous plant kind in removable container, and ensure that loosing soil is fertile, air capacity of soils is good, and water retention capacity is strong, within average 7 days, irrigates once, to ensure soil moisture; Respectively by the end of April, by the end of May, sealing fertilizer by the end of June, fertilizing amount is 50 ~ 100g; Tara vine starts pumping trunk in June ~ July, top is plucked when trunk grows to 2.5 ~ 3m, treat trunk to bear first order branch, first order bar plucks top to first order branch after growing to 5 ~ 10 leaves, treats that first order branch bears second level branch, after second level branch grows to 5 ~ 10 leaves, top is plucked to second level branch, by that analogy, can ensure that tara vine moulding is in " column ";
(2) late April next year, moved in tara vine production garden by tara vine staminiferous plant, be placed on the vacant lot between tara vine female plant, tara vine staminiferous plant and tara vine female plant ratio are 1:3 ~ 1:8;
(3), while tara vine staminiferous plant moves into tara vine production garden, the beehive that bumblebee is housed is put into tara vine production garden, beehive shelf is set up, and beehive is 1.0 ~ 1.5m overhead; 1 ~ 2 case bumblebee is placed in every 5 mu of tara vine grown places;
(4) mid-May, the tara vine female plant florescence terminates and bears fruit, and tara vine staminiferous plant and beehive is shifted out tara vine production garden.
Preferably, the beehive top in described step (3) is provided with shade disk.
Preferably, the bumblebee exit of the beehive in described step (3) is placed with the pollen of tara vine staminiferous plant.
Preferably, the volume of described removable container is 60 ~ 150 liters, and the height of described container is 20 ~ 60cm.
Preferably, composition and the quality proportioning of described composite fertilizer comprise: 12 ~ 15 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 9 ~ 12 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 9 ~ 12 parts, potash fertilizer.
In sum, owing to have employed technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, tara vine staminiferous plant of the present invention is planted in container, and its moulding is in " column ", can save space, can move freely, and traditional staminiferous plant Planting pattern takes up space very large, and can not move; In traditional its unit are of staminiferous plant Planting pattern, the staminiferous plant of plantation is fewer than the staminiferous plant of portable Planting pattern, and male flower quantity is also few than portable male flower quantity, thus ensure that the full of male flower pollen, improves pollination rate.
2, the unified plantation of tara vine staminiferous plant of the present invention is in a region, can not mix staminiferous plant, avoid the problem cannot differentiating female plant and staminiferous plant because male and female plant mixes plantation, be convenient to management in female plant; In production process, plantation kiwi fruit staminiferous plant is because need to use male flower pollen, therefore male flower quantity to be ensured, although traditional cultivation method ensure that the quantity of male flower, but but comparatively complicated in management, especially require strict in pruning, and the column staminiferous plant of movable type only to need to be trimmed to column just passable, do not need other pruning, method is simply easily grasped.
3, the present invention effectively increases economic efficiency, and portable staminiferous plant is not planted in garden, and the plantation that can not occupy female plant is local, improves the per mu yield of tara vine, effectively increases economic efficiency.
4, the moveable staminiferous plant of the present invention forms one unique scenery line, packaged type staminiferous plant is all in column moulding, and be thick with leaves, road both sides are placed it in when no matter blooming or when not blooming, form street tree view, just need not can form a kind of unique scenery by plantation flowers and plants deliberately, kill two birds with one stone, save resource.
5, the portable staminiferous plant of the present invention pollinates with bumblebee and coordinates, and ensure that tara vine Pollination Effect is better than artificial pollination, tara vine only has pollen, does not have nectar, and bumblebee likes pollen, and thus the Pollination Effect of bumblebee is better than traditional honeybee pollination effect.Meanwhile, add male flower quantity, namely add pollen amount, can ensure the pollen demand of pollinating, bumblebee can pollinate back and forth; The present invention is with insect pollination, decreases human cost, can also avoiding the various drawbacks because quality of workers difference causes, as omitted pollination, not attentively, forgetting position etc.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
embodiment 1
A kind of tara vine pollinating method, in late Febuary, by tara vine staminiferous plant kind in removable container, the volume of removable container is 60 liters, the height of described container is 20cm, and ensures that loosing soil is fertile, and air capacity of soils is good, water retention capacity is strong, within every 5 days, irrigates once, to ensure soil moisture, respectively by the end of April, by the end of May, sealing fertilizer by the end of June, fertilizing amount is 50g, and composition and the quality proportioning of composite fertilizer comprise: 12 ~ 15 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 9 ~ 12 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 9 ~ 12 parts, potash fertilizer, tara vine starts pumping trunk in June ~ July, top is plucked when trunk grows to 2.5m, after trunk lignification, trunk bears first order branch, after first order branch grows to 5 leaves, top is plucked to first order branch, second level branch is born after first order branch lignification, grow to after 5 leaves until second level branch, top is plucked to second level branch, by that analogy, can ensure that tara vine moulding is in " column ", pass through the male flower quantity of the tara vine staminiferous plant meticulously pruned also more than the tara vine staminiferous plant that conventional method is cultivated, thus add the pollination rate of tara vine.The tara vine florescence generally at the end of of four months to early May, and tara vine staminiferous plant flowering time often more Zao than tara vine female plant flowering time 2 ~ 3 days; Late April next year, moved in tara vine production garden by the tara vine staminiferous plant just bloomed, be placed on the vacant lot between tara vine female plant, male female plant ratio is 1:3.While tara vine staminiferous plant moves into tara vine production garden, the beehive that bumblebee is housed is put into tara vine production garden, beehive shelf is set up, and beehive is 1.0m overhead; 1 case bumblebee is placed in every 5 mu of tara vine grown places; This bumblebee is commercially available bumblebee, and beehive top arranges shade disk, and shade disk can not directly be pressed on beehive, and the setting of shade disk reduces the lethality of bumblebee, ensure that pollination rate to a certain extent.Bumblebee is more effective than traditional honeybee pollination, because tara vine does not have nectar in spending, only have pollen, honeybee likes nectar, does not like pollen, and bumblebee likes pollen.When starting to bloom Deng female plant, staminiferous plant is exactly full-bloom stage substantially, and at this moment bumblebee just can start to have pollinated.Mid-May, the tara vine female plant florescence terminates and bears fruit, and tara vine staminiferous plant and beehive is shifted out tara vine production garden, and the tara vine staminiferous plant shifted out is placed on road both sides, forms street tree view, beautifies the environment.
embodiment 2
A kind of tara vine pollinating method, at early March, by tara vine staminiferous plant kind in removable container, the volume of removable container is 150 liters, and the height of described container is 60cm, and ensures that loosing soil is fertile, air capacity of soils is good, water retention capacity is strong, within every 7 days, irrigates once, to ensure soil moisture, respectively by the end of April, by the end of May, sealing fertilizer by the end of June, fertilizing amount is 100g, and composition and the quality proportioning of composite fertilizer comprise: 12 ~ 15 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 9 ~ 12 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 9 ~ 12 parts, potash fertilizer, tara vine starts pumping trunk in June ~ July, top is plucked when trunk grows to 3m, after trunk lignification, trunk bears first order branch, after first order branch grows to 10 leaves, top is plucked to first order branch, second level branch is born after first order branch lignification, grow to after 10 leaves until second level branch, top is plucked to second level branch, by that analogy, can ensure that tara vine moulding is in " column ", pass through the male flower quantity of the tara vine staminiferous plant meticulously pruned also more than the tara vine staminiferous plant that conventional method is cultivated, thus add the pollination rate of tara vine.The tara vine florescence generally at the end of of four months to early May, and tara vine staminiferous plant flowering time often more Zao than tara vine female plant flowering time 2 ~ 3 days; Late April next year, moved in tara vine production garden by the tara vine staminiferous plant just bloomed, be placed on the vacant lot between tara vine female plant, male female plant ratio is 1:8.While tara vine staminiferous plant moves into tara vine production garden, the beehive that bumblebee is housed is put into tara vine production garden, beehive shelf is set up, and beehive is 1.5m overhead; 2 casees bumblebees are placed in every 5 mu of tara vine grown places; This bumblebee is commercially available bumblebee, and beehive top arranges shade disk, and shade disk can not directly be pressed on beehive, and the setting of shade disk reduces the lethality of bumblebee, ensure that pollination rate to a certain extent.Bumblebee is more effective than traditional honeybee pollination, because tara vine does not have nectar in spending, only have pollen, honeybee likes nectar, does not like pollen, and bumblebee likes pollen.When starting to bloom Deng female plant, staminiferous plant is exactly full-bloom stage substantially, and at this moment bumblebee just can start to have pollinated.Mid-May, the tara vine female plant florescence terminates and bears fruit, and tara vine staminiferous plant and beehive is shifted out tara vine production garden, and the tara vine staminiferous plant shifted out is placed on road both sides, forms street tree view, beautifies the environment.
embodiment 3
A kind of tara vine pollinating method, at early March, by tara vine staminiferous plant kind in removable container, the volume of removable container is 100 liters, and the height of described container is 35cm, and ensures that loosing soil is fertile, air capacity of soils is good, water retention capacity is strong, within every 6 days, irrigates once, to ensure soil moisture, respectively by the end of April, by the end of May, sealing fertilizer by the end of June, fertilizing amount is 75g, and composition and the quality proportioning of composite fertilizer comprise: 12 ~ 15 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 9 ~ 12 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 9 ~ 12 parts, potash fertilizer, tara vine starts pumping trunk in June ~ July, top is plucked when trunk grows to 2.7m, after trunk lignification, trunk bears first order branch, after first order branch grows to 7 leaves, top is plucked to first order branch, second level branch is born after first order branch lignification, grow to after 7 leaves until second level branch, top is plucked to second level branch, by that analogy, can ensure that tara vine moulding is in " column ", pass through the male flower quantity of the tara vine staminiferous plant meticulously pruned also more than the tara vine staminiferous plant that conventional method is cultivated, thus add the pollination rate of tara vine.The tara vine florescence generally at the end of of four months to early May, and tara vine staminiferous plant flowering time often more Zao than tara vine female plant flowering time 2 ~ 3 days; Late April next year, moved in tara vine production garden by the tara vine staminiferous plant just bloomed, be placed on the vacant lot between tara vine female plant, male female plant ratio is 1:5.While tara vine staminiferous plant moves into tara vine production garden, the beehive that bumblebee is housed is put into tara vine production garden, beehive shelf is set up, and beehive is 1.2m overhead; 1.5 casees bumblebees are placed in every 5 mu of tara vine grown places; This bumblebee is commercially available bumblebee, and beehive top arranges shade disk, and shade disk can not directly be pressed on beehive, and the setting of shade disk reduces the lethality of bumblebee, ensure that pollination rate to a certain extent.Bumblebee is more effective than traditional honeybee pollination, because tara vine does not have nectar in spending, only have pollen, honeybee likes nectar, does not like pollen, and bumblebee likes pollen.When starting to bloom Deng female plant, staminiferous plant is exactly full-bloom stage substantially, and at this moment bumblebee just can start to have pollinated.Mid-May, the tara vine female plant florescence terminates and bears fruit, and tara vine staminiferous plant and beehive is shifted out tara vine production garden, and the tara vine staminiferous plant shifted out is placed on road both sides, forms street tree view, beautifies the environment.
embodiment 4
The present embodiment does further improvement on the basis of any one embodiment of embodiment 1 ~ 3, tara vine staminiferous plant pollen is spread upon the exit of beehive by this enforcement, just male flower pollen can be stained with when bumblebee flies out, as long as bumblebee flies to female taking and can pollinate, pollination rate can be further increased like this, the source of the pollen of general male flower has market to buy or prepares two kinds voluntarily, but prepare pollen voluntarily and not only bother waste of manpower, and need to use a large amount of tara vine staminiferous plants and increase cost, so the present embodiment adopts commercial tara vine staminiferous plant pollen.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a tara vine pollinating method, is characterized in that, the method comprises:
(1) in late Febuary to early March, by tara vine staminiferous plant kind in removable container, and ensure that loosing soil is fertile, air capacity of soils is good, and water retention capacity is strong, within every 5 ~ 7 days, irrigates once, to ensure soil moisture; Respectively by the end of April, by the end of May, sealing fertilizer by the end of June, fertilizing amount is 50 ~ 100g; Tara vine starts pumping trunk in June ~ July, top is plucked when trunk grows to 2.5 ~ 3m, after trunk bearing first order branch and first order branch grows to 5 ~ 10 leaves, top is plucked to first order branch, after first order branch bears second level branch and second level branch grows to 5 ~ 10 leaves, top is plucked to second level branch, by that analogy, makes the moulding of tara vine staminiferous plant be column;
(2) late April next year, moved in tara vine production garden by tara vine staminiferous plant, be placed on the vacant lot between tara vine female plant, tara vine staminiferous plant and tara vine female plant ratio are 1:3 ~ 1:8;
(3), while tara vine staminiferous plant moves into tara vine production garden, the beehive that bumblebee is housed is put into tara vine production garden, beehive is placed on hive frame, and beehive is 1.0 ~ 1.5m overhead; 1 ~ 2 case bumblebee is placed in every 5 mu of tara vine grown places;
(4) mid-May, the tara vine female plant florescence terminates and bears fruit, and tara vine staminiferous plant and beehive is shifted out tara vine production garden.
2. a kind of tara vine pollinating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the beehive top in described step (3) is provided with shade disk.
3. a kind of tara vine pollinating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the bumblebee exit of the beehive in described step (3) is placed with the pollen of tara vine staminiferous plant.
4. a kind of tara vine pollinating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the volume of described removable container is 60 ~ 150 liters, and the height of described removable container is 20 ~ 60cm.
5. a kind of tara vine pollinating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, composition and the quality proportioning of described composite fertilizer comprise: 12 ~ 15 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 9 ~ 12 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 9 ~ 12 parts, potash fertilizer.
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| CN201510709961.4A CN105265306B (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2015-10-28 | A kind of tara vine pollinating method |
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| CN201510709961.4A CN105265306B (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2015-10-28 | A kind of tara vine pollinating method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106134903A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-11-23 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | One plant field planting method, male and female plant system and corresponding management method |
| CN107787744A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-13 | 沈阳千叶农业科技有限公司 | Tara vine field is planned and building techniques |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102177847A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2011-09-14 | 沈阳农业大学 | Factory seedling cultivating method of actinidia arguta |
-
2015
- 2015-10-28 CN CN201510709961.4A patent/CN105265306B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102177847A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2011-09-14 | 沈阳农业大学 | Factory seedling cultivating method of actinidia arguta |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 何丽丽: "猕猴桃辅助授粉技术", 《林果花草》 * |
| 赵英杰等: "陕西眉县徐香猕猴桃标准化生产技术", 《栽培技术》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106134903A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-11-23 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | One plant field planting method, male and female plant system and corresponding management method |
| CN106134903B (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2019-08-13 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | One plant field planting method, male and female plant system and corresponding management method |
| CN107787744A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-13 | 沈阳千叶农业科技有限公司 | Tara vine field is planned and building techniques |
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