CN105248124A - Culture method for improving yield of cistanche and combined fertilizer used for cistanche culture - Google Patents
Culture method for improving yield of cistanche and combined fertilizer used for cistanche culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN105248124A CN105248124A CN201510763556.0A CN201510763556A CN105248124A CN 105248124 A CN105248124 A CN 105248124A CN 201510763556 A CN201510763556 A CN 201510763556A CN 105248124 A CN105248124 A CN 105248124A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culture method for improving yield of cistanche and a combined fertilizer used for cistanche culture, which belong to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine culture. The culture method comprises the following steps: (1) culturing or selecting a hosted plant, (2) ditching around the root part of the hosted plant and sowing cistanche seeds in a ditch; the method is characterized by comprising fertilizing soil at the root part of the hosted plant before, when or/and after the cistanche is inoculated, and the fertilizing is performed by applying a plurality of following fertilizers simultaneously or respectively in proportion by weight: 500 to 1800kg/mu of animal manure, 5 to 30kg/mu of potassium sulphate compound fertilizer, 0 to 30kg/mu of urea, 0 to 200kg of dried cynanchum komarovii and 0.5 to 2.5kg of green muscardine fungus conidial powder; an organic fertilizer is 20-30% in water content and is prepared from materials of chicken manure, sheep manure, cow dung and/or camel manure. The culture method can effectively promote growth of the hosted plant, and improve hosting point number and yield of the cistanche relative to a contrast by fertilization schedule improvement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medicinal plant cultivation technology, particularly a kind of cultivation method improving saline cistanche output and the composite fertilizer of cultivating for saline cistanche.
Background technology
Saline cistanche CistanchedeserticolaMa is that Orobanchaceae belongs to saline cistanche perennial meat draft holoparasite, is the former plant of primary base that China's tradition rare Chinese medicine saline cistanche CistancheHerba history tree is recorded.Because saline cistanche itself can not carry out photosynthesis, obligatory parasitism is in the root of sacsaoul HaloxylonammodendronBunge, and required various nutriment and moisture must obtain from host, and physiological ecological has particularity.In recent years because saline cistanche and host thereof are by reasons such as coyoting denudations, Wild Cistanche resource sharply reduces, and in order to the sustainable use of saline cistanche resource, the ground such as China Inner Mongol, Ningxia, Xinjiang establish saline cistanche cultivation base.
The artificial cultivation of saline cistanche comprises the artificial culture of host plant, and at host plant root inoculating cistanche salsa seed, the steps such as water and fertilizer management, have had lot of documents to report at present.Artificial cultivation is divided into and carries out in wild Cakcayr Forest district or artificial sacsaoul forest zone.Generally be about 40-50cm in sacsaoul both sides to open inoculation ditch, long 1-2m, wide about 1m, dark 40-60cm; Or the intensive place of host, dig a long ditch around many strain hosts, be sowed at by Seed Points in ditch, apply camel excrement, cattle and sheep excrement etc., earthing 30-40cm, stays ditch or hole above, to water.Artificial Cakcayr Forest grows neatly, embarks on journey, can in the trench digging inoculation of plant both sides.
Due to the parasitic character of saline cistanche, and the particularity of its physiological ecological, there is a lot of difficulty in artificial cultivation saline cistanche, and it relates to multiple links such as the Cultivating techniques of host plant, cistanche salsa artificial inoculation technique and specific cultivation management technology.So far, in the research of saline cistanche culture technique, about the report of saline cistanche inoculation technique is more.Saline cistanche its seed output and quality variation characteristic under Different Fertilization formula there is not yet relevant report so far, does not also see the report from fertilising link research saline cistanche culture technique.The output of common agricultural, Nutrient Absorption, accumulation and to distribute and fertilising has substantial connection, but, fertilising is not seen so far to the successful parasitism of saline cistanche in saline cistanche cultivation, the growing of host plant in this area, and the report that saline cistanche root yield and quality have an impact, in the general standard Technical Reference file DB64/T933-2013 " saline cistanche planting technical regulation " of this area, also not about the guidance of fertilizing method.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on blank and the demand in above-mentioned field, provide a kind of saline cistanche cultivation method and the fertilizer for saline cistanche cultivation, the method effectively can improve saline cistanche host plant amount of growth, and improves inoculation parasitic rate and the output of saline cistanche;
Improve a cultivation method for saline cistanche output, comprise the steps:
(1) cultivation or selected host plant,
(2) at host plant root periphery trench digging, sowing cistanche deserticola seed in ditch,
It is characterized in that, or/and apply fertilizer to the soil of described host plant when inoculating before saline cistanche inoculation, described fertilising refers to use following several fertilizer at the same time or separately by following weight proportion:
Barnyard manure 500-1800kg/ mu,
Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5-30kg/ mu,
OX-heart grass hay 0-200kg/ mu,
Muscardine spore powder 0.5-2.5kg/ mu;
Urea 0-30kg/ mu;
Described barnyard manure water content is 20%-30%, with chicken manure, sheep excrement, cow dung and/or camel excrement for raw material preparation and obtain.
Described host plant refers to sacsaoul (Haloxylonammodendron)
One of preferred version, described fertilising refers to use following fertilizer at the same time or separately by following weight proportion:
Barnyard manure 500-1600kg/ mu,
Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 10-30kg/ mu,
OX-heart grass hay 50-150kg/ mu,
Muscardine spore powder 0.5-2.5kg/ mu;
Urea 5-25kg/ mu.
One of preferred version, described fertilising refers to use following fertilizer at the same time or separately by following weight proportion:
Barnyard manure 500-1000kg/ mu,
Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 15-25kg/ mu,
OX-heart grass hay 100-200kg/ mu,
Muscardine spore powder 1.0-2.0kg/ mu,
Urea 15-25kg/ mu.
One of preferred version, described fertilising refers to use following fertilizer at the same time or separately by following weight proportion:
Barnyard manure 1000-1600kg/ mu,
Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 15-20kg/ mu,
OX-heart grass hay 80-200kg/ mu,
Muscardine spore powder 1.5-2.5kg/ mu,
Urea 0-10kg/ mu.
The step of described fertilising is as follows:
Base manure made by barnyard manure,
Urea is used as base manure and/or topdresses;
Composite fertilizer is used as base manure and/or topdresses;
OX-heart grass: as base manure;
Metarhizium anisopliae var. Anisopliae (Metarhiziumanisopliaevar.anisopliae) conidial powder: be mixed in soil, makes its concentration be that every gram of soil is containing 1*10
6~ 1*10
8individual spore, containing during conidial powder soil inoculation and seed mix to be sprinkled into and inoculate in ditch or as base manure;
The application process of described base manure: impose on inoculation bottom of trench before finger kind;
Described application process of topdressing: inoculate in latter 1 year and impose around Host Plant Haloxylon ammodendron root, within the scope of the homonymy 0.1-2m of inoculation ditch or between sacsaoul strain, ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, degree of depth 20-60cm.
Preferably,
As base manure after mixing with barnyard manure containing conidial powder soil, before inoculation, impose on bottom of trench.
Preferably, urea is used as base manure and topdresses;
Composite fertilizer is used as base manure and topdresses;
Before inoculation, bottom of trench is imposed on after mutually mixing as the various raw materials of base manure.
For a composite fertilizer for saline cistanche cultivation, comprise the component of following weight portion: barnyard manure 500-1800 part, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5-30 part, OX-heart grass hay 0-200 part, muscardine spore powder 0-2.5 part, urea 0-30 part;
Described barnyard manure water content is 20%-30%, with chicken manure, sheep excrement, cow dung and/or camel excrement for raw material preparation and obtain.
Saline cistanche is parasitic plant, its parasitic character, physiological ecological have particularity, culture technique is different from general plant, therefore there is a lot of difficulty in artificial cultivation saline cistanche, it relates to multiple links such as the Cultivating techniques of host plant, cistanche salsa artificial inoculation technique and specific cultivation management technology, the operation of each link is incorrect, likely causes cultivating unsuccessfully, as cistanche deserticola seed do not sprout or parasitism first-class less than host's root.From current bibliography, do not see from fertilizer practice improvement thus both promoted that host grew, effectively improving again parasitism and count, increase the Cultural plan of saline cistanche output.Inventor, according to for many years to the research repeatedly of saline cistanche physiological and ecological characteristic and culture technique, selects to start with from fertilizing method and fertilizer application formula, improves existing saline cistanche cultivation method.
In the present invention, inventor improves the fertilizing method in improvement saline cistanche cultivation, select fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, green manure OX-heart grass, muscardine spore powder, urea etc. combine, draw one group of composite fertilizer formula, experimental data shows, and method of the present invention can significantly improve the economic characters such as the rejuvenation of saline cistanche host plant, plant height and saline cistanche parasitism are counted, output.
The combination fertilizer application formula that the present invention adopts is: barnyard manure 500-1800kg/ mu, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5-30kg/ mu, OX-heart grass hay 0-200kg/ mu, muscardine spore powder 0.5-5kg/ mu; Urea 0-30kg/ mu.
According to embodiments of the invention, in test, the usage amount of barnyard manure, tests 500,700,800,1000,1400,1500,1600,1700,1800kg/ mu, also tests some non integer value therebetween; The amount of application of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer tests 5,10,15,18,25,30kg/ mu, also tests some non integer value therebetween; The amount of application of urea is 0,1,3,4,6,9,11,13,15,18,22,25,28 or 30kg/ mu, also test some non integer value therebetween; The amount of application of OX-heart grass hay tests 0,50,80,100,150,180, and 200kg/ mu; Muscardine spore powder tests 0.5,0.8,1.2,1.5,1.8,2.0,2.2,2.5kg/ mu.Test data proves, object of the present invention can both be realized, namely improve based on to the carrying out of fertilizing method and fertilizer application formula, there is provided a kind of in the growth of promotion sacsaoul, improve parasitism to count, increase the saline cistanche cultivation method that the performance of saline cistanche output aspect obviously improves, in the specific embodiment of the present invention part, list the experimental result of part formula at random.
In method of the present invention and fertilizer formula, fertilizer refers to but is not limited to chicken manure, sheep excrement, cow dung and/or camel excrement, namely with any one, any two kinds, the mixture of any three kinds or whole four kinds is for raw material preparation and the fertilizer that obtains.Described preparation adopts the usual preparation technology of fertilizer, includes but not limited to carry out pesticide and disinfectant to chicken manure, sheep excrement, cow dung and/or camel excrement, process of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
The muscardine spore adopted in the present invention: the conidial powder of Metarhizium anisopliae var. Anisopliae (Metarhiziumanisopliaevar.anisopliae), commercially available acquisition.Do not see the report used in saline cistanche cultivation, the present invention is used as soil insecticide, and experimental result shows and helps to improve the survival rate of host plant and the parasitism of saline cistanche and count.
OX-heart grass (CynanchumkomaroviiAl.), Asclepiadaceae Cynanchum plant, has another name called Cynanchum Komarovii, Cynanchum Komarrivii AI Iijiniski, hancock swallowwort herb etc.OX-heart grass is perennial upright fruticuli herbaceous plant, and plant height can reach 50cm, is narrow ellipse or lanceolar; Be distributed widely in the provinces such as Ningxia, Inner Mongol, Shanxi, Gansu, Shaanxi, wherein reach more than 400 ten thousand mu in the area in Ningxia.The compositions such as the total alkaloids in OX-heart grass are inhibited to various plants growth of pathogenic bacteria, and have insecticidal activity, do not see the report used in saline cistanche cultivation.
The cultivation method of saline cistanche of the present invention and management, except fertilising step and the fertilizer formula that adopts thereof, all according to this area conventional processing schemes, can refer to " saline cistanche planting technical regulation " Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region's provincial standard, DB64/T933-2013,2013/12/17, draftsman: Chen Jun, Xu Rong, Liu Tongning, Xu Changqing, Qiao Haili, Yu Jing, Liu Yuan, Ma Bo, Yang Lie.
Embodiment
The section Example done below by way of the present invention illustrates the solution of the present invention and effect, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to display these embodiments at this.
The impact of part fertilizer applications and the output on host plant sacsaoul and saline cistanche thereof in embodiment 1. the present invention
Experiment material
Sacsaoul: the raw sacsaoul of planting base 8-9, sacsaoul seedling derives from Minqin County of Gansu
Cistanche deserticola seed: cistanche deserticola seed is adopted certainly in planting base, primordial seed source Alashan Area, inner Mongolia Autonomous Region alliance.
The fertilizer type selected:
Barnyard manure: with chicken manure, sheep excrement, cow dung and/or camel excrement for primary raw material, mixed with various gasket materials, form through the long-pending system of process of being exposed to the sun and becoming thoroughly decomposed, water content is 20-30%.
Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer: 15-15-15 or the 16-16-16 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of western Shandong chemosynthesis, nutrient content is high and the few purity of impurity is high, and availability is high, and fertilizer efficiency is more lasting, the effect having preserve moisture and fertility, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, extend fertilizer efficiency.
Urea: Ningxia Jia Nong means of agricultural production Co., Ltd
Metarhizium anisopliae var. Anisopliae (Metarhiziumanisopliaevar.anisopliae) conidial powder: every gram of conidial powder is containing 2 × 10
10-3 × 10
10individual spore, preparation method: the shaking flask 140rpm poured into by muscardine spore suspension containing SDY culture fluid (1L culture fluid is containing yeast extract l0g, peptone 10g, glucose 40g) cultivates 72h.Cultured bacterium liquid is poured into containing rice medium and mixes thoroughly in the strain bag of high pressure steam sterilization, strutting bag and tying up vaccine bag stays certain gap for the gas exchanges inside and outside strain bag simultaneously, strain bag is placed in 25 DEG C of constant incubators, natral light cahure about two weeks, opens fermentation sack completely when green muscardine fungus starts large volume production spore so that water-in-bag divides discharge to continue cultivation within one week, complete fermentation.Utilize spore collector from the pure cryptogam of fermentation materials collected inside drying at room temperature 1 week drier, 4 DEG C save backup.
OX-heart grass (CynanchumkomaroviiAl.) hay: Ningxia, China gathers.
Experimental procedure:
Host plant cultivation, saline cistanche inoculation and field management are all carried out with reference to " " saline cistanche planting technical regulation " Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region's provincial standard, DB64/T933-2013,2013/12/17 ", only add fertilising step.
Apply fertilizer during inoculating cistanche salsa, in inoculation ditch, or apply fertilizer with within lateral extent inoculation ditch 2m.
Fertilizer applications is in table 1, and fertilising step is as follows:
Base manure made by barnyard manure,
Urea is divided into two parts, a as base manure, a as topdressing;
Composite fertilizer is divided into two parts, a as base manure, a as topdressing;
OX-heart grass: as base manure
Metarhizium anisopliae var. Anisopliae (Metarhiziumanisopliaevar.anisopliae) conidial powder: be mixed in soil, makes its concentration be that every gram of soil is containing 1*10
6~ 1*10
8individual spore, containing during conidial powder soil inoculation and seed mix to be sprinkled into and inoculate in ditch;
After above-mentioned all mixing of the raw material as base manure, before inoculation, impose on inoculation bottom of trench;
After above-mentioned all raw material mixing as topdressing, impose in inoculation around Host Plant Haloxylon ammodendron root in latter 1 year, within the scope of the homonymy 0.1-2m of inoculation ditch or between sacsaoul strain, ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, degree of depth 20-60cm.
Apply fertilizer the morphological index and saline cistanche output thereof that measure latter 3 months (mid-August) and 6 months (at the beginning of 11 months) the rear sacsaoul of fertilising, applies fertilizer latter 1 year and 2 years investigation saline cistanche change of production.
Table 1. fertilizer scheme
Apply fertilizer the morphological index and saline cistanche output thereof that measure latter 3 months (mid-August) and 6 months (at the beginning of 11 months) the rear sacsaoul of fertilising, applies fertilizer latter 1 year and 2 years investigation saline cistanche change of production, in table 2.
Table 2. applies fertilizer investigation result
As can be seen from Table 2, for the promotion of Host Plant Haloxylon ammodendron, composite fertilizer is to the remarkable facilitation of the growth of Host Plant Haloxylon ammodendron, and dosage is larger, effect is better, under the composite fertilizer of high dose and the synergy of urea, the result of experiment 3 is the highest, and sacsaoul increases and reaches 46.4cm.And barnyard manure has seondary effect to increasing of sacsaoul, namely fertilizing amount is higher, and sacsaoul amount of growth is poorer.
Count from the parasitism of saline cistanche, output statistics, fertilization program listed by table 1 compared with the control, in the output of saline cistanche, all demonstrates obvious advantage.The investigation result display of saline cistanche output: experiment 5,8,10,11,12, the sacsaoul amount of increasing of 13 and the output of saline cistanche all comparatively contrast and significantly improves.
In conjunction with the investigation result of sacsaoul and saline cistanche, it may be because fertilizer makes the rate of vaccination of saline cistanche and output increase that inventor analyzes its reason, a large amount of loss nutrition of host, only adopt at various fertilizer the output just can taking into account the sacsaoul amount of increasing and saline cistanche during specific cooperation, make the parasitic relation of the two more coordinate win-win.
Active constituent content measuring is carried out, to monitor the quality comparison of medicinal material to the saline cistanche medicinal material of high yield after fertilising.Measure 3 batches altogether.Result shows, and obvious change does not occur the quality of medicinal material after fertilising, and index components is far above standards of pharmacopoeia 0.3%, close with unmanured medicinal material content.
Claims (9)
1. improve a cultivation method for saline cistanche output, comprise the steps:
(1) cultivation or selected host plant,
(2) at host plant root periphery trench digging, sowing cistanche deserticola seed in ditch,
It is characterized in that, or/and apply fertilizer to the soil of described host plant when inoculating before saline cistanche inoculation, described fertilising refers to use following several fertilizer at the same time or separately by following weight proportion:
Barnyard manure 500-1800kg/ mu,
Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5-30kg/ mu,
OX-heart grass hay 0-200kg/ mu,
Muscardine spore powder 0.5-2.5kg/ mu;
Urea 0-30kg/ mu;
Described barnyard manure water content is 20%-30%, with chicken manure, sheep excrement, cow dung and/or camel excrement for raw material preparation and obtain.
2. cultivation method according to claim 1, described host plant refers to sacsaoul (Haloxylonammodendron).
3. cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2, described fertilising refers to use following fertilizer at the same time or separately by following weight proportion:
Barnyard manure 500-1600kg/ mu,
Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 10-30kg/ mu,
OX-heart grass hay 50-150kg/ mu,
Muscardine spore powder 0.5-2.5kg/ mu;
Urea 5-25kg/ mu.
4. cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2, described fertilising refers to use following fertilizer at the same time or separately by following weight proportion:
Barnyard manure 500-1000kg/ mu,
Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 15-25kg/ mu,
OX-heart grass hay 100-200kg/ mu,
Muscardine spore powder 1.0-2.0kg/ mu,
Urea 15-25kg/ mu.
5. cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2, described fertilising refers to use following fertilizer at the same time or separately by following weight proportion:
Barnyard manure 1000-1600kg/ mu,
Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 15-20kg/ mu,
OX-heart grass hay 80-200kg/ mu,
Muscardine spore powder 1.5-2.5kg/ mu,
Urea 0-10kg/ mu.
6., according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-5, the step of described fertilising is as follows:
Base manure made by barnyard manure,
Urea is used as base manure and/or topdresses;
Composite fertilizer is used as base manure and/or topdresses;
OX-heart grass: as base manure
Metarhizium anisopliae var. Anisopliae (Metarhiziumanisopliaevar.anisopliae) conidial powder: be mixed in soil, makes its concentration be that every gram of soil is containing 1*10
6~ 1*10
8individual spore, containing during conidial powder soil inoculation and seed mix to be sprinkled into and inoculate in ditch or as base manure
The application process of described base manure: impose on inoculation bottom of trench before finger kind;
Described application process of topdressing: inoculate in latter 1 year and impose around Host Plant Haloxylon ammodendron root, within the scope of the homonymy 0.1-2m of inoculation ditch or between sacsaoul strain, ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, degree of depth 20-60cm.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that:
As base manure after mixing with barnyard manure containing conidial powder soil, before inoculation, impose on bottom of trench.
8. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that:
Urea is used as base manure and topdresses;
Composite fertilizer is used as base manure and topdresses;
Before inoculation, bottom of trench is imposed on after mutually mixing as the various raw materials of base manure.
9. for a composite fertilizer for saline cistanche cultivation, comprise the component of following weight portion: barnyard manure 500-1800 part, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5-30 part, OX-heart grass hay 0-200 part, muscardine spore powder 0-2.5 part, urea 0-30 part;
Described barnyard manure water content is 20%-30%, with chicken manure, sheep excrement, cow dung and/or camel excrement for raw material preparation and obtain.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111517883A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-08-11 | 新疆永林水草生态研究有限公司 | Artificial cistanche salsa planting inoculant and application thereof |
| CN112602544A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-06 | 塔里木大学 | High-yield cistanche cultivation method |
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