CN105230548B - A kind of Tilapia mossambica high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents

A kind of Tilapia mossambica high-yield cultivation method Download PDF

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CN105230548B
CN105230548B CN201510830279.0A CN201510830279A CN105230548B CN 105230548 B CN105230548 B CN 105230548B CN 201510830279 A CN201510830279 A CN 201510830279A CN 105230548 B CN105230548 B CN 105230548B
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tilapia mossambica
water
breeding process
tilapia
breeding
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CN105230548A (en
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罗国芝
张楠
谭洪新
吴盛凯
李文清
安玉
刘文畅
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Shanghai Maritime University
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Shanghai Maritime University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of Tilapia mossambica high-yield cultivation method, using multi-hydroxybutyrate as organic carbon source in breeding process.Its advantage is shown：The Tilapia mossambica high yielding culture pattern of the present invention avoids the frequent addition of carbon source in conventional bioflocculation breeding process, also avoid a large amount of organic carbon sources of addition in the short time that a large amount of consumption of oxygen can be caused to keep breeding process safer, it manages more convenient, and based on this, Tilapia mossambica closed culture can be realized using lower aquaculture cost.

Description

A kind of Tilapia mossambica high-yield cultivation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, specifically, being a kind of Tilapia mossambica high yielding culture pattern for not changing water.
Background technology
The albumen demand of aquatic livestock is apparently higher than mammal.But the only protein that feeds of about 20-30% is converted to Fish obtains object, cannot largely be utilized and be present in breeding water body, the C in general breeding water body：N is less than 4.0.Researcher's root According to heterotrophicy bacteria growth metabolism demand characteristic, proposition should be by the C in breeding water body：N is increased to 10.75 or more, to promote to cultivate The raised growth of heterotrophicy bacteria in water body, and form microbial flocculation body (Biofloc) as driving and then effectively control foster The ammonia nitrogen in water body is grown, and is applied15The method validations of N tracers Tilapia mossambica effectively ingesting to floccule body.Research table later Bright, the crude protein content of the biological floes 1. formed under the conditions of aquaculture is generally in 38.5-57.4%, and crude fat is in 20- 35%, energy 20-25kJg-1, the nutritional need of cultivation object can be met；2. other substances contained in floccule body are to water Production cultivation is also of great significance, such as short chain fatty acids, poly- β hydroxybutyric acids (Poly- β-hydroxybutyrate, PHB) and one Quantitative vitamin and trace element；3. to protein content in the excrement of fish the experimental results showed that, silver carp, Tilapia mossambica, south The growth rate after bacteria floccule of ingesting such as penaeus vannamei is good, and assimilability is high；4. applying bioflocculation in Rofe fish culture The utilization rate of technology, protein has been increased to 43% from 23%.In carp, crucian, shrimp seedling mark be thick, holothruian cultures and artemia culture In the process good effect is also achieved using bioflocculation technology.
Using bioflocculation technology, have at least the following advantages：1. realizing that breeding water zero exchanges at lower cost, cultivation It can not have to change water in the process, that is, reduce the risk that source water is brought, avoid the influence to ambient enviroment yet；2. the Multi-class propagation of bait And it is substantially reduced bait feeding amount, feed cost is saved, the accumulation of harmful substance in breeding process is reduced.
Although domestic water production scientific research institutions show keen interest to bioflocculation, also carry out relatively more extensive Research, but production-scale application is fewer, and there is also the problems in many details for the popularization of large area.How to meet aquatic products to support The requirement for tieing up input raw, easy to operate and low is grown, it is one of critical issue to select suitable organic carbon source.
Common carbon source has glucose, starch, sodium acetate, molasses etc..Molasses palatability is good, and main component is carbohydrate, China's the South and the North is widely distributed, has some areas and applies to molasses in practical breeding production.But molasses are as sugaring work A kind of byproduct of industry, sugar content is all relatively low, the cane sugar content only 24-36% for the cane molasses that market is sold.Glucose and This kind of simple carbon source of sucrose can be utilized quickly after breeding water body is added, but expensive.Above-mentioned several carbon sources are both needed to constantly It adds to ensure the basic need of bioflocculation process.The compounded carbons price such as tapioca starch, wheaten starch and cornstarch is opposite Cheap and effect stability, persistently, but water turbidity can be increased in real process, and dissolve cumbersome.
Biodegradable polymers are believed to stable release carbon source, have been attempted for supporting for drinking water and aquatic products It grows and provides carbon source with the denitrification of water.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention proposes a kind of closed high yielding culture mould of the Tilapia mossambica based on bioflocculation technology Formula, emphasis solves the problems, such as the supply of organic carbon source in Tilapia mossambica bioflocculation breeding process, and structure is efficient, high on this basis Production, water-saving and safe Tilapia mossambica culture model.
Invention content
The present invention proposes that a kind of closed high yielding culture pattern of the Tilapia mossambica based on bioflocculation technology, emphasis solve Rofe The supply problem of organic carbon in fish bioflocculation breeding process builds efficient, high yield, water-saving and safe culture model.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that：A kind of Tilapia mossambica high-yield cultivation method, breeding process In using multi-hydroxybutyrate as organic carbon source.
Multi-hydroxybutyrate is uniformly placed in Cultivation container in a manner of hanging bag.
2.5-3.5kg multi-hydroxybutyrates are placed in every cubic metre of breeding water body.
3kg multi-hydroxybutyrates are placed in every cubic metre of breeding water body.
3kg multi-hydroxybutyrates are uniformly placed in every cubic metre of breeding water body in a manner of hanging bag；Startup stage is cultivated, By the tilapia feed ground is added in the tap water that is fully aerated, continues fully aeration, keep DO in 6mg/ in culturing jar L passes through NaHCO3PH is adjusted between 7~7.5；When the ammonia nitrogen in water body is reduced to 2mg/L, nitrous acid is reduced to 0.5mg/L Hereinafter, being put into 10g or more Rofe fries；The control of Tilapia mossambica daily ration of feeding is the 2% of fish body weight in breeding process；In breeding process The daily total suspended solid particle concentration that measures mixes part flco when total suspended solid particle concentration is more than 250mg/L It closes object to pump out into complementary tank from breeding trough bottom, precipitates 1h, supernatant is pumped back to culturing jar later；It is not changed during cultivation Water only supplements water.
The tilapia feed is Tilapia mossambica expanding compound feed, wherein moisture≤10.0%, crude protein >=30.0%, Crude fat >=4.0%, crude fibre≤12.0%, coarse ash≤13.0%, total phosphorus 0.6~2.2%, lysine >=1.25%.
The culturing jar is the container of column body lower cone.
The invention has the advantages that：
The Tilapia mossambica high yielding culture pattern of the present invention avoids the frequent addition of carbon source in conventional bioflocculation breeding process, Also avoid a large amount of organic carbon sources of addition in the short time that a large amount of consumption of oxygen can be caused to keep breeding process safer, management It is more convenient, and based on this, Tilapia mossambica closed culture can be realized using lower aquaculture cost.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing 1 is cultivating system schematic diagram.
Attached drawing 2 is dissolved organic carbon in breeding process (DOC) and C/N.
Specific implementation mode
It elaborates to specific implementation mode provided by the invention with reference to embodiment.
Culturing jar be column body lower cone container, a diameter of 120.3cm, internal diameter 110.1cm, overall height 110cm, The middle high 38cm of cone.The volume that discharges water is 500L.
Multi-hydroxybutyrate polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) many microorganisms accumulate under unsteady state condition A kind of biopolymer can be used as storing in the intracellular carbon source and the energy of microorganism, also act as excellent biodegradable modeling Material, biocompatible materials and environmental protection macromolecule material.Technical characteristics of the present invention are using PHB as organic carbon source.In reality The mode of PHB hanging bags is uniformly placed in culturing jar during being produced on border, specific placement amount is 2.5-3.5PHB/m3Cultivation water Body, it is preferable that 3kg PHB/m3Breeding water body no longer needs to add other carbon sources in breeding process, without replacing PHB.
Startup stage is cultivated, the tilapia feed ground is added in the tap water by being fully aerated, continues fully to expose Gas, culturing jar is interior to keep DO in 6mg/L, passes through NaHCO3PH is adjusted between 7~7.5.When the ammonia nitrogen in water body is reduced to 2mg/L, nitrous acid are reduced to 0.5mg/L hereinafter, being put into 10g or more Rofe fries.Tilapia mossambica daily ration of feeding control in breeding process System is the 2% of fish body weight.Total suspended solid particle concentration is measured in breeding process daily, when total suspended solid particle concentration When more than 250mg/L, part flco mixture is pumped out from breeding trough bottom into complementary tank, 1h is precipitated, later by supernatant Liquid pump returns to culturing jar.Water is not changed during cultivation, only supplements water.
Embodiment 1
Experiment with the fry that fish (lucky richness strain Tilapia mossambica) is the hatching of same batch, purchased from Jiangmen city newly can lucky seawater production have Limit company.It is temporarily supported to more than 10g/ tails in Shanghai Ocean University's circulating water culture system after transporting back, selects healthy disease-free, size Uniform 720 tail uses fish as experiment.It tests with the specification of fish and is：9.52 ± 1.24cm of overall length, body grow 7.57 ± 0.93cm, body Weigh 13.62 ± 4.20g, the high 3.34 ± 0.67cm of body, the wide 1.60 ± 0.35cm of body.Initial breeding density is 3.27 ± 1.00kg/ m3.Culture experiment carries out in culturing jar indoors.Culturing jar is the container of column body lower cone, and a diameter of 120.3cm, internal diameter is 110.1cm, overall height 110cm, the high 38cm of cone, totally 6.Its working volume is 500L.
Two processing groups of experimental design, respectively using PHB and glucose as carbon source, i.e. PHB groups and glucose group, every group Setting 3 is parallel.PHB groups provide required carbon source in reaction process in a manner of hanging bag, and 8 bags, every bag are respectively hung in each sink 200g (hanging bag modes：Divide sink circumference equally by 4 points, hanging two bags on each point is dipped vertically into water, each 1 bag of levels)； Glucose group adds glucose (i.e. according to feedstuff feeding amount：Carbon source additive amount=0.465 × feedstuff feeding amount) to ensure to react Carbon source needed for process adds glucose after feeding feed every time.
On-test, is in mid-July, 2014,120 days test periods.The feeding fed during entire temporarily foster stage and experiment Material is " peace is helped " board Tilapia mossambica expanding compound feed, wherein moisture≤10.0%, crude protein >=30.0%, crude fat >=4.0%, Crude fibre≤12.0%, coarse ash≤13.0%, total phosphorus 0.6~2.2%, lysine >=1.25%.By the laundering period to examination It tests fish to ingest the observation of situation, day feeding rate is set to 2%, 8:30,12:30 and 18:30 points feed for 3 times.During cultivation, respectively DO is kept in culturing jar>6mg/L.It tests initial 40 days, every 3 culturing jars with 1 power are 138W, maximum tolerance 100L/min Air pump (ACO-008, dense fish pavilion board) and air pump (ACO-002, dense fish that 1 power is 35W, maximum tolerance 40L/min Pavilion board) DO and mixing intensity are provided；It tests the 40th~120 day, every 3 culturing jars with 2 power are 138W, maximum tolerance The air pump (ACO-008, dense fish pavilion board) of 100L/min and 2 power are the air pump (ACO- of 35W, maximum tolerance 40L/min 002, dense fish pavilion board) DO and mixing intensity are provided.PH in each culturing jar passes through NaHCO3Adjust, be maintained at 7~7.5 it Between；Temperature controls between 24~26 DEG C.It is 150mg/L to regulate and control initial TSS in each culturing jar, and test fish is put into.Entire In breeding process, flco needs regularly to remove.Work as TSS>When 250mg/L, part flco mixture is pumped out to spare empty barrel It is interior, 1h is precipitated, supernatant is pumped back in culturing jar later, collects remaining flco.Water is not changed during experiment, only supplement is because adopting The water of sample and evaporation loss.
The result shows that PHB is able to maintain that C in breeding process:N is in 15 or more (Fig. 2), and water stabilization is comparing during cultivation Good level (table 1), culture efficiency is more satisfactory (table 2), and cost is significantly lower than the cultivation group (table that glucose is carbon source 3)。
Table 1:Tri-state nitrogen and the variation of phosphatic concentration in stabilization sub stage carbon source group
Table 2:The growth performance of test fish and feed conversion situation in different carbon source group
Note:The different letters of colleague's mark indicate otherness significantly (P<0.05)
Table 3:The dosage and cost of different carbon source group carbon source during the test
Note:The different letters of same column mark indicate otherness significantly (P<0.05)
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art Member, under the premise of not departing from the method for the present invention, can also make several improvement and supplement, these are improved and supplement also should be regarded as Protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of Tilapia mossambica high-yield cultivation method, which is characterized in that using multi-hydroxybutyrate as organic carbon source in breeding process, 3kg multi-hydroxybutyrates are uniformly placed in every cubic metre of breeding water body in a manner of hanging bag；Startup stage is cultivated, by abundant The tilapia feed ground is added in the tap water of aeration, continues fully aeration, keeps DO in 6mg/L in culturing jar, pass through NaHCO3 adjusts pH between 7~7.5；When the ammonia nitrogen in water body is reduced to 2mg/L, nitrous acid is reduced to 0.5mg/L hereinafter, putting Enter 10g or more Rofe fries；The control of Tilapia mossambica daily ration of feeding is the 2% of fish body weight in breeding process；It is surveyed daily in breeding process Determine total suspended solid particle concentration, when total suspended solid particle concentration is more than 250mg/L, by part flco mixture from Culturing jar bottom is pumped out into complementary tank, precipitates 1h, supernatant is pumped back to culturing jar later；Water is not changed during cultivation, only Supplement water；
The tilapia feed is Tilapia mossambica expanding compound feed, wherein moisture≤10.0%, crude protein >=30.0%, thick fat Fat >=4.0%, crude fibre≤12.0%, coarse ash≤13.0%, total phosphorus 0.6~2.2%, lysine >=1.25%.
2. Tilapia mossambica high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the culturing jar is under column body The container of cone.
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CN106417124B (en) * 2016-09-13 2019-06-21 上海海洋大学 A method of regulating and controlling prebiotic type microbial flocculation body using compounded carbons and carries out prawn high-density breeding
CN108046520B (en) * 2017-12-13 2020-11-27 上海海洋大学 Low-cost and low-irritation biological flocculation aquaculture method
CN113940297B (en) * 2021-11-24 2023-03-21 上海海洋大学 Method for cultivating young fry in biological floc-circulating water relay mode

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