CN102511429A - Method for reducing feed coefficient of Tilapia mossambica through adding carbon source in culture water - Google Patents
Method for reducing feed coefficient of Tilapia mossambica through adding carbon source in culture water Download PDFInfo
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- CN102511429A CN102511429A CN2012100038438A CN201210003843A CN102511429A CN 102511429 A CN102511429 A CN 102511429A CN 2012100038438 A CN2012100038438 A CN 2012100038438A CN 201210003843 A CN201210003843 A CN 201210003843A CN 102511429 A CN102511429 A CN 102511429A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for reducing feed coefficient of Tilapia mossambica through adding a carbon source in culture water. According to the method, spreading starch accounting for 25%-35% of the overall feeding quantity of a day once a day within one hour after feeding. The invention also relates to application of starch for reducing feed coefficient of Tilapia mossambica. The method has the advantages that starch is added to the culture water of Tilapia mossambica to provide an organic carbon source for heterotrophicy bacteria in the culture water so that the heterotrophicy bacteria can use ammonia nitrogen in the water and the added starch to generate new bacterioproteins, therefore water quality is improved, water changing frequency is reduced, and dependence on the water resources during the culture process is lowered; in addition, the generated floc can be ate by Tilapia mossambica, therefore the feed utilization is improved, feeding quantity is lowered and demands on fish meal and fish oil serving as sources of proteins in the production process of feed can be reduced. The method has remarkable ecological effect, is an effective and sustainable culture way, is simple to operate and is suitable for wide popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, specifically, is a kind of method that carbon source reduces the Tilapia mossambica feed coefficient of in breeding water body, adding.
Background technology
Tilapia mossambica is one of principal item of China's freshwater aquiculture, mainly concentrates on Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian San Sheng.According to statistics, national Tilapia mossambica output in 2009 accounts for 6.43% of CHINESE FRESHWATER fish gross yield up to 125.8 ten thousand tons, states such as main exit America and Europe, and also market demand increases day by day.But at present the Tilapia mossambica breeding production of China is main with hydrostatic, without exhaust waste pond culture basically, the activity of cultured fishes, ingests, drains all and in same pond, carry out.Generally speaking, cultured fishes only can be digested and assimilated the protein of the 20%-25% in the bait of throwing something and feeding, and remaining form with ammonia nitrogen, residual bait and ight soil is present in cultivation water environment, are prone to cause water quality deterioration, bring out fish disease even cause large-scale fish kills.For the ammonia nitrogen in the water body, residual bait and ight soil, a kind of processing method is to change water, can consume great lot of water resources like this, and at present, the most regional water resources of China lack, and have limited the development of Tilapia mossambica aquaculture to a certain extent.Second method is to utilize after breeding water is handled again, i.e. circulating water cultivation, but this pattern can increase investment and operation cost, and it is not strong to culture practicality for the Tilapia mossambica of China.Another kind of application now method more widely is to add probiotics, like photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus and composite bacteria preparation etc., can only purify water like this, can not reduce aquaculture cost.Feed waste is serious under existing pond culture pattern, has also increased the fish meal in feed protein source and the demand of fish oil.These problems have had a strong impact on low-carbon (LC), the healthy aquaculture of China Tilapia mossambica.The aquaculture model of studying a kind of environmental protection cheaply is imperative.
(Biofloc technology BFT) can solve the environmental constraints that culture fishery faces and the problem of feed cost for bioflocculation technology.Bioflocculation is the process of the inorganic nitrogen assimilation of microorganism, and ammonia nitrogen etc. is changed into bacterial components.Have a large amount of heterotrophic bacterias in the breeding water body, its propagation needs carbon source and nitrogenous source, and nitrogenous source is the fish ammonia nitrogen abundance of draining and organic carbon source lacks relatively in the breeding water body, and this just needs to replenish the propagation that a certain amount of carbon source promotes heterotrophic bacteria.If the C/N ratio in the water body is kept the balance of certain level, the biomass that the ammonia nitrogen in the water body can directly change into heterotrophic bacteria through the mode of bioflocculation is removed, thereby improves water quality.Heterotrophic bacteria breeding ratio nitrification oxygen demand is low, and growth rate of heterotrophic bacteria and the about 10 times of autotrophic bacterias that are higher than the nitrifying bacteria class of biomass, so the heterotrophism ammonia conversion that realizes through bioflocculation obviously transforms faster than the ammonia that nitrification realizes.These bacteriums are as a kind of microbial flocculant; Can flocculate into graininess mutually with particle in the water body, bacterium, dissolved organic matter etc., size forms flco from 0.1 to several millimeters; The new flco that forms is nutritious; Nutrient composition contents such as its crude protein are suitable with feed, can be ingested once more by cultivated animals, realize the dual utilization of feed.So,, have good ecological benefits and economic benefit with bioflocculation technical application the innovating technologies of a kind of beyond doubt " doulbe-sides' victory " in the aquaculture; Both can the purifying aquaculture water environment; Can improve efficiency of feed utilization again, reduce production costs, promote the sustainable development of culture fishery.But the application in Tilapia mossambica is cultured does not also appear in the newspapers about the microorganism flocculation technique at present.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to deficiency of the prior art, a kind of method that carbon source reduces the Tilapia mossambica feed coefficient of in breeding water body, adding is provided.
One purpose more of the present invention is that a kind of purposes of starch is provided.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of method of in breeding water body, adding carbon source reduction Tilapia mossambica feed coefficient, described method are to splash to the breed pond every day to account for the starch of whole day feedstuff feeding amount mass percent 25%-35%.
Described starch is after throwing something and feeding feed every day, to splash, and splash once every day.
Be behind the feed of throwing something and feeding in the 1h behind the described feed of throwing something and feeding.
Described starch be with behind the water mixing of pond again to full pool spilling head.
For realizing above-mentioned second purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
The application of starch in reducing the Tilapia mossambica feed coefficient.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, the present invention is through adding starch in the Tilapia mossambica breeding water body; Offer heterotrophic bacteria organic carbon source in the breeding water body; Make its starch that can utilize ammonia nitrogen and interpolation in the water body generate new bacterioprotein, and then reduced the ammonia nitrogen concentration of water body, improve water quality; Reduced and changed the waterside number, weakened the dependence of breeding process water resource;
2, the present invention can generate nutritious flco through bioflocculation, and these flcos can be ingested by Tilapia mossambica once more, have improved efficiency of feed utilization, have reduced the feedstuff feeding amount, have reduced the demand of feed production process to the fish meal and the fish oil of protein source;
3, the present invention has significant ecological effect, is a kind of effective sustainable breeding way, and simple to operate, is suitable for extensive popularization.
Embodiment
Elaborate in the face of embodiment provided by the invention down.
Embodiment 1
1, experiment place: the outdoor breeding pond of Fengxian, Shanghai City district one aquaculture base.
2, culture the pond condition: big or small 16m
2, breeding water is a river course water, depth of water 0.85m cultures the pond and establishes 0.125 kilowatt bottom oxygen replenishing equipment, and independently supply and drain water system is arranged.
3, cultural method
3.1 culture the pond sterilization
Use chlorine dioxide, according to 2g/m
3The consumption strictness is scrubbed sterilization and is cultured the pond, totally injects breeding water with flushing with clean water.
3.2 fingerling stocking
The Tilapia mossambica of test is the same a collection of fry that hatches then, and behind the temporarily foster 7d, even, the healthy individuality of random choose size experimentizes in cement pit, and every fry body weight is 10.5 ± 0.2g.After the no abnormal phenomenon of fish 48h in cement pit of trying the water, cloth fish in enormous quantities.The service property (quality) mark is 2% saline solution dipping bath fish body 5-10min sterilization before the seed lower storage reservoir, puts in a suitable place to breed the fine morning, and breeding density is 6 tails/m
2
The management 3.3 throw something and feed
(1) mode of throwing something and feeding: manual work is thrown something and fed;
(2) feed formula: the fish baby fry expanding compound feed that uses the big feed corporation,Ltd in sea, Jiangmen to produce;
(3) throw something and feed number of times and feeding volume:
Control group (do not reduce the feedstuff feeding amount, also do not add the starch group): one day 2 times, the time of throwing something and feeding every day is point-9 points in the mornings 8, afternoons 3 point-4 point, feeding volume accounts for 10% of fish body weight;
Experimental group (reduces the feedstuff feeding amount; Add the starch group simultaneously): basically with control group 1; Difference is to reduce feedstuff feeding amount to 75%; Simultaneously every morning throws something and feeds in the feed 0.5h 25% starch (purchasing Zheng Sheng De Industrial Co., Ltd. in Shanghai) of the whole day feedstuff feeding amount pond water mixing with 50 times of starch volumes, full pool spilling head.
3.4 raising condition management
Experimental session aerator 24h oxygenation, water is not changed in not medication.Control group and experimental group respectively do three parallel.
1.4 index determining
After raising 36d; Measure the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body; Tilapia mossambica survival rate and rate of body weight gain and feed coefficient and protein utilization; Investigate and add the influence of starch to breeding water body water quality, Tilapia mossambica growing state and food utilization situation, the result is as shown in table 1.
Each index determining result one of table 1 water body and Tilapia mossambica
| Measurement index | Control group | Experimental group |
| Ammonia nitrogen concentration (mg/L) | 1.143 | 0.876* |
| Nitrite nitrogen concentration (mg/L) | 0.023 | 0.005 |
| Nitrate nitrogen concentration (mg/L) | 0.307 | 0.175 |
| Total nitrogen concentration (mg/L) | 4.748 | 2.768 |
| Total phosphorus concentration (mg/L) | 0.503 | 0.304 |
| Survival rate (%) | 100 | 100 |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 770 | 740 |
| Feed coefficient | 0.89 | 0.80* |
| Protein utilization rate (%) | 3.20 | 3.58* |
Annotate: * represent P 0.05, have significant difference.
Embodiment 2
1, experiment place: the outdoor breeding pond of Fengxian, Shanghai City district one aquaculture base.
2, culture the pond condition: big or small 16m
2, breeding water is a river course water, depth of water 0.9m cultures the pond and establishes 0.125 kilowatt bottom oxygen replenishing equipment, and independently supply and drain water system is arranged.
3, cultural method
3.1 culture the pond sterilization
Use chlorine dioxide, according to 2g/m
3The consumption strictness is scrubbed sterilization and is cultured the pond, totally injects breeding water with flushing with clean water.
3.2 fingerling stocking
The Tilapia mossambica of test is the same a collection of fry that hatches then, and behind the temporarily foster 7d, even, the healthy individuality of random choose size experimentizes in cement pit, and every fry body weight is 10.5 ± 0.2g.After the no abnormal phenomenon of fish 48h in cement pit of trying the water, cloth fish in enormous quantities.The saline solution dipping bath fish body 5-10min of service property (quality) mark 4% sterilization before the seed lower storage reservoir was put in a suitable place to breed the fine morning, and breeding density is 8 tails/m
2
The management 3.3 throw something and feed
(1) mode of throwing something and feeding: manual work is thrown something and fed;
(2) feed formula: the fish baby fry expanding compound feed that uses the big feed corporation,Ltd in sea, Jiangmen to produce;
(3) throw something and feed number of times and feeding volume:
Control group (do not reduce the feedstuff feeding amount, also do not add the starch group): one day 2 times, the time of throwing something and feeding every day is point-9 points in the mornings 8, afternoons 3 point-4 point, feeding volume accounts for 8% of fish body weight;
Experimental group (reduces the feedstuff feeding amount; Add the starch group simultaneously): basically with control group 1; Difference is to reduce feedstuff feeding amount to 80%; Simultaneously every morning throws something and feeds in the feed 1h 35% starch (purchasing Zheng Sheng De Industrial Co., Ltd. in Shanghai) of the whole day feedstuff feeding amount pond water mixing with 100 times of starch volumes, full pool spilling head.
3.4 raising condition management
Experimental session aerator 24h oxygenation, water is not changed in not medication.Control group and experimental group respectively do three parallel.
1.4 index determining
After raising 40d; Measure the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body; Tilapia mossambica survival rate and rate of body weight gain and feed coefficient and protein utilization; Investigate and add the influence of starch to breeding water body water quality, Tilapia mossambica growing state and food utilization situation, the result is as shown in table 2.
Each index determining result two of table 2 water body and Tilapia mossambica
| Measurement index | Control group | Experimental group |
| Ammonia nitrogen concentration (mg/L) | 1.230 | 1.099* |
| Nitrite nitrogen concentration (mg/L) | 0.245 | 0.012 |
| Nitrate nitrogen concentration (mg/L) | 0.315 | 0.256 |
| Total nitrogen concentration (mg/L) | 4.814 | 4.583 |
| Total phosphorus concentration (mg/L) | 0.563 | 0.608 |
| Survival rate (%) | 100 | 100 |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 830 | 820 |
| Feed coefficient | 0.91 | 0.77* |
| Protein utilization rate (%) | 3.13 | 3.71* |
Annotate: * representes P<0.05, have significant difference.
Embodiment 3
1, experiment place: the outdoor breeding pond of Fengxian, Shanghai City district one aquaculture base.
2, culture the pond condition: big or small 16m
2, breeding water is a river course water, depth of water 0.8m cultures the pond and establishes 0.125 kilowatt bottom oxygen replenishing equipment, and independently supply and drain water system is arranged.
3, cultural method
3.1 culture the pond sterilization
Use chlorine dioxide, according to 2g/m
3The consumption strictness is scrubbed sterilization and is cultured the pond, totally injects breeding water with flushing with clean water.
3.2 fingerling stocking
The Tilapia mossambica of test is the same a collection of fry that hatches then, and behind the temporarily foster 7d, even, the healthy individuality of random choose size experimentizes in cement pit, and every fry body weight is 10.5 ± 0.2g.After the no abnormal phenomenon of fish 48h in cement pit of trying the water, cloth fish in enormous quantities.The saline solution dipping bath fish body 5-10min of service property (quality) mark 3% sterilization before the seed lower storage reservoir was put in a suitable place to breed the fine morning, and breeding density is 7 tails/m
2
The management 3.3 throw something and feed
(1) mode of throwing something and feeding: manual work is thrown something and fed;
(2) feed formula: the fish baby fry expanding compound feed that uses the big feed corporation,Ltd in sea, Jiangmen to produce;
(3) throw something and feed number of times and feeding volume:
Control group (do not reduce the feedstuff feeding amount, also do not add the starch group): one day 2 times, the time of throwing something and feeding every day is point-9 points in the mornings 8, afternoons 3 point-4 point, feeding volume accounts for 9% of fish body weight;
Experimental group (reduces the feedstuff feeding amount; Add the starch group simultaneously): basically with control group 1; Difference is to reduce feedstuff feeding amount to 77%; Simultaneously every morning throws something and feeds behind the feed immediately 30% starch (purchasing Zheng Sheng De Industrial Co., Ltd. in Shanghai) of the whole day feedstuff feeding amount pond water mixing with 30 times of starch volumes, full pool spilling head.
3.4 raising condition management
Experimental session aerator 24h oxygenation, water is not changed in not medication.Control group and experimental group respectively do three parallel.
1.4 index determining
After raising 38d; Measure the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body; Tilapia mossambica survival rate and rate of body weight gain and feed coefficient and protein utilization; Investigate and add the influence of starch to breeding water body water quality, Tilapia mossambica growing state and food utilization situation, the result is as shown in table 3.
Each index determining result three of table 3 water body and Tilapia mossambica
| Measurement index | Control group | Experimental group |
| Ammonia nitrogen concentration (mg/L) | 1.189 | 1.025* |
| Nitrite nitrogen concentration (mg/L) | 0.152 | 0.008 |
| Nitrate nitrogen concentration (mg/L) | 0.312 | 0.197 |
| Total nitrogen concentration (mg/L) | 4.785 | 3.247 |
| Total phosphorus concentration (mg/L) | 0.548 | 0.403 |
| Survival rate (%) | 100 | 100 |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 790 | 770 |
| Feed coefficient | 0.90 | 0.78* |
| Protein utilization rate (%) | 3.17 | 3.68* |
Annotate: * representes P<0.05, have significant difference.
Can find out by above embodiment,, can effectively reduce ammonia nitrogen in the water body, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration through the starch of in the Tilapia mossambica breeding water body, splashing; Improve cultivate water, the Tilapia mossambica growing state is good simultaneously, and survival rate is 100%; Rate of body weight gain is 740%-810%, and growth rate does not significantly reduce because of the minimizing of feedstuff feeding amount, and the food utilization situation is good; Feed coefficient significantly reduces, and is merely 0.77-0.80, has also significantly improved protein utilization simultaneously.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the inventive method; Can also make some improvement and replenish, these improvement and replenish and also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is added the method that carbon source reduces the Tilapia mossambica feed coefficient in breeding water body, it is characterized in that, described method is to splash to the breed pond every day to account for the starch of whole day feedstuff feeding amount mass percent 25%-35%.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described starch is behind the feed of throwing something and feeding, to splash, and splash once every day.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, is behind the feed of throwing something and feeding in the 1h behind the described feed of throwing something and feeding.
4. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described starch be with behind the water mixing of pond again to full pool spilling head.
5. the application of starch in reducing the Tilapia mossambica feed coefficient.
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| CN2012100038438A CN102511429A (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2012-01-09 | Method for reducing feed coefficient of Tilapia mossambica through adding carbon source in culture water |
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| CN2012100038438A CN102511429A (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2012-01-09 | Method for reducing feed coefficient of Tilapia mossambica through adding carbon source in culture water |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105230548A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-01-13 | 上海海洋大学 | Tilapia high yield breeding method |
| CN108496857A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-09-07 | 广州普麟生物制品有限公司 | A kind of closed zero-emission batch production method for breeding tilapia |
| CN111056609A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-24 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | Application method of dialdehyde starch in shrimp culture |
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| KR100922481B1 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2009-10-21 | 한국농어촌공사 | A denitrification system using indigenous heterotrophic microorgnism with a controlled release molasses barriers |
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2012
- 2012-01-09 CN CN2012100038438A patent/CN102511429A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR100922481B1 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2009-10-21 | 한국농어촌공사 | A denitrification system using indigenous heterotrophic microorgnism with a controlled release molasses barriers |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| M.E.AZIM等: "The biofloc technology (BFT) in indoor tanks: Water quality, biofloc composition, and growth and welfare of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)", 《AQUACULTURE》, vol. 283, no. 14, 1 October 2008 (2008-10-01), pages 29 - 35 * |
| YORAM AVNIMELECH: "Carbon/nitrogen ratio as a control element in aquaculture systems", 《AQUACULTURE》, vol. 176, no. 34, 15 June 1999 (1999-06-15), pages 227 - 235 * |
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| 李彦等: "罗非鱼养殖水体中添加碳源对水质及生长的影响", 《渔业科技创新与发展方式转变-2011年中国水产学会学术年会论文摘要集》, 16 November 2011 (2011-11-16), pages 315 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105230548A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-01-13 | 上海海洋大学 | Tilapia high yield breeding method |
| CN105230548B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-11-09 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of Tilapia mossambica high-yield cultivation method |
| CN108496857A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-09-07 | 广州普麟生物制品有限公司 | A kind of closed zero-emission batch production method for breeding tilapia |
| CN111056609A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-24 | 天津海友佳音生物科技股份有限公司 | Application method of dialdehyde starch in shrimp culture |
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Application publication date: 20120627 |