CN102524133A - Method for breeding chubs and bighead carps in reservoirs or lakes - Google Patents

Method for breeding chubs and bighead carps in reservoirs or lakes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102524133A
CN102524133A CN2012100299851A CN201210029985A CN102524133A CN 102524133 A CN102524133 A CN 102524133A CN 2012100299851 A CN2012100299851 A CN 2012100299851A CN 201210029985 A CN201210029985 A CN 201210029985A CN 102524133 A CN102524133 A CN 102524133A
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water
organic fertilizer
breeding
fertilizer
biological organic
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CN102524133B (en
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陈鹏飞
伍莉
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Southwest University
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Southwest University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding chubs and bighead carps in reservoirs or lakes, which comprises the following: 1, a step of breeding fish seeds outside cages, wherein the number or weight of bighead carps is 80 percent or more based on the total number or weight of chubs and bighead carps; 2, a step of applying a biological organic fertilizer, wherein the biological organic fertilizer is a biological organic fertilizer with high water suspending performance or a biological organic fertilizer subjected to innocent treatment; and 3, a step of microecological water regulation, which is to test the change in ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in water periodically and to condition water with photosynthetic bacteria or effective microorganisms (EM) if the ammonia nitrogen increases or with bacillus if the nitrite increases or to use photosynthetic bacteria every 15 to 20 days to retain the fertile, active and cool characteristics of aquaculture water. According to the method, the conventional breeding ratio is reversed, namely the breeding ratio of bighead carps reaches 80 to 90 percent, water is conditioned by using biological organic fertilizer or organic fertilizer water subjected to innocent treatment and microecological preparation, fish products which are mainly bighead carps are bred, the accumulation of waste from livestock breeding is reduced, the purification of environment is promoted, the blind use of inorganic fertilizer in water is reduced, the water environment is protected and the development of the water environment is promoted.

Description

Silver carp, bighead cultural method in a kind of reservoir, the lake
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, be specifically related to the cultural method of silver carp, bighead.
Background technology
The technology that the landlocked big water surface (mainly referring to reservoir, lake) of China is propagated employing artificially is to be main to put the silver carp bighead in a suitable place to breed; Appropriateness fertilising with in time fish for etc.; The distinguishing feature of this traditional aquaculture model is that the main body of putting in a suitable place to breed is silver carp (is commonly called as silver carp, jumps silver carp etc.), and its ratio is up to 80%～90%, and the ratio of stocking of flathead (being commonly called as variegated carp, major part silver carp etc.) is extremely low; Usually in 10%, minority can reach 20%.This traditional structure of putting in a suitable place to breed causes landlocked big flood to look unfamiliar in the fishery-ies product that produces, and main body is a silver carp, but the demand to flathead is bigger again in the consumption market, and imbalance between supply and demand is outstanding, and the market price of flathead can be in any more, and its price is more than a times of silver carp.But simply improve the ratio of stocking of flathead, most waters and culturist fail to obtain desirable culture efficiency and benefit, so after thinking that the ratio of flathead improves, the growth rate of flathead is extremely slow, the culture-cycle prolongs 1～2 times and all can not reach the listing specification.This traditional aquaculture model causes culture benefit low, and the demand and supply contraction is outstanding, and economic benefit is not remarkable.
In addition, existing cultural method is to silver carp needed the bait----phytoplankton that grows; Then apply a large amount of inorganic fertilizer (or claim chemical fertilizer, like urea, carbon ammonium, cross calcium etc.) in process of production, a large amount of inorganic fertilizer (or claiming chemical fertilizer) can only part be utilized and then be converted into fishery-ies product by phytoplankton after applying water body; Under more then in water body, depositing; Accumulate over a long period, cause body eutrophication, show blue-green algae and take place frequently; Culture benefit is more and more lower, and breeding environment pollutes and is on the rise.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that prior art exists, propose silver carp bighead artificial cultivating method in a kind of reservoir, the lake, through the ratio of stocking (ratio of stocking that is about to the silver carp bighead reverses) of adjustment silver carp bighead; Use biological organic fertilizer to breed the natural bait----zooplankton of bighead growth; Be used in combination probiotics and regulate water quality, reach that bighead output reaches more than 90% in the fishery-ies product, improve and culture comprehensive benefit; Prevent water pollution, make and culture the waters sustainable development.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
1, fingerling stocking: year fish for number of times according to waters concrete condition and operator, confirm stocking rate (specification and quantity) with batch, pay special attention to bighead put in a suitable place to breed quantity or weight account for put in a suitable place to breed silver carp flathead total amount 80% or more than.
2, biological organic fertilizer uses: select the biological organic fertilizer (in water body suspension time the longer the better) of the buoyancy or half buoyancy of the usefulness of breeding fish for use or through the fertilizer (like the feces of livestock and poultry behind the aerobic fermentation) of harmless treatment, the continuous 3d of annual water temperature in April reach can begin more than 15 ℃ to throw fertile.Select the fine 9:00 that water is clear, stormy waves is little～14:00 fertilising.The general fertilising cycle of bio-fertilizer: 15～20 ℃ of water temperatures, about 10d 1 time; 20～25 ℃ of water temperatures, about 7d 1 time; 25～32 ℃ of water temperatures, about 5d 1 time.November, because water temperature is lower, catches up with to catch in addition and wait fishing operation, generally stop to apply fertilizer.It is 4m with interior, no pasture and water, the water surface is open and illumination is sufficient phytal zone that fertilising zone should be controlled at the depth of water, and area accounts for about 1/3 of water body, and the fish growth busy season is extended to about 1/2.According to the water transparency usage amount is 2～5 kilograms/mu, and the big usage amount of transparency is also big, otherwise then usage amount is low.
3, little ecological water transfer: every first quarter moon is measured the variation of water body ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, like ammonia nitrogen photosynthetic bacteria water transfer (viable count>=3 * 10 of then using in rising trend 8Cfu/g (ml) uses 1000g (ml)/mu for the first time. rice, reduce by half later on, used once in 15～20 days at interval), make that ammonia nitrogen content is lower than 0.2mg/l in the water body, in rising trend like nitrite, then select bacillus water transfer (thalline quantity>=1 * 10 for use 8Cfu/g, gemma rate>=80%, usage amount 100～200g/ mu makes cultivation water nitrite content be lower than 0.1 mg/l); There is not significant change like ammonia nitrogen in the water body and nitrite; Then regularly use photosynthetic bacteria in 15～20 days, keep breeding water body to have fertilizer (transparency 30～50cm), live (water colour has diurnal variation), feel well (suspension except that plankton be'ss few) characteristic in a word.
4, daily management: the same with conventional cultivation, note antitheft, put and escape, change based on fish growth state and water colour, in time adjust the breed measure.Surpass 200 kilograms/mu like breeding density than big or design output, then should increase the artificial feed of throwing the bighead special use in 8～October.
5, product is fished for and gone on the market: can in time fish for according to the acceptance requirements and the market price of selling market, listing in batches is to obtain maximum economic benefits.
The fertilizer of biological organic fertilizer of said buoyancy or half buoyancy (fertilizer suspension time in water body is longer) or process harmless treatment can be selected self-control for use or select for use the fishing of productions such as river, Chongqing symphysis thing scientific & technical corporation, Yongfeng, Chongqing ecological agriculture comprehensive exploitation Co., Ltd, Beijing Whiskas Sheng Bang Bioisystech Co., Ltd to use biological organic fertilizer.
The distinguishing feature of present technique is that traditional ratio of stocking is reversed fully; The ratio of stocking that is flathead is up to 80～90%; Utilize biological organic fertilizer or, cooperate used for aquiculture probiotics (like photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus etc.) water transfer, can put in a suitable place to breed under the constant condition of total amount (specification, quantity), culture-cycle through the fertilizer rich water of harmless treatment; Obtaining to culture with the flathead is the fishery-ies product of main body, and culture benefit improves 1～2 times.
In addition, utilize through the feces of livestock and poultry of harmless treatment and culture bighead, reduced the accumulation of livestock and poultry cultivation discarded object on the one hand, promoted the purification of environment, the favorable environment protection; Greatly reduce the blindness of inorganic fertilizer (or claiming chemical fertilizer) in water body on the other hand and used, protected water environment, promoted the sustainable development of water environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment process in detail:
Embodiment 1:
Cultured area: 5700 mu
Mean depth of water: 2.5 meters
Annual production: 110～1,400,000 jin (about 200 jin of per mu yields).
Rise and catch specification: 4 jin
Seed is put in a suitable place to breed: put 0.8～1.5 jin of fingerling 300,000 tail in a suitable place to breed (wherein about variegated carp 280,000 tails the annual beginning of the year; Silver carp 30,000 tails).
Fertilising situation: annual bottom application in first year foot base manure (through the feces of livestock and poultry of harmless treatment, general 300 tons/year);
Begin fertilising at the beginning of second year 5 months by the end of April, general to by the end of July, it (mainly is urea CO (NH that this some months is mainly executed inorganic fertilizer 2) 2, MAP NH 4H 2PO 4), common 1 kilogram every mu (decide according to water transparency, executed once in general 5～7 days, the control transparency is at 30～50 centimetres);
Use biological organic fertilizer (organic more than 30%, nitrogen phosphorus nutrient about 15%, as the product of selecting for use river, Chongqing symphysis thing scientific & technical corporation to produce) 8～November, 2 kilograms every mu.Common about 7 days (rainy day stops using or postpones) fertilising once.
Execute microbial bacterial agent every month in 8～November and once (select bacillus for use, thalline quantity>=1 * 10 8Cfu/g, gemma rate>=80%, usage amount 100～200g/ mu).
Performance analysis:
Drop into: 300 tons * 400 yuan/ton=120,000 yuan in base manure
300,000 jin * 3 yuan/jin=900,000 yuan in seed
Inorganic fertilizer: 45 tons * 1200 yuan/ton=5.4 ten thousand yuan
Biological organic fertilizer: 230 tons * 2500 yuan/ton=57.5 ten thousand yuan
2 tons * 10000 yuan/ton=20,000 yuan of microbial bacterial agents
Amount to 1,670,000 (disregarding administrative expenses)
Income: 1,200,000 jin * 5 yuan/jin=6,000,000 yuan
Gross profit: 4,330,000 yuan
Embodiment 2:
Cultured area: 300 mu
Mean depth of water: 15 meters
Annual production: 100,000 jin (350 jin of per mu yields)
Rise and catch specification: 3 jin
Seed is put in a suitable place to breed: put 0.5～1 jin of fingerling 30,000 tail in a suitable place to breed (wherein about variegated carp 2.6 ten thousand tails the annual end of the year; Silver carp 0.5 ten thousand tails).
Fertilising situation: begin fertilising April (water temperature is increased to 15 ℃～17 ℃), apply fertilizer by the end of November always.Use buoyancy or half buoyancy biological organic fertilizer (organic more than 30%, nitrogen phosphorus nutrient about 15%, the product that can select for use river, Chongqing symphysis thing scientific & technical corporation to produce) whole year.Each 4 kilograms/mu, fertilising in general 6～7 days is (rainy day stops using or postpones and using) once.First quarter moon is measured the variation of water body ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, controls and makes that ammonia nitrogen content is lower than 0.2mg/l in the water body, and content of nitrite is lower than 0.1 mg/l.Annual with 50 tons of organic bio-fertilizers; 1200 kilograms of (viable count>=3 * 10 of photosynthetic bacteria 8Cfu/g (ml) brings into use (use 1000g (ml)/mu for the first time, reduce by half later on, used once in 15～20 days at interval) June
Performance analysis:
Income: 100,000 jin * 4.5 yuan/jin=450,000 yuan
Drop into: 1200 kilograms * 3.5 yuan/kilogram=0.42 ten thousand yuan of 50 tons * 2500 yuan/ton=120,000 yuan photosynthetic bacterias of seed 20,000 jin * 4 yuan=80,000 element fertilizers
Amount to 20.42 ten thousand yuan (not containing management cost)
Gross profit: 24.58 ten thousand yuan
Embodiment 3:
Cultured area: 8000 mu
Mean depth of water: 3.5 meters
Annual production: 1,840,000 jin (230 jin of per mu yields)
Rise and catch specification: 3 jin
Seed is put in a suitable place to breed: put 0.5～1 jin of fingerling 60～650,000 tails in a suitable place to breed (wherein about variegated carp 500,000 tails the annual end of the year; Silver carp 10～150,000 tails).
Fertilising situation: begin fertilising at the beginning of 5 months, apply fertilizer by the end of October always.Use biological organic fertilizer (organic more than 45%, nitrogen phosphorus nutrient about 6%, the product that can select for use Yongfeng, Chongqing ecological agriculture comprehensive exploitation Co., Ltd to produce) whole year, the usefulness of perhaps breeding fish.Each 4～6 kilograms/mu, fertilising in general 5～7 days is (rainy day stops using or postpones and using) once.Measure the variation of water body ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in every month, use 50 tons of ((viable count>=3 * 10 of self-control photosynthetic bacteria 8Cfu/g (ml), 1.5 ten thousand yuan of costs of material), control and make that ammonia nitrogen content is lower than 0.2mg/l in the water body, content of nitrite is lower than 0.1 mg/l.Annual with 1400 tons of biological organic fertilizers.
Performance analysis:
Income: 1,840,000 jin * 4.5 yuan/jin=8,280,000 yuan
Drop into: 1400 tons * 1300 yuan/ton=1,820,000 yuan of seed 350,000 jin * 4 yuan=1,400,000 element fertilizers
1.5 ten thousand yuan of self-control photosynthetic bacteria costs
Amount to 323.5 ten thousand yuan (not containing management cost)
Gross profit: 5,000,000 yuan.

Claims (2)

1. silver carp bighead cultural method in a reservoir, the lake, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) fingerling stocking: year fish for number of times according to waters concrete condition and operator, confirm stocking rate with batch, wherein bighead put in a suitable place to breed quantity or weight account for put in a suitable place to breed silver carp flathead total amount 80% or more than;
(2) biological organic fertilizer uses: select for use the usefulness of breeding fish buoyancy or half buoyancy biological organic fertilizer or through the fertilizer of harmless treatment, the fertilising cycle: 15～20 ℃ of water temperatures, about 10d 1 time; 20～25 ℃ of water temperatures, about 7d 1 time; 25～32 ℃ of water temperatures, about 5d 1 time; It is 4m with interior, no pasture and water, the water surface is open and illumination is sufficient phytal zone that fertilising zone is controlled at the depth of water, and area accounts for about 1/3 of water body, and the fish growth busy season is extended to about 1/2; According to the water transparency usage amount is 2～5 kilograms/mu, and the big usage amount of transparency is also big, otherwise then usage amount is low;
(3) little ecological water transfer: every first quarter moon is measured the variation of water body ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, like ammonia nitrogen photosynthetic bacteria water transfer, viable count>=3 * 10 of then using in rising trend 8Cfu/g (ml) uses 1000g (ml)/mu for the first time. rice, reduce by half later on, and used once in 15～20 days at interval, make that ammonia nitrogen content is lower than 0.2mg/l in the water body; In rising trend like nitrite, then select the bacillus water transfer for use, thalline quantity>=1 * 10 8Cfu/g, gemma rate>=80%, usage amount 100～200g/ mu makes cultivation water nitrite content be lower than 0.1 mg/l; Do not have significant change like ammonia nitrogen in the water body and nitrite, then regularly used photosynthetic bacteria in 15～20 days, keep breeding water body to have fertilizer in a word, promptly transparency 30～50cm lives, and promptly water colour has diurnal variation, and is refreshing, i.e. the few characteristic of suspension except that plankton;
(4) daily management.
2. silver carp bighead cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said fertilizer through harmless treatment is meant the feces of livestock and poultry behind the aerobic fermentation.
CN2012100299851A 2012-02-11 2012-02-11 Method for breeding chubs and bighead carps in reservoirs or lakes Expired - Fee Related CN102524133B (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103098725A (en) * 2012-07-20 2013-05-15 舒城县万佛湖渔业总公司 Large-area ecological fish culture method in reservoir
CN103109753A (en) * 2013-02-28 2013-05-22 谢建福 Method for constructing platform by building sheds on water surface for culturing poultry and fish
CN103120137A (en) * 2012-12-24 2013-05-29 广西江海渔业开发有限责任公司 Method of cultivating silver carps and bighead carps with organic fertilizer coordinated with biological fish fertilizer
CN104041445A (en) * 2014-07-09 2014-09-17 湖北省科兴水产养殖有限公司 Large-water-surface low-cost healthy high-efficiency bighead cultivating method
CN104509471A (en) * 2014-12-30 2015-04-15 杨彪 High-yield culture method of spotted silver carps

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101037257A (en) * 2007-02-28 2007-09-19 哈尔滨工业大学 Silver carp, bighead carp and cladophora united algae control method
CN101654301A (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-02-24 上海海洋大学 Water conservation fishery method capable of improving water quality of lakes and reservoirs intermediately and lightly eutrophicated

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101037257A (en) * 2007-02-28 2007-09-19 哈尔滨工业大学 Silver carp, bighead carp and cladophora united algae control method
CN101654301A (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-02-24 上海海洋大学 Water conservation fishery method capable of improving water quality of lakes and reservoirs intermediately and lightly eutrophicated

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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王磊: "水库鲢鳙鱼健康高产养殖技术", 《河南水产》 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103098725A (en) * 2012-07-20 2013-05-15 舒城县万佛湖渔业总公司 Large-area ecological fish culture method in reservoir
CN103120137A (en) * 2012-12-24 2013-05-29 广西江海渔业开发有限责任公司 Method of cultivating silver carps and bighead carps with organic fertilizer coordinated with biological fish fertilizer
CN103109753A (en) * 2013-02-28 2013-05-22 谢建福 Method for constructing platform by building sheds on water surface for culturing poultry and fish
CN104041445A (en) * 2014-07-09 2014-09-17 湖北省科兴水产养殖有限公司 Large-water-surface low-cost healthy high-efficiency bighead cultivating method
CN104041445B (en) * 2014-07-09 2015-11-25 湖北省科兴水产养殖有限公司 The method of large water surface low cost efficient and healthful cultivation bighead
CN104509471A (en) * 2014-12-30 2015-04-15 杨彪 High-yield culture method of spotted silver carps

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