CN108046520B - Low-cost and low-irritation biological flocculation aquaculture method - Google Patents
Low-cost and low-irritation biological flocculation aquaculture method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 31
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006262 high density polyethylene film Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound CC(O)CC(O)=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001397 Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001651 autotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000251511 Holothuroidea Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
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- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000252229 Carassius auratus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252210 Cyprinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000720946 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Species 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000269319 Squalius cephalus Species 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000022558 protein metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2846—Anaerobic digestion processes using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket [UASB] reactors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost and low-stimulation bioflocculation aquaculture method, wherein 1/4-1/3 flocs and aquaculture water are discharged from the bottom of a bioflocculation-aquaculture pond to a sedimentation tank every 72 hours, and the discharged flocs and water are kept stand in the sedimentation tank for 40-50 hours to reduce the dissolved oxygen to be below 0.2 mg/L; adding the treated new water into the blending tank from the top while discharging the floccule and the culture water from the culture tank; pumping culture water and floccules discharged from a sedimentation tank into a UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) by a peristaltic pump, wherein the UASB reactor needs to be started in advance, receiving mixed liquid discharged from the sedimentation tank after the UASB reactor is started, and keeping the mixed liquid at room temperature for 10 hours by waterpower; precipitating for 2 hours after the nitrate concentration in UASB is stable, returning the supernatant to the blending tank, aerating, and supplementing sodium bicarbonate to 300mg/L CaCO3And (4) alkalinity, and temperature adjustment, and then, reserving the water to the culture pond. The invention can reduce the cost of adding baking soda, quicklime and the like to adjust the alkalinity of the water body of the biological flocculation-aquaculture system and the stimulation to cultured animals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bioflocculation-aquaculture technology, in particular to a low-cost and low-stimulation bioflocculation aquaculture method.
Background
The intensive production mode obviously increases the stocking density of aquaculture and the put amount of high-protein feed. Ammonia nitrogen is the end product of protein metabolism. It is estimated that ammonia nitrogen production is about 9.2% of the feed protein fed. The accumulation of ammonia nitrogen can directly inhibit the growth of the cultured animals and reduce the survival rate of the cultured animals. The concentration of the non-ionic ammonia in the aquaculture water body specified in the water quality standard of fishery in China cannot exceed 0.02 mg/L. Therefore, ammonia nitrogen is one of the key indexes for controlling the aquaculture water environment.
Measures for controlling ammonia nitrogen accumulation in different culture modes are different. The pond culture mainly oxidizes ammonia nitrogen into nitrate through a nitrification process, and the photoautotrophic algae can also directly assimilate ammonia nitrogen and nitrate. The typical recirculating aquaculture system utilizes a biofilm reactor to convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate through an autotrophic nitrification process and then directly discharges or denitrifying the nitrate into nitrogen. The biological floc-aquaculture mode is realized by regulating and controlling Carbon (Carbon, C)/nitrogen (N)itrogen, N) (C/N, w/w), promote heterotrophic bacteria dominant growth and with ammonia nitrogen in the water assimilate as microbial biomass, further form by bacterium, organic granule, extracellular polymeric substance and protozoan biological flocculation group that makes up, biological flocculation group can be eaten by the filter feeding culture object directly, has both saved water purification equipment, can realize the reuse of protein in the feed again, has been proved to have a lot of advantages: can realize tilapia (Oreochromyis nilotius) (44.5 kg/m)3) Litopenaeus vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) (10 kg/m)3) The higher-density closed culture of aquatic animals can obviously improve the digestive ability and the immunity of cultured objects, can obviously improve the utilization efficiency of feed protein, and the like. Aquatic researchers in China have applied the biological floc technology to filter feeding and omnivorous breeding objects such as carps (Cyprinus carpio), chubs (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), crucians (Carassius auratus) and sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea), and good research results are obtained.
The technical core of the biological floc-aquaculture is to improve C/N to promote heterotrophic bacteria to grow predominantly, so that ammonia nitrogen is assimilated and not nitrified. However, researchers have found that even if the C/N of the input is above 15 or the Total Ammonium Nitrate (TAN) in the water is above 10, significant nitrate accumulation may still occur in the biological floc-aquaculture system, indicating that significant autotrophic nitrification processes have occurred. Research shows that in the biological flocculation-tilapia culture system, the autotrophic nitrification rate can reach 3mg/L, and the nitrate accumulation rate can reach 15kg/m3After running for 6-7 months, the nitrate can be accumulated to 600-700 mg N/L; the balance of nitrogen calculation indicated that 45% of the N in the feed was present as nitrate, 24% of the N in the harvested tilapia, and 31% of the N in the slab.
Ammonia nitrogen heterotrophic assimilation and/or autotrophic nitrification occurs during the operation of the bioflocculation-aquaculture system, both of which consume alkalinity. Heterotrophic assimilation of bacterial ammonia Nitrogen (NH)4 ++1.18C6H12O6+HCO3 -+2.06O2→C5H7O2N+6.06H2O+3.07CO2) In the process, 3.57g of alkalinity (0.86g of inorganic carbon) is consumed for every 1g of ammonia nitrogen converted; nitration process (NH)4 +-N+1.83O2+1.97HCO3→0.0244C5H7O2N+0.976NO3+1.86CO2+2.90H2O+0.1CH2O) oxidizing 1g of ammonia nitrogen requires the consumption of 7.14g of alkalinity. Therefore, the alkalinity in the bioflocculation-aquaculture system is obviously reduced along with the consumption of the alkalinity, sodium bicarbonate or quicklime needs to be periodically supplemented to the aquaculture water body to supplement the alkalinity, otherwise, the heterotrophic assimilation process and the autotrophic nitrification process are influenced, ammonia nitrogen and nitrous acid are accumulated, and the growth and survival of the aquaculture objects are influenced; the cost for adjusting the alkalinity of the water body of the biological flocculation-aquaculture system by adding the baking soda, the quicklime and the like is higher, and the stimulation to the cultured animals is not negligible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a low-cost and low-stimulation bioflocculation aquaculture method aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a low-cost and low-stimulation bioflocculation aquaculture method, wherein 1/4-1/3 flocs and aquaculture water are discharged from the bottom of a bioflocculation-aquaculture pond to a sedimentation tank (directly discharged without special sedimentation) every 72 hours, and the discharged flocs and water are kept stand in the sedimentation tank for 40-50 hours to reduce the dissolved oxygen to be below 0.2 mg/L; adding the treated new water into the blending tank from the top while discharging the floccule and the culture water from the culture tank; pumping culture water and flocs discharged from a sedimentation tank into an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor by a peristaltic pump, wherein the UASB reactor needs to be started in advance, receiving mixed liquid discharged from the sedimentation tank after the UASB reactor is started, and performing hydraulic retention for 10 hours at room temperature; precipitating for 2 hours after the nitrate concentration in UASB is stable, returning the supernatant to the blending tank, aerating, and supplementing sodium bicarbonate to 300mg/L CaCO3And (4) alkalinity, and temperature adjustment, and then, reserving the water to the culture pond.
The low-cost and low-stimulation biological flocculation aquaculture method has the advantages that the working volume of the sedimentation tank is 1/4-1/3 of the culture tank.
According to the low-cost and low-irritation biological flocculation aquaculture method, the UASB working volume is 1/2 of the aquaculture water body.
The low-cost low-stimulation biological flocculation aquaculture method comprises the following steps of discharging a part of sludge at the bottom of the UASB reactor, reserving a part of sludge, and determining the discharge and retention amount standard: the concentration of total suspended particles in the reactor was 5500 mg/L.
The low-cost and low-stimulation biological flocculation aquaculture method is used for biological flocculation-litopenaeus vannamei culture.
The low-cost and low-irritation biological flocculation aquaculture method is characterized in that a shrimp pond is paved with HDPE films, the length of the HDPE films is 25 meters, the width of the HDPE films is 2.5 meters, a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom, the water level changes by 50-80 centimeters, the effective volume of the shrimp pond is 31.25-50 cubes, a dome-shaped transparent film covers the shrimp pond to preserve heat and transmit light, a dirt collecting hole and a dirt discharging hole are formed in the tail of the shrimp pond, and a net is paved on the surface of the shrimp pond to prevent shrimps from escaping.
The low-cost and low-irritation biological flocculation aquaculture method is characterized in that poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) particles are filled into a gauze bag and are replaced periodically according to the use condition in the aquaculture process; PHB Placement density: every 5 square meters is hung in a bag 10 cm away from the bottom of the pool, and 200g of PHB particles are filled in each bag.
According to the low-cost and low-irritation biological flocculation aquaculture method, after water is disinfected, the Roots blower is fully and uniformly aerated without any dead angle, shrimp feed is added after 3 days for grinding, the shrimp feed is added into a pond according to the concentration of 100mg/L total suspended particulate matter, the water temperature is controlled to be 28-30 ℃ in the whole process, the salinity is 10, and calcium and magnesium are periodically supplemented; when no obvious ammonia nitrogen and nitrite can be detected in the water body, taking the desalted litopenaeus vannamei fry of PL 20 from the shrimp larva pond (salinity 10), and adding the litopenaeus vannamei fry into the shrimp pond; stocking density of 350 tail/m3(ii) a Adjusting the bait feeding amount according to the ingestion condition of the shrimps in the culture process, wherein the initial bait feeding amount is 10 percent and is gradually reduced to 5 percent; feeding shrimp feed; the feed is fed twice a day, 7:00 in the morning and 6:00 in the afternoon.
The method can reduce the cost of adding baking soda, quicklime and the like to adjust the alkalinity of the water body of the biological flocculation-aquaculture system and the stimulation to the cultured animals; the redundant biological floc is used as a denitrification carbon source, so that redundant nitrate can be removed, the recycling rate of the culture water is improved, and the recycling of the biological floc discharged out of the system is realized; the periodic discharge of the redundant flocs can avoid the excessive alkalinity consumption caused by the advantages of the autotrophic nitrification path due to the overhigh concentration of the biological flocs.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Taking bioflocculation-Litopenaeus vannamei farming as an example, 3 shrimp culture ponds are taken as an experimental group, HDPE films of the shrimp ponds are paved at the bottom, the HDPE films are 25 meters long and 2.5 meters wide, a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom, the water level changes by 50-80 centimeters, the effective volume of the shrimp ponds is 31.25-50 cubes, dome-shaped transparent films are covered on the shrimp ponds to preserve heat and transmit light, dirt and sewage collecting holes are formed in the tail parts of the shrimp ponds, and net sheets are paved on the pond surfaces to prevent shrimps from escaping.
Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) particles are filled into a gauze bag and are replaced periodically according to the use condition in the culture process. PHB Placement density: every 5 square meters is hung in a bag 10 cm away from the bottom of the pool, and 200g of PHB particles are filled in each bag. After water disinfection, the Roots blower aerates fully and uniformly without any dead angle, shrimp feed is added after 3 days for grinding, the shrimp feed is added into the pond according to the total suspended particulate matter concentration of 100mg/L, the water temperature is controlled to be 28-30 ℃ in the whole process, the salinity is 10, and calcium and magnesium are supplemented regularly. When no obvious ammonia nitrogen and nitrite can be detected in the water body, taking the desalted litopenaeus vannamei fry of PL 20 from the shrimp larva pond (salinity 10), and adding the litopenaeus vannamei fry into the shrimp pond. Stocking density of 350 tail/m3. In the culture process, the bait feeding amount is adjusted according to the ingestion condition of the shrimps, the initial feeding amount is 10 percent, and the initial feeding amount is gradually reduced to 5 percent. The shrimp feed (crude protein 35%, crude fat 7%, crude fiber content 2%, ash content 9.5%) was fed. Feeding twice a day, 7:00 in the morning and 6:00 in the afternoon, monitoring pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, Dissolved oxygen, Dissolved organic carbon (DO), Floc Volume Index (FVI) daily during cultivation. The weight of the shrimps is measured every seven days to adjust the bait feeding amount, and the culture period is 90 days.
Pumping from the bottom of the culture pond by a peristaltic pump every 3 days in the culture process1/3 culture pond water (mixed floc) is taken and put into a sedimentation tank, the working volume of the sedimentation tank is 1/3 of the culture pond, and the discharged floc and water are kept still in the sedimentation tank for 50 hours to reduce the dissolved oxygen to be below 0.2 mg/L. The flocs and water discharged from the culture pond are added into the fresh water treated in the blending pond from the top. The culture water and the floccules discharged from the sedimentation tank are pumped into an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed reactor (UASB) (the working volume is 1/2 of a culture water body) by a peristaltic pump, the UASB needs to be started in advance, and after the completion, the mixed liquid discharged from the sedimentation tank is received, and the temperature is room temperature, and the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) is 10 hours. Precipitating for 2 hours after the nitrate concentration in UASB is stable, returning the supernatant to the blending tank, aerating, and supplementing sodium bicarbonate to 300mg/L CaCO3Returning to the culture pond after temperature adjustment; the concentration of the total suspended particles in the UASB reactor is 5500mg/L, and the surplus particles are discharged from the bottom of the reactor and stored for other use.
In addition, 3 control ponds are arranged, the concentration of total suspended particulate matters in the culture pond is controlled to be below 200mg/L in the culture process, partial sludge is discharged after the concentration exceeds the concentration range, supernatant water returns to the culture pond after mixed liquid is discharged and deposited, and the deposit is stored for other use. After each feeding in the culture process, sodium bicarbonate is supplemented to the alkalinity of 300mg/L CaCO3And the other operation modes are the same as the test cell.
And (3) breeding results: the water quality of the test pond is obviously better than that of the control pond (table 1) on the whole, and the culture effect is obviously better than that of the control pond (table 2). The preliminary cultivation cost analysis shows that the test pool is 12.5 yuan (RMB)/kg, and the comparison pool is 21.2 yuan (RMB)/kg.
TABLE 1 Water quality Change during cultivation in test and control ponds
The numerical values are mean values plus or minus variances (minimum-maximum), and the numerical values are different in superscript letters, which indicates that the numerical values are significantly different;
TABLE 2 shrimp growth index and sodium bicarbonate dosage
The numerical values are different in the upper-marked letters and have obvious difference in representation
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A low-cost and low-stimulation biological flocculation aquaculture method is characterized in that the method is used for biological flocculation-litopenaeus vannamei culture; discharging 1/4-1/3 floccules and culture water from the bottom of the biological flocculation-culture pond to a sedimentation tank every 72 hours, and standing the discharged floccules and water in the sedimentation tank for 40-50 hours to reduce the dissolved oxygen to be below 0.2 mg/L; adding the treated new water into the blending tank from the top while discharging the floccule and the culture water from the culture tank; pumping culture water and flocs discharged from a sedimentation tank into an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor by a peristaltic pump, wherein the UASB reactor needs to be started in advance, receiving mixed liquid discharged from the sedimentation tank after the UASB reactor is started, and performing hydraulic retention for 10 hours at room temperature; precipitating for 2 hours after the nitrate concentration in UASB is stable, returning the supernatant to the blending tank, aerating, and supplementing sodium bicarbonate to 300mg/L CaCO3Alkalinity, remaining in the blending tank after temperature adjustment and waiting for returning to the culture tank; the working volume of the sedimentation tank is 1/4-1/3 of the culture tank; the UASB working volume is 1/2 of the aquaculture water body; discharging a part of sludge at the bottom of the UASB reactor, reserving a part of sludge, and determining the standard of the discharged and reserved amount: the concentration of the total suspended particles in the reactor is 5500 mg/L; the HDPE film of the culture pond is paved at the bottom, the length of the HDPE film is 25 meters, the width of the HDPE film is 2.5 meters, the water level is changed by 50-80 centimeters, the effective volume of the culture pond is 31.25-50 cubic meters, the culture pond is covered with a dome-shaped transparent film for heat preservation and light transmission, the tail part of the culture pond is provided with a sewage collecting hole and a sewage discharging hole, and the pond surface is paved with a net sheet for preventing shrimps from escaping; filling the poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid particles into a gauze bag, and periodically replacing the poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid particles according to the use condition in the culture process; PHB Placement density: hanging a bag every 5 square meters and 10 centimeters away from the bottom of the tank, wherein each bag is filled with200g of PHB particles; after water disinfection, the Roots blower aerates fully and uniformly without any dead angle, 3 days later, the ground shrimp feed is added into the culture pond according to the concentration of 100mg/L total suspended particulate matter, the water temperature is controlled to be 28-30 ℃ in the whole process, the salinity is 10, and calcium and magnesium are supplemented periodically; when no obvious ammonia nitrogen and nitrite can be detected in the water body, taking the desalted litopenaeus vannamei fry of PL 20 from the shrimp larva pond with the salinity of 10, and adding the litopenaeus vannamei fry into the culture pond; stocking density of 350 tail/m3(ii) a Adjusting the bait feeding amount according to the ingestion condition of the shrimps in the culture process, wherein the initial bait feeding amount is 10 percent and is gradually reduced to 5 percent; feeding shrimp feed; the feed is fed twice a day, 7:00 in the morning and 6:00 in the afternoon.
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