CN105228756A - 具有金属表面处理的塑料基材的光泽度调节 - Google Patents

具有金属表面处理的塑料基材的光泽度调节 Download PDF

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CN105228756A
CN105228756A CN201480026326.XA CN201480026326A CN105228756A CN 105228756 A CN105228756 A CN 105228756A CN 201480026326 A CN201480026326 A CN 201480026326A CN 105228756 A CN105228756 A CN 105228756A
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dumb light
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吕迪格尔·舍费尔
马克·罗塞钦
约翰内斯·威勒
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Oerlikon Surface Solutions AG Pfaeffikon
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制造具有规定的光泽度的零部件的方法，包括以下步骤：提供具有金属表面的零部件；通过按照预定的混合比混合亮光漆和哑光漆来制造哑光漆-亮光漆混合物；将该哑光漆-亮光漆混合物施加至该零部件的金属表面；使该哑光漆-亮光漆混合物交联。

Description

具有金属表面处理的塑料基材的光泽度调节
本发明涉及具有金属表面处理的塑料基材的光泽度调节方法。这样的塑料基材例如在汽车领域中用作饰条、冷却器格栅、外后视镜或机动车外部区域内的徽标。在机动车内部区域中，也越来越多地用塑料零部件(具有赋予其以金属外观的涂层)代替全金属零部件。
电镀属于已知的典型涂覆方法。但随之而来的是环境负担很重，因此人们力求在此领域中用其它方法来代替电镀法。
一种较新做法在于，首先用底漆层(打底层)涂覆塑料基材并且随后用气相沉积金属层涂覆在其上面。在EP1736566中描述了一种相应的方法。在此，在基材上施加紫外固化聚合物层，其随后借助气相物理沉积被涂覆上例如铬层或类铬层，其形成最外层。
但该做法有以下缺点，该最外层是很薄的且基于此是相对于力学作用很容易受损的PVD层。这种涂层并不适于在受到石子撞击且遇到截然不同的气候状况的机动车外部区域中采用这样的涂覆零部件。
而且，汽车制造商针对这种零部件不仅规定了金属外观，也分别规定了一定的光泽度。
因此，本发明基于以下任务，即提供一种方法，据此赋予零部件以具有规定光泽度的金属外观。
根据本发明，如此完成该任务，将紫外固化漆层施加到不管怎样制造的金属表面，在这里，被用于漆层制造的漆是混合物，其至少包含第一部分即紫外固化亮光漆和第二部分即紫外固化哑光漆。在此，所述亮光漆和哑光漆之间的混合比规定了想要获得的光泽度。
这样的紫外固化亮光漆和紫外固化哑光漆是已知的并且例如由MarabuGmbH&Co.KG公司作为UVLG漆和UVLM漆销售。
以下将结合实施例来举例详述本发明。
根据本发明的第一实施方式，应构成外后视镜的正面罩壳的塑料基材(其应被赋予略微哑光的镀铬外观)首先在超声波浴槽中被清洗且随后被干燥，例如在红外加热灯的辅助下。作为塑料基材，考虑采用例如PC/ABS。接着，将20μm厚的紫外固化漆层作为打底层施加到塑料基材表面的至少局部上。在此并不重要的是，紫外固化漆究竟是亮光漆还是哑光漆。溶剂从漆层挥发掉并且所述漆的聚合物借助紫外线被交联。该打底层基本上用于平整原始塑料基材表面的可能有的粗糙不平。
在完成交联之后，给该表面涂覆PVD层。例如塑料基材放入到磁控管溅射设备中，该磁控管溅射设备以至少一个铬靶来运行。如果溅射设备还包括Zr靶和/或Al靶，则待施加的铬层可以通过混合低浓度的Zr和/或Al而被赋予不同的期望色泽(Farbnuance)。例如，按照小于1.5μm的厚度沉积基本由铬构成的PVD层。
该中间产物是塑料基材，其因为小于1.5μm厚的光滑外铬层而具有金属光亮的但未得到保护的铬表面。
根据在此所述的本发明实施方式，现在紫外固化亮光漆与紫外固化哑光漆按照50％∶50％的比例混合。如此混合的漆以20μm厚的层的形式被施加到该塑料基材铬层。溶剂可以例如在红外线帮助下挥发掉并且该混合漆的聚合物借助紫外线被交联。通过这种方式生成一种塑料基材，其具有确实是金属的但因为是混合漆而略微哑光的表面。根据客户是否想要其零部件有较高或较低的光泽度，可以改变亮光漆和哑光漆的混合比。
最好这样做，即形成具有借助上述方法所制造的不同图案的行列，在这里，在行列的列中，所述图案具有不同的色泽；并且在所述行列的行中，所述图案具有不同的光泽度。所述行列例如可以在一个箱子中实现，从而有可能直接比较不同的色泽和光泽。
已经结合涂覆至塑料基材上的PVD层描述了本发明。但可行的是，通过相应混合紫外固化漆(亮光漆和哑光漆)给几乎任何一种金属表面或光亮表面赋予期望的光泽度。
公开了一种制造具有规定的光泽度的零部件的方法，包括以下步骤：
-提供具有金属表面的零部件，
-通过按照预定的混合比混合亮光漆和哑光漆制造哑光漆-亮光漆混合物，
-将该哑光漆-亮光漆混合物施加至该零部件的金属表面，
-使该哑光漆-亮光漆混合物交联。
所述亮光漆和/或哑光漆可以是紫外固化漆，并且该哑光漆-亮光漆混合物的交联可以借助紫外线来实现。为了提供该零部件，可以给塑料基材涂覆上包含至少一个金属层的层系。该涂层可以借助PVD法和/或CVD法和/或电镀来施加。在层系和塑料基材之间可施加漆层且最好是紫外固化漆层。该层系可以包括至少两个金属层。该层系能以元素、合金和/或化合物形式包含两种或更多的金属元素。
公开了一种具有规定的光泽度的零部件，其中，在金属表面上施加由亮光漆和哑光漆的交联混合物构成的层。该零部件可以包括塑料基材，该塑料基材具有包含至少一个金属层的层系。在所述层系和塑料基材之间可设有漆层。至少其中一种漆且最好是所有的漆可以是紫外固化漆。

Claims (11)

1.一种制造具有规定的光泽度的零部件的方法，包括以下步骤：
-提供具有金属表面的零部件，
-通过按照预定的混合比混合亮光漆和哑光漆来制造哑光漆-亮光漆混合物，
-将该哑光漆-亮光漆混合物施加至该零部件的金属表面，
-使该哑光漆-亮光漆混合物交联。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征是，该亮光漆和/或哑光漆是紫外固化漆，并且该哑光漆-亮光漆混合物的交联借助紫外线来实现。
3.根据前述权利要求之一的方法，其特征是，为了提供零部件，给塑料基材涂覆包含至少一个金属层的层系。
4.根据权利要求3的方法，其特征是，该涂层借助PVD法和/或CVD法和/或电镀来施加。
5.根据权利要求3或4的方法，其特征是，在层系和塑料基材之间涂覆漆层最好是紫外固化漆层。
6.根据权利要求3至5之一的方法，其特征是，该层系包括至少两个金属层。
7.根据权利要求3至6之一的方法，其特征是，该层系以元素、合金和/或化合物形式包含至少两种或更多的金属元素。
8.一种具有规定的光泽度的零部件，其中，在金属表面上施加由亮光漆和哑光漆的交联混合物构成的层。
9.根据权利要求8的零部件，其特征是，该零部件包括塑料基材，其具有包含至少一个金属层的层系。
10.根据权利要求9的零部件，其特征是，在该层系和该塑料基材之间设有漆层。
11.根据权利要求8至10之一的零部件，其特征是，至少其中一种漆且最好是所有漆是紫外固化的漆。
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