CN105163973B - 用于制造操作元件的方法和操作元件 - Google Patents

用于制造操作元件的方法和操作元件 Download PDF

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CN105163973B
CN105163973B CN201480015869.1A CN201480015869A CN105163973B CN 105163973 B CN105163973 B CN 105163973B CN 201480015869 A CN201480015869 A CN 201480015869A CN 105163973 B CN105163973 B CN 105163973B
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U·穆勒
J·施耐德
M·屈内
M·沃辛格尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造具有触敏表面(38)的操作元件(30)的方法，其中，向支承板(36)涂覆膏状材料(48)。通过所述膏状材料(48)在支承板(36)上形成至少一个凸起的结构元件(32，34)。为此，在支承板(36)上方布置自身刚性的模板(42)，并且将膏状材料(48)挤压穿过模板(42)中的至少一个缺口(44)。本发明还涉及一种操作元件(30)。

Description

用于制造操作元件的方法和操作元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造具有触敏表面的操作元件的方法，其中，向支承板涂覆膏状/糊状材料。本发明还涉及一种操作元件，该操作元件尤其是用于汽车。
背景技术
具有触敏表面的操作元件在汽车中越来越多地作为用于输入用户指令的装置使用，例如用于操控功能单元、如信息娱乐系统。
文献EP 1 352 384 B1描述了触摸屏的制造，其中，在由玻璃制成的支承板上涂覆电阻层。通过丝网印刷方法实现将导电的边沿电极的图案和布线轨道设置在电阻层上，其中，在电阻层上压印银烧结膏。
文献US 2002/0197455 A1也描述了在触摸屏的绝缘层上设置电极。此处，绝缘层覆盖住布置在玻璃基板上的电阻层，并且电极借助于丝网印刷方法形成在绝缘层上。
文献US 2010/0200539 A1描述了一种用于制造触摸屏的方法，其中，在塑料基板上布置了一层铟锡氧化物。在这个氧化物层上涂覆蚀刻膏。通过提高温度，在涂有蚀刻膏的位置上的氧化物层被去除，并从而露出塑料基板。
文献DE 10 2006 021 270 A1描述了借助于丝网印刷在有机玻璃挡板上压印操作图标。
文献WO 2007/017485 A2描述了一种触摸屏，其中，由有机发光二极管制成的层借助于印刷方法被涂覆到布置于基板上的电极上。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种开头所述的方法以及一种可借助于这种方法实现的操作元件，其中，在支承板上可以形成或存在有尤其明确定义的结构元件。
所述目的通过一种用于制造用于汽车的操作元件的方法实现，该操作元件具有触敏表面，该方法包括：将通过金属板形成的模板布置成与支承板直接接触，模板具有至少一个缺口，模板中的至少一个缺口没有任何的线、纤维或网孔，为模板中的所述至少一个缺口加载膏状材料，以及将膏状材料挤压穿过至少一个缺口以在支承板上形成至少一个凸起的结构元件；为所述至少一个缺口这样加载膏状材料，使得所述至少一个凸起的结构元件从支承板起的总高度等于模板的厚度，所述至少一个凸起的结构元件形成可触觉感受到的感觉辅助；其中，支承板用作操作元件的表面，使得操作元件的用户能够感觉到由至少一个凸起的结构元件界定的操作区域。
在根据本发明的方法中，通过膏状材料在支承板上形成至少一个凸起的结构元件。这通过以下方式实现：首先在支承板上方布置自身刚性的模板。然后将膏状材料挤压穿过模板中的至少一个缺口。缺口的轮廓因此规定了与缺口相对应的结构元件的轮廓。通过缺口的边缘在此也规定了整齐的、明确的结构元件边缘。
另外有利的是，模板中的缺口没有任何的线、纤维或网孔，如在使用丝网印刷方法中产生地那样。当应用丝网印刷方法，即膏状材料被挤压穿过可使其穿透的织物区域时，向支承板涂覆的膏状材料则因此具有特定的不平坦性、波纹和散开的边缘。尤其是在结构元件的表面上呈现出织物或丝网的线，并且通过丝网印刷方法制造的结构元件相应具有不规则的表面。
反之通过使用具有至少一个缺口的自身刚性的模板可实现尤其整齐的和明确定义的结构元件，因为在模板中的缺口区域中恰好不存在线或诸如此类。此外尤其可以使用粘稠的和固体膏状的材料，因为在移开丝网印刷方法中使用的丝网后，膏的移动不再是必需的。
由于凸起的结构元件在支承板上具有整齐的边缘和明确的高度，因此其视觉上尤其美观。此外通过选择缺口的对应的形状可以实现对应的结构元件的预期的形状。除了在支承板上使用结构元件作为设计元素之外，通过凸起的结构元件还呈现出触觉景观以及通过人的手指可触摸到的纹理。
当膏状材料包含色彩颜料时，在选择凸起的结构元件的颜色时也提供了尤其大的灵活性。
在一个有利的设计方案中，为模板中的至少一个缺口这样加载膏状材料，使得至少一个结构元件的高度等于模板的厚度。结构元件的高度既可以通过选择膏状材料的稠性，又可以通过模板的-必要时局部不同的-厚度适宜地调整。尤其可以实现，在支承板上形成相对大的高度的结构元件，所述结构元件可尤其好的被触觉感知。
如果想要借助于丝网印刷方法提供一种尤其大高度的结构元件，则这需要使用一种具有尤其粗的线的织物。而这种更粗的线然后会在结构元件中尤其强烈地显现出。反之通过将膏状材料填充入自身刚性的模板中的缺口，提供了相对大高度的对应的结构元件，所述结构元件不具有任何由于显现出线或类似情况引起的不规则性。
另外的优点在于，将陶瓷材料作为膏状材料涂覆到支承板上。因为由陶瓷材料形成的结构元件尤其耐磨和耐划，从而这种结构元件具有尤其好的坚固性和持久的寿命。
另外的优点在于，将膏状材料通过加热与支承板连接。这样实现了结构元件与支承板之间的尤其紧密的并且同时稳固的，即不会削弱支承板的构造的连接。
尤其当将陶瓷材料作为膏状材料涂覆到支承板上时，合适的是，支承板-或至少其表面-由玻璃制成，由于陶瓷的结构元件与玻璃尤其适宜通过加热连接。
另外的优点在于，通过至少一个凸起的结构元件为操作元件的用户提供感觉辅助。这种感觉辅助或在支承板上定位辅助的设计-例如以隔断、弧形件或诸如此类的形式-使用户实现，在操作元件上完成可靠的操作行为，而用户无需将其视线投向操作元件的触敏表面。尤其有利的是，所述操作元件在汽车中使用，因为用户——例如汽车的驾驶员——无需将其视线从交通情况中移开。实际上驾驶员可以根据所述感觉辅助找到其为了完成操作行为而触摸的操作元件的区域。
在本发明另一个有利的设计方案中，通过金属板形成自身刚性的模板。在这种金属板中尤其简单和整齐地提供了缺口或孔，所述缺口或孔规定了待形成的凸起的结构元件的形状。对于借助于缺口规定的相应的整齐的定义的结构元件是合适的。
可以尤其通过激光切割和/或通过冲裁制造金属板中的至少一个缺口。通过这种分割过程为缺口提供了尤其整齐和笔直的边缘，其重又导致结构元件的相应的明确定义的和笔直的边缘。
根据本发明的操作元件——其尤其被设计为用于汽车——具有支承板，并且所述操作元件具有触敏表面。在支承板上形成至少一个凸起的结构元件，所述结构元件通过将膏状材料挤压穿过自身刚性的模板中的至少一个缺口制造而成。所述至少一个凸起的结构元件因此被尤其明确定义并且没有高低不平、波纹起伏、散开的边缘或类似情况，而是具有尤其平整的表面和尤其清晰鲜明的轮廓。这使凸起的结构元件尤其适合于为操作元件的用户提供感觉辅助和定位辅助。
所述操作元件可以尤其设计为触摸板或触摸屏，通过该触摸板或触摸屏可以操控汽车的功能单元。
根据本发明的方法所说明的优点和优选的设计形式也适用于根据本发明的操作元件，且反之亦然。
在不离开本发明范围的情况下，上述的在说明中所提到的特征和特征组合以及下列在附图说明中所提到的和/或在附图中单独示出的特征和特征组合不仅可在对应的规定的组合中，而且可在另外的组合中或独立地使用。
附图说明
从权利要求、优选实施例的下列描述以及根据附图得出本发明的另外的优点、特征和细节。在此示出：
图1示出由现有技术水平已知的方法，其中，借助于丝网印刷将印刷颜料涂覆到承印材料上；
图2示意性示出通过根据图1的丝网印刷方法获得的和之后位于承印材料上的结构元件的放大图；
图3示出在图5中示出的操作元件的玻璃表面上设置由陶瓷膏形成的结构元件，其中，使用由金属板制成的带孔的模板；
图4示意性示出根据图3的方法获得的和之后位于玻璃表面上的结构元件的放大图；
图5示出具有由玻璃制成的表面的操作元件，在所述玻璃表面上借助于根据图3示出的方法产生由陶瓷制成的结构元件。
具体实施方式
结合图1形象地说明由现有技术水平已知的丝网印刷方法，借助于所述方法可以将印刷颜料10涂覆到承印材料12上。
在丝网印刷方法中使用丝网14，其具有通过织物张紧的框16。织物的单独的线18在图1中示意性示出。所述织物被涂覆一种材料、例如是光聚合物，然后在区域20中被曝光，在所述区域中不应有颜料到达承印材料12上。在其余的位置22上，未硬化的光聚合物充分生长。这样在丝网14中交替分布着印刷颜料10无法穿过的织物区域20与印刷颜料10被挤压穿过丝网14的织物位置22。
通过刮刀24在这个位置22上将印刷颜料10挤压穿过织物，并且所述印刷颜料到达承印材料12上(参见图1中的中间图)。随后，印刷颜料10在承印材料12上在位置22的区域中移动，并且所述印刷颜料形成结构26，在该结构中呈现出织物的线18。
结构26相应地在承印材料12上具有高低不平、波纹起伏或在如下位置上的收缩部28，在承印材料12上涂覆印刷颜料10期间织物14的线18处于所述位置上(参见图2)。
通过丝网印刷方法产生的结构26所具有的不规则的形状是不令人满意的。因此以下将使用另外的方法，以便在操作元件——例如触摸板30——上形成例如隔断32或弧形件34的形式的凸起的结构元件(参见图5)。
因此软布印刷方法也就不适用于在触摸板30的表面38上形成可以用作感觉辅助的凸起的结构元件，其中，将待转移的膏状材料48首先布置在印模上，然后转移到承印载体上。以这种方式产生的颜料量或膏量也就不足以形成可用作感觉辅助的凸起的结构。
触摸板30具有由玻璃制成的支承板36，在其表面38上形成隔断32和弧形件34(参见图5)。形成这种结构元件的方法根据图3形象地说明。
在支承板36上方布置固定在框40中的模板42。自身刚性的模板42由金属板制成，在所述金属板中设计孔或狭槽形式的缺口44。缺口44处于如下位置上，在支承板36上在所述位置上应该布置隔断32和弧形件34。通过刮刀46或类似的工具将陶瓷膏挤压穿过模板42中的缺口44(参见图3的中间图)。被挤压穿过对应的缺口44的陶瓷膏的部分在支承板36的表面38上形成例如隔断32或弧形件34的形式的凸起的结构元件(参见图3中中间的和下面的图)。
在模板42的金属板中的缺口44可以激光切割或冲裁而成。由于在缺口44的区域中不存在任何的织物的线或诸如此类，所以在隔断32或弧形件34中也没有呈现出线。通过规定模板42的金属板中的厚度还可定义隔断32和弧形件34的规定高度。
图4示意性示出隔断32中的一个。这个隔断32具有整齐的边缘以及光滑、平坦的表面50。
在支承板36的表面38上借助于图3示出的方法涂覆隔断32和弧形件34后，所述支承板36将被焙烧。由此，陶瓷的隔断32和弧形件34与由玻璃制成的支承板36相连接。
借助于图3示出的方法可以在支承板36的表面38上形成不同的结构元件，另外还有一些字母。然而触摸板30上的结构元件用作可触觉感受到的感觉辅助或定位辅助。触摸板30的用户在不必把视线投向表面38上的情况下就可以触摸到触摸板30上的不同的操作区域52、56、60。通过操作区域52或操作范围——其当前通过在触摸板30的上部边缘54上布置的、彼此平行的、笔直的隔断32互相界定范围，可以例如调出广播电台。然而根据触摸板30的运行状态可以在触摸板30的这个操作区域52中储存任意更多的或另外的功能。
现在通过弧形件34在触摸板30的侧边缘上界定另外的操作区域56，其可以具有另外的功能。在触摸板30的下部边缘58上，现在通过另外的隔断32使用户可触摸到另外的操作区域60。
现在示例性示出的隔断32和弧形件34的形式的结构元件也可以设计在触摸板30的另外的位置上，并具有与图5中示例性示出的设计方案不同的形式。
现在由玻璃制成支承板36，然而也可以在具有仅一个由玻璃制成的表面的支承板36上，借助于根据图3示出的方法涂覆由陶瓷制成的结构元件。通过可以是相对粘稠的陶瓷膏的稠度和模板42的金属板的厚度可以在此调整用作感觉辅助的结构元件的高度。
所述陶瓷膏也可以设计为彩色膏状的材料，以便在支承板36的表面38上形成对应的彩色的结构元件。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于制造用于汽车的操作元件(30)的方法，该操作元件具有触敏表面(38)，该方法包括：将通过金属板形成的模板(42)布置成与支承板(36)直接接触，模板(42)具有至少一个缺口(44)，模板(42)中的至少一个缺口(44)没有任何的线、纤维或网孔，
为模板(42)中的所述至少一个缺口(44)加载膏状材料(48)，以及
将膏状材料(48)挤压穿过至少一个缺口(44)以在支承板(36)上形成至少一个凸起的结构元件(32，34)；为所述至少一个缺口(44)这样加载膏状材料(48)，使得所述至少一个凸起的结构元件(32，34)从支承板起的总高度等于模板(42)的厚度，所述至少一个凸起的结构元件(32，34)形成可触觉感受到的感觉辅助；其中,
支承板用作操作元件(30)的表面，使得操作元件的用户能够感觉到由至少一个凸起的结构元件界定的操作区域。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将陶瓷膏作为膏状材料涂覆到支承板(36)上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，将膏状材料(48)通过加热与支承板(36)连接。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，通过激光切割和/或通过冲裁制造模板(42)中的所述至少一个缺口(44)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述支承板由玻璃制成。
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