CN105153024A - 3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的合成方法 - Google Patents

3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN105153024A
CN105153024A CN201510652221.1A CN201510652221A CN105153024A CN 105153024 A CN105153024 A CN 105153024A CN 201510652221 A CN201510652221 A CN 201510652221A CN 105153024 A CN105153024 A CN 105153024A
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寿越晗
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Chengdu Tongchuangyuan Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract

本发明涉及药物中间体合成领域,具体涉及3,4位取代吡啶的2位甲酸的合成方法。本发明提供一种3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法,采用式I所示的化合物或其盐为原料,式I化合物或其盐先经酯化反应得吡啶的2位酯类化合物,吡啶的2位酯类化合物再经水解反应得式Ⅱ所示的化合物;式I、式Ⅱ所示的化合物分别为:式I为式Ⅱ为其中,R1、R2=H、F、CF3、Cl、Br、OCH3、CN或CH3。发明提供一种新的3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的合成方法,该方法原料成本低廉,操作简单,收率高,可以降低很多化合物的合成成本。

Description

3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及药物中间体合成领域,具体涉及3,4位取代吡啶的2位甲酸的合成方法。
背景技术
2、3-吡啶甲酸及其衍生物表现出显著的生理活性,广泛用于医药、农业及日用化学品中;2-吡啶甲酸衍生物可用作除草剂及神经性药物等中间体;3-吡啶甲酸可用作维生素、药物和植物生长调节剂。工业上,吡啶甲酸通常由烷基吡啶如2-、3-、4-甲基吡啶,2-甲基-5-乙基吡啶或喹啉等为原料在有催化剂或无催化剂条件下,通过液相或气相氧化制备。氧化剂可以是高猛酸钾、硝酸、二氧化硒、过氧化氢、空气、氧或臭氧等。
名称为“吡啶甲酸的制备研究进展”(化学研究与应用,2003.4,第15卷第2期)一文中公开了液相氧化法和气相氧化法,液相氧化法如:将3-甲基吡啶与水混合,加热至80℃,分次加入氧化剂高锰酸钾,氧化剂加完后,于85-90℃搅拌30min,反应结束后经蒸馏过滤,调节滤液pH、冷却结晶、活性炭驼色、重结晶,得到成品3-吡啶甲酸,收率86%左右;又如用硝酸和空气氧化MEP得到3-吡啶甲酸,如分子比为1:0.75:7的MEP、Cu和硝酸混合物,在190-220℃、6.4-6.9MPa压力下反应90min,生成2,5-二羧酸吡啶,然后于190-205℃、2.4-4.4MPa压力下脱羧得到3-吡啶甲酸。气相氧化法如:以α-VOPO4为催化剂前体,在核实的温度下氨氧化甲基吡啶生成腈基吡啶,再水解生成吡啶甲酸。该报道为吡啶-3-甲酸的合成方法。
另外,公开号为CN101602715A的专利申请公开了一种2-吡啶甲酸的合成方法,其是将2-氰基吡啶在碱性条件下进行水解,然后用酸中和,再蒸干后用乙醇提取得到2-吡啶甲酸。此外,其中还公开了其他2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法,如以2-甲基吡啶为原料高锰酸钾氧化得到2-吡啶甲酸,然后用溶剂提取,最终收率不到70%;以2-乙烯基吡啶为原料,高锰酸钾氧化得到2-吡啶甲酸,然后提取,但是该反应的副反应较多,因此还要进行几次重结晶才能得到合格产品;又如以2-甲基吡啶为原料硫酸氧化也能得到2-吡啶甲酸,但该工艺会产生大量的废酸,处理困难。
综上可见,现有技术并未有关于3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的合成方法。
发明内容
本发明提供一种新的3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的合成方法,该方法原料成本低廉,操作简单,收率高,可以降低很多化合物的合成成本。
本发明的技术方案:
本发明提供一种3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法,其采用式I所示的化合物或其盐为原料,式I化合物或其盐先经酯化反应得吡啶的2位酯类化合物,吡啶的2位酯类化合物再经水解反应得式Ⅱ所示的化合物;式I、式Ⅱ所示的化合物分别为:
式I为
式Ⅱ为
其中,R1、R2=H、F、CF3、Cl、Br、OCH3、CN或CH3
优选的,所述式I为R1=Cl、Br、或F。
优选的,所述式I为R2=F、CN、CF3或OCH3、
优选的,所述式I为R1=Cl、Br或OCH3、,R2=F、Cl。
进一步,上述3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法中,所述酯化反应采用下述方式进行:将式I化合物或其盐、二氯甲烷、硫酸水溶液和硫酸亚铁搅拌降温至零下10度,该温度下滴加丙酮酸甲酯/丙酮酸乙酯-双氧水溶液,滴完搅拌至TCL检测反应结束,然后将反应体系加入水,搅拌分液,再用水反复洗至水相无色,分液,浓缩,即得到式I化合物的吡啶的2位酯类化合物;其中,丙酮酸甲酯/丙酮酸乙酯-双氧水溶液采用下述方法制得:0℃下于丙酮酸甲酯或丙酮酸乙酯中搅拌滴加双氧水,滴加过程控制温度0度以下,将两者搅拌混匀即可。
进一步,上述3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法中,所述水解反应采用下述方式进行:将吡啶的2位酯类化合物溶于溶剂中,搅拌下滴加碱溶液,搅拌过夜,TCL检测至反应完全,酸溶液调pH至3~5,然后经水洗、干燥、过滤,浓缩,得式Ⅱ所述化合物。
水解反应中,所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇,异丙醇或四氢呋喃;所述碱溶液为氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化锂溶液或氢氧化钾溶液;所述酸溶液为氢氟酸、氢溴酸溶液、盐酸溶液或硫酸溶液。
进一步,当式I为R1=Cl、Br、或F时,式Ⅱ的合成方法为:
步骤1,将二氯甲烷、式I所示化合物的盐酸盐游离后的二氯甲烷溶液、硫酸亚铁以及硫酸于零下10℃搅拌反应,然后滴加丙酮酸乙酯-双氧水溶液,滴加过程中温度控制在零下10度到0度之间,滴完继续保温搅拌(至少1小时),TCL检测反应结束;再将反应体系与水通过搅拌、分液,直至水相无色,浓缩有机相得粗品;不需纯化,直接用于下一步;
步骤2:将步骤1所得粗品溶于溶剂中,搅拌下滴加碱溶液,控制温度低于30度,搅拌过夜,TCL检测反应结束,离心,将所得固体烘干,然后溶于水中,搅拌下用酸溶液调PH到3~5(优选为4),离心、烘干,得式Ⅱ所述化合物。
进一步,当式I为R2=F、CN、CF3或OCH3时,式Ⅱ的合成方法为:
第一步,式I化合物、二氯甲烷、硫酸水溶液和硫酸亚铁搅拌降温至零下10度,该温度下滴加上丙酮酸甲酯-双氧水溶液,滴完搅拌至TCL检测反应结束,然后将反应体系加入水,搅拌分液,再用水反复洗至水相无色,分液,浓缩,得到粗品,结晶,得到式I化合物的2位取代的酯类;
第二步:将第一步所得式I化合物的2位取代的酯类溶于溶剂中,搅拌下滴加碱溶液,搅拌过夜,TCL检测至反应完全,酸溶液调pH至4~5,用乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯或异丙醚提取;然后经水洗、干燥、过滤,浓缩,得式Ⅱ所述化合物。
优选的,上述第二步中,水洗采用氯化钠,干燥采用硫酸钠或硫酸镁。
本发明中,丙酮酸甲酯-双氧水溶液采用下述方法制得:0℃下于丙酮酸甲酯中搅拌滴加双氧水,将两者搅拌混匀即可。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供一种新的3,4位取代2-吡啶甲酸的合成方法,该方法原料成本低廉,操作简单,收率高,可以降低很多化合物的合成成本。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步的描述,并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例14-溴吡啶-2-甲酸的合成
第一步:于20升三口瓶中加入7.5公斤丙酮酸乙酯,降温至0度,机械搅拌下滴加7.5公斤双氧水,滴加过程控制温度0度以下,滴完放置待用;于200升反应釜中加入50升二氯甲烷,5公斤4-溴吡啶盐酸盐游离后的50升二氯甲烷溶液(取5公斤4-溴吡啶盐酸盐,溶于30升水中,用碳酸氢钠调PH至8,用50升二氯甲烷分三次萃取),8公斤硫酸亚铁,5升50%的硫酸水溶液,搅拌下降温至零下10度,滴加之前20升反应瓶中制好的试剂,滴加过程温度控制在零下10度到0度之间,滴完保温搅拌一小时,TCL检测反应结束,将反应体系加入100升水中,充分搅拌30分钟,分液,反复此操作,至水相无色,有机相浓缩,得到粗品8.5公斤,位棕红色液体A,不需纯化,直接用于下一步;
第二步:将上一步的粗品溶于30升甲醇中,搅拌下滴加两倍量6N的氢氧化钠溶液,控制温度低于30度,滴完搅拌过夜,TCL检测反应结束,离心,得到固体烘干,溶于20升水中,搅拌下用氢溴酸调PH到4,离心,烘干,得产品3.2公斤;所得产品纯度95%。
实施例23-氟吡啶-2-甲酸的合成
第一步:于500毫升三口瓶中加入102克丙酮酸甲酯,于0度滴加115克双氧水,滴完放置待用;于一升三口瓶中加入35克3-氟吡啶,500毫升二氯甲烷,100毫升50%的硫酸水溶液,100克硫酸亚铁,搅拌降温至零下10度,保持此温度滴加上面制好的试剂,滴完搅拌一小时,TCL检测至反应结束,反应体系加入500毫升水中,搅拌分液,再用水反复洗至水相无色,分液,浓缩,得到粗品(70%3-氟吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯,15%5-氟吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯,5%3-氟吡啶-4-甲酸甲酯),结晶,得到纯品3-氟吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯20克,含量大于95%;
第二步:3-氟吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯20克溶于100毫升甲醇中,滴加1.5当量的6N氢氧化钠水溶液,搅拌过夜,TCL检测至反应完全,盐酸调PH至4-5,乙酸乙酯提取,盐水洗,硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到3-氟吡啶-2-甲酸14克,为类白色固体。
实施例3~8
实施例3是将实施例2中的3-氟吡啶替换为3-氰基吡啶,3-氰基吡啶投料50克,其他操作方法及其他各原料使用量同实施例2,最终得到3-氰基吡啶-2-甲酸18克。
实施例4是将实施例2中的3-氟吡啶替换为3-甲氧基吡啶,3-甲氧基吡啶投料20克,其他操作方法及其他各原料使用量同实施例2,最终得到3-甲氧基吡啶-2-甲酸8克。
实施例5是将实施例2中的3-氟吡啶替换为3-氯-4-甲氧基吡啶,3-氯-4-甲氧基吡啶投料5克,其他操作方法及其他各原料使用量同实施例2,最终得到3-氯-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-甲酸1.5克。
实施例6是将实施例2中的3-氟吡啶替换为3-氟-4-溴吡啶,3-氟-4-溴吡啶投料10克,其他操作方法及其他各原料使用量同实施例2,最终得到3-氟-4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸3克。
实施例7是将实施例2中的3-氟吡啶替换为3,4-二氯吡啶,3,4-二氯吡啶投料10克,其他操作方法及其他各原料使用量同实施例2,最终得到3,4-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸3.6克。
实施例8是将实施例2中的3-氟吡啶替换为3-三氟甲基吡啶,3,4-二氯吡啶投料10克,其他操作方法及其他各原料使用量同实施例2,最终得到33-三氟甲基吡啶-2-甲酸2.8克。

Claims (8)

1.3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法,其特征在于,采用式I所示的化合物或其盐为原料,式I化合物或其盐先经酯化反应得吡啶的2位酯类化合物,吡啶的2位酯类化合物再经水解反应得式Ⅱ所示的化合物;式I、式Ⅱ所示的化合物分别为:
式I为
式Ⅱ为
其中,R1、R2=H、F、CF3、Cl、Br、OCH3、CN或CH3
2.根据权利要求1所述3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法,其特征在于,所述式I为R1=Cl、Br或F;或
所述式I为R2=F、CN、CF3或OCH3、;或
所述式I为R1=Cl、Br或OCH3、,R2=F、Cl。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法,其特征在于,3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法中,所述酯化反应采用下述方式进行:将式I化合物或其盐、二氯甲烷、硫酸水溶液和硫酸亚铁搅拌降温至零下10度,该温度下滴加丙酮酸甲酯/丙酮酸乙酯-双氧水溶液,滴完搅拌至TCL检测反应结束,然后将反应体系加入水,搅拌分液,再用水反复洗至水相无色,分液,浓缩,即得到式I化合物的吡啶的2位酯类化合物;其中,丙酮酸甲酯/丙酮酸乙酯-双氧水溶液采用下述方法制得:0℃下于丙酮酸甲酯或丙酮酸乙酯中搅拌滴加双氧水,滴加过程控制温度0度以下,将两者搅拌混匀即可。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法,其特征在于,3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法中,所述水解反应采用下述方式进行:将吡啶的2位酯类化合物溶于溶剂中,搅拌下滴加碱溶液,搅拌过夜,TCL检测至反应完全,酸溶液调pH至3~5,然后经水洗、干燥、过滤,浓缩,得式Ⅱ所述化合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法,其特征在于,水解反应中,所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇,异丙醇或四氢呋喃;所述碱溶液为氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化锂溶液或氢氧化钾溶液;所述酸溶液为氢氟酸、氢溴酸溶液、盐酸溶液或硫酸溶液。
6.根据权利要求2~5任一项所述3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法,其特征在于,当式I为R1=Cl、Br或F时,式Ⅱ的合成方法为:
步骤1,将二氯甲烷、式I所示化合物的盐酸盐游离后的二氯甲烷溶液、硫酸亚铁以及硫酸于零下10℃搅拌反应,该温度下滴加丙酮酸乙酯-双氧水溶液,滴完继续保温搅拌,TCL检测反应结束;再将反应体系与水通过搅拌、分液,直至水相无色,浓缩有机相得粗品;不需纯化,直接用于下一步;
步骤2:将步骤1所得粗品溶于溶剂中,搅拌下滴加碱溶液,控制温度低于30度,搅拌过夜,TCL检测反应结束,离心,将所得固体烘干,然后溶于水中,搅拌下用酸溶液调PH到3~5,离心、烘干,得式Ⅱ所述化合物。
7.根据权利要求2~5任一项所述3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法,其特征在于,当式I为R2=F、CN、CF3或OCH3时,式Ⅱ的合成方法为:
第一步,式I化合物、二氯甲烷、硫酸水溶液和硫酸亚铁搅拌降温至零下10度,该温度下滴加上丙酮酸甲酯-双氧水溶液,滴完搅拌至TCL检测反应结束,然后将反应体系加入水,搅拌分液,再用水反复洗至水相无色,分液,浓缩,得到粗品,结晶,得到式I化合物的2位取代的酯类;
第二步:将第一步所得式I化合物的2位取代的酯类溶于溶剂中,搅拌下滴加碱溶液,搅拌过夜,TCL检测至反应完全,酸溶液调PH至4~5,经乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯或异丙醚提取,然后经水洗、干燥、过滤,浓缩,得式Ⅱ所述化合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述3,4位取代的2-吡啶甲酸的制备方法,其特征在于,第二步中,采用盐水洗,硫酸钠或硫酸镁干燥。
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