CN103833628B - 一种吡啶甲酸铬的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种吡啶甲酸铬的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN103833628B
CN103833628B CN201410058393.1A CN201410058393A CN103833628B CN 103833628 B CN103833628 B CN 103833628B CN 201410058393 A CN201410058393 A CN 201410058393A CN 103833628 B CN103833628 B CN 103833628B
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岳振路
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FUGE PHARMACEUTICAL Co Ltd HEBEI PROVINCE
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    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种吡啶甲酸铬的合成方法,将2-氰基吡啶加入甲醇或乙醇中溶解后加入NaOH或KOH水溶液,反应1h加水、控温后调pH至8~9,在50~70℃滴加硫酸铬钾水溶液,搅拌、降温后抽滤,过滤物洗涤干燥后制得吡啶甲酸铬。由于2-氰基吡啶溶解在均相中反应,1h即可水解完毕,因而大大缩短了反应时间。产品呈玫瑰红色、流动性好,晶型为六边形,由于络合反应使用铬盐硫酸铬钾,得到的吡啶甲酸铬产品纯度更高,纯度到达99.8%以上,总杂质小于0.5%,避免了高温高压反应带来的高能耗、高危险性以及对生产设备要求高的弊端,以及使用重铬酸钠带来的安全隐患,具有工艺反应时间短,工艺简单,工艺过程易于控制,产品收率高,晶型好,纯度高等特点,适合工业化生产。

Description

一种吡啶甲酸铬的合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及吡啶甲酸铬的合成方法。
背景技术
吡啶甲酸铬是一种用于2型糖尿病的补充或供选择的药物,研究表明吡啶甲酸铬可以显著提高糖尿病患者中胰岛素的敏感性。2005年8月,美国食品与药物管理局批准了吡啶甲酸铬的生产,并确认了它可安全用于人类抗胰岛素和Ⅱ型糖尿病治疗。在我国保健品市场上,吡啶甲酸铬已被允许加入到保健食品中。
目前有关吡啶甲酸铬的合成工艺主要有以下几种:US5677461报道了将0.019mol的氯化铬和0.058mol的2-吡啶甲酸溶于30ml水中,用NaOH调节pH至3.8,加热至70℃反应10min,降温抽滤得到吡啶甲酸铬0.017mol,收率为97%。此工艺使用的2-吡啶甲酸价格昂贵,使得吡啶甲酸铬价格较高,反应步骤短,原料的质量对吡啶甲酸铬质量影响较大,因而不适用于企业生产中的成本控制和质量控制。
CN101318929A报道了2-氰基吡啶与三氯化铬按照摩尔比3:1加入到衬四氟乙烯的30ml的高压反应釜中,加入约20ml水,加热到150℃,在2~3个大气压下反应24h,得到吡啶甲酸铬,收率为96.2%。此工艺须在高温高压下反应,能耗高,危险性大,对生产设备要求高,不适合工业化。
CN1772737A报道了将2g铬酐、45g重铬酸钠、70ml65%的硫酸,混合搅拌加热至100℃,滴加入20ml2-甲基吡啶和20ml65%的硫酸的混合溶液反应6h。反应完毕后,滴加10ml乙醇至反应液中,用NaOH调节pH至10,加热回流,过滤除去铬盐,浓缩滤液调节pH至8,滴加硝酸铬溶液到反应液pH为6,得到吡啶甲酸铬10.5g。由于此工艺使用硫酸和重铬酸钠氧化,产生大量废酸,且重铬酸钠为剧毒化学品。
CN1408708A报道了将2-乙烯基吡啶与高锰酸钾水溶液混合,加热至90℃,反应4~6h。产物用去离子水溶解,经多次重结晶,得到白色晶体2-吡啶甲酸。然后,将三氯化铬溶于去离子水中,搅拌条件下加入2-吡啶甲酸,37℃下用40%的NaOH调节pH值,直至红色沉淀生成,继续反应1h。过滤,洗涤,得到吡啶甲酸铬。此工艺中,高锰酸钾氧化2-乙烯基吡啶产生大量固体废弃物产物二氧化锰,给环境带来危害;氧化完毕需多次重结晶才能得到2-吡啶甲酸,工艺繁琐。
CN10339401A报道了在搅拌条件下,向反应釜中加入30%的盐酸20kg、98%的浓硫酸10kg,2-氰基吡啶32.1kg,氯化铬26.6kg,升温至70℃反应1.5h,降温,离心得到吡啶甲酸铬固体41.2kg收率98.6%。此工艺中,2-氰基吡啶水解为非均相反应,且在酸性条件下水解不彻底,同时产生大量废酸,污染环境。
CN102875458A报道了在1L的反应瓶中加入2-甲基吡啶40ml,相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵11.1g,纯化水400ml,加热,搅拌,分四次加入高锰酸钾,至高锰酸钾反应完毕,95℃保温,继续反应1h,趁热抽滤。滤液中加入硝酸0.598mol,减压蒸馏,得到固体后用400ml甲醇热洗2h,抽滤得到吡啶甲酸0.266mol,加入等摩尔量的NaOH,控温35℃,滴加氯化铬溶液,1h加毕,保温搅拌1h,抽滤,洗涤,干燥,得到吡啶甲酸铬28.6g,收率77.11%。此工艺中,氧化剂高锰酸钾和相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵价格昂贵,产生大量的副产物二氧化锰;需减压蒸馏得到2-吡啶甲酸,再进行下步反应,工艺较繁琐。
初文毅等(《化学工程师》,2004年01期)报道了将0.1mol2-甲基吡啶溶于200ml水中,升温至75℃,分5批加入KMnO40.25mol,控温在80~82℃,2.5h加完。加毕后保温反应30min,趁热过滤,除去副产物MnO2,并用15ml水两次洗涤滤饼,洗液合并到滤液中。40~45℃下,向滤液中滴加0.035molCrCl3溶液,40min滴加完毕,继续搅拌20min,冷却,过滤。冷水洗涤干燥后得产品11.5g,收率为82.7%。此工艺存在原料高锰酸钾价格较贵,且产生大量副产物二氧化锰等问题。
CN101602716A报道了在200ml三口瓶中,加入40g去离子水,然后加入20g2-氰基吡啶,搅拌升温至70℃,然后加入26g30%NaOH,继续保温反应10h。冷却到30℃,加入30%盐酸,调节反应液pH值至4.5,升温至50℃,滴加20%三氯化铬溶液61.97g,加毕后络合反应1h,降温至20℃,抽滤,干燥得到吡啶甲酸铬26.1g,收率为97.4%,含量大于99.5%。此工艺中起始原料2-氰基吡啶不溶于水,碱性条件下水解为非均相反应,反应时间长,需要10h;在pH为4.5偏酸性条件下,2-吡啶甲酸难电离出吡啶甲酸根离子,络合反应较慢;在水相中络合得到的吡啶甲酸铬产品细、发粘、为无定型,难以后处理。
发明内容
针对现有吡啶甲酸铬合成工艺存在的问题,本发明提供一种吡啶甲酸铬的合成方法。
本发明以2-氰基吡啶为起始原料,以醇为反应介质,在均相中进行水解反应和络合反应制备吡啶甲酸铬。
本发明的反应方程式如下:
本发明通过以下工艺过程实现:
a.2-氰基吡啶水解
将0.05~0.1mol的2-氰基吡啶加入25~75ml甲醇或乙醇中搅拌溶解后升温至65~78℃,然后加入7~10ml20~30%质量浓度的NaOH或KOH水溶液,反应1h后加水15~20ml,控温至50~70℃后,加盐酸调节pH至8~9;
b.络合反应
在50~70℃下,持续搅拌中向上述水解产物中滴加20%质量浓度的硫酸铬钾水溶液41.5~59.2ml,50~60min内滴加完毕后继续搅拌2h,然后降温至25℃时抽滤,过滤物用20~30ml纯化水洗涤后再用20~30ml乙醇洗涤,然后在60~80℃下将过滤物干燥制得吡啶甲酸铬6.62g,收率95%,高效液相色谱法检测其纯度为99.89%。
本发明取得的技术进步:
1、水解反应中,由于2-氰基吡啶溶解在醇中,使反应在均相中进行,1h即可水解完毕,因而大大缩短了反应时间。
2、由于络合反应的pH值为8~9,络合反应温度为50~70℃,络合反应的溶剂为醇和水,得到的吡啶甲酸铬为颜色较深的玫瑰红色,且流动性好,产物晶型为六边形。
3、由于络合反应使用铬盐硫酸铬钾,相比于现有技术所采用的氯化铬和硝酸铬,得到的吡啶甲酸铬产品纯度更高,纯度99.5%以上,纯度达99.89%,总杂质小于0.5%,单个最大杂质小于0.1%。
综上所述,本发明避免了现有技术中由于采用高温高压反应带来的高能耗、高危险性以及对生产设备要求高的弊端;避免了由于使用硫酸产生的大量废酸以及使用重铬酸钠剧毒化学品带来的安全隐患;还避免了由于采用非均相水解反应带来的反应不彻底、产生大量废酸以及污染环境的弊端;还避免了由于使用高锰酸钾产生的大量二氧化锰废弃物给环境带来的危害。具有工艺反应时间短,工艺简单,工艺过程易于控制,产品收率高,晶型好,纯度高等特点,适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
2-氰基吡啶水解
将称量的2-氰基吡啶0.05mol加入50ml乙醇中搅拌溶解后,升温至78℃,然后加入质量浓度为30%的NaOH水溶液10ml,反应1h后经高效液相色谱检测2-氰基吡啶已转化完毕,加入20ml水,控温至70℃,然后加盐酸调节pH至8~9;
络合反应
控温至70℃下,持续搅拌中向上述水解产物中滴加质量浓度为20%的硫酸铬钾水溶液41.5ml,1h滴加完毕后,继续搅拌2h,然后降温至25℃时抽滤,过滤物用30ml纯化水洗涤后再用30ml乙醇洗涤,然后在60℃下将过滤物干燥制得吡啶甲酸铬6.62g,收率95%,高效液相色谱法检测吡啶甲酸铬纯度为99.89%。
实施例2:
2-氰基吡啶水解
将称量的2-氰基吡啶0.05mol加入75ml乙醇中搅拌溶解后,升温至78℃,然后加入质量浓度为30%的NaOH水溶液14ml,反应1h后经高效液相色谱检测2-氰基吡啶已转化完毕,加水16ml,控温至70℃,然后加盐酸调节pH至8~9;
络合反应
控温至60℃下,持续搅拌中向上述水解产物中滴加质量浓度为20%的硫酸铬钾水溶液42.6ml,1h滴加完毕后,继续搅拌2h,然后降温至25℃时抽滤,过滤物用30ml纯化水洗涤后再用30ml乙醇洗涤,然后在60℃下将过滤物干燥制得吡啶甲酸铬6.48g,收率92.9%,高效液相色谱法检测吡啶甲酸铬纯度为99.80%。
实施例3:
2-氰基吡啶水解
将称量的2-氰基吡啶0.05mol加入50ml甲醇中搅拌溶解后,升温至65℃,然后加入质量浓度为30%的NaOH水溶液10ml,反应1h后经高效液相色谱检测2-氰基吡啶已转化完毕,加水20ml,控温至70℃,然后加浓盐酸调节pH至8~9;
络合反应
控温至70℃下,持续搅拌中向上述水解产物中滴加质量浓度为20%的硫酸铬钾溶液41.5ml,1h滴加完毕后,继续搅拌2h,然后降温至25℃时抽滤,过滤物用30ml纯化水洗涤后再用30ml乙醇洗涤,然后在60℃下将过滤物干燥制得吡啶甲酸铬6.27g,收率90.1%,高效液相色谱法检测吡啶甲酸铬纯度为99.58%。
实施例4:
2-氰基吡啶水解
将称量的2-氰基吡啶0.1mol加入125ml甲醇中搅拌溶解后,升温至65℃,然后加入质量浓度为30%的KOH水溶液30ml,反应1h后经高效液相色谱检测2-氰基吡啶已转化完毕,加水30ml,控温至60℃,然后加浓盐酸调节pH至8~9;
络合反应
控温至70℃下,持续搅拌中向上述水解产物中滴加质量浓度为20%的硫酸铬钾水溶液85ml,1h滴加完毕后,继续搅拌2h,然后降温至25℃时抽滤,过滤物用50ml纯化水洗涤后再用50ml乙醇洗涤,然后在60℃下将过滤物干燥制得吡啶甲酸铬13.0g,收率93%,高效液相色谱法检测吡啶甲酸铬纯度为99.72%。

Claims (1)

1.一种吡啶甲酸铬的合成方法,其特征是包括以下工艺过程:
a.2-氰基吡啶水解
将0.05~0.1mol的2-氰基吡啶加入25~75ml甲醇或乙醇中搅拌溶解后升温至65~78℃,然后加入7~10ml20~30%质量浓度的NaOH或KOH水溶液,反应1h后加水15~20ml,控温至50~70℃后,加盐酸调节pH至8~9;
b.络合反应
在50~70℃下,持续搅拌中向上述水解产物中滴加20%质量浓度的硫酸铬钾水溶液41.5~59.2ml,50~60min内滴加完毕后继续搅拌2h,然后降温至25℃时抽滤,过滤物用20~30ml纯化水洗涤后再用20~30ml乙醇洗涤,然后在60~80℃下将过滤物干燥制得吡啶甲酸铬。
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