CN103664766B - 2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备方法 - Google Patents
2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl alcohol Substances OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- QXCOHSRHFCHCHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(Cl)=C1 QXCOHSRHFCHCHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 2-chloroisonicotinic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical group [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000001340 2-chloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- KKOUHTMLFUAAGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-chloropyridine-4-carboxylate Chemical group COC(=O)C1=CC=NC(Cl)=C1 KKOUHTMLFUAAGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CXOIBMMMMLKBKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-chloropyridine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(Cl)=C1 CXOIBMMMMLKBKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Br-].[Br-] QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
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- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021595 Copper(I) iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021590 Copper(II) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) iodide Chemical compound I[Cu] LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000005915 ammonolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical group [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- ORLGLBZRQYOWNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC(N)=C1 ORLGLBZRQYOWNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020843 Hyperthermia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ITRINXBFSOSHSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O.C(C)(=O)NC1=C(C=CC=C1O)[As](O)(O)=O Chemical compound N1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O.C(C)(=O)NC1=C(C=CC=C1O)[As](O)(O)=O ITRINXBFSOSHSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWEAPUVIBUGYEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=CC=C(C=C1)C.C(C)(=O)NC1=C(C=CC=C1O)[As](O)(O)=O Chemical compound N1=CC=C(C=C1)C.C(C)(=O)NC1=C(C=CC=C1O)[As](O)(O)=O MWEAPUVIBUGYEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/73—Unsubstituted amino or imino radicals
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开的一种2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备方法,依次包括如下步骤:以2-氯异烟酸为原料,在氯化亚砜作用下与小分子醇进行酯化反应得2-氯异烟酸酯,2-氯异烟酸酯在还原剂作用下还原成2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇,最后2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇和氨水在铜类催化剂催化下进行氨化反应得到2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇。采用本发明制备2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇工艺路线短,避免了大量废液和废渣的产生,降低了对环境的污染,而且产品收率高,氨化反应中铜类催化剂可循环使用,降低了生产成本,适宜工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,具体是涉及一种2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备方法。
背景技术
2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇是一种重要的精细化工中间体,广泛应用在医药和农药等有机中间体。目前国内还没有公开有关合成2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇方法的报道。
企业中使用较为普遍的生产路线为2-氨基-4-甲基吡啶经氨基保护,甲基氧化,羧酸酯化,酯还原得到产品,该生产工艺如下:
第一步酰基化和第二步氧化反应可采用公开号为CN102249992A的专利文献中的公开的方法,其中,第一步酰基化反应中酰基化试剂可采用乙酰氯或者醋酸酐,同时乙酰氯或者醋酸酐也作为溶剂使用,该步骤制备完成后会产生大量的废水,溶剂回收困难。
第二步氧化反应中,由2-乙酰氨基-4-甲基吡啶合成2-乙酰氨基-吡啶-4-甲酸时,要用到大量氧化剂高锰酸钾,会不可避免的产生大量废渣,废液。这样不但增加了废固和废液处理成本,而且对环境污染严重。该工艺收率又低,不易工业化生产。
第三步酯化反应过程中同时脱除乙酰基,该步整体反应收率仅能达到34%左右,收率较低,不适于工业化生产。第四步还原反应中,需要采用价格昂贵四氢铝锂,成本高,后处理困难。目前国内外均未见适于工业化生产的2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇制备方法,
发明内容
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明提供了一种以2-氯异烟酸为原料,路线短、收率高、成本低和适合工业化生产的生产2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的方法。
本发明以2-氯异烟酸为原料,在氯化亚砜作用下与小分子醇进行酯化反应,再经过硼氢化钠将酯还原成醇,最后在和氨水在铜类催化剂催化下进行氨化反应得到目标产物2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇,具体方案如下:
一种2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备方法,包括:
(1)酯化反应:将2-氯异烟酸和氯化亚砜与醇溶剂混合均匀,混合物升温至回流并保持回流4~6h,反应结束,去除醇溶剂,反应液调pH值8~9,后处理得到2-氯异烟酸酯;
(2)还原反应:将2-氯异烟酸酯、以及硼氢化钠和催化剂与有机溶剂混合均匀,混合物升温至回流并保持回流3~6h,反应结束,反应液调pH值4~5,去除有机溶剂,后处理得到2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇;
(3)氨化反应:将氨水、2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇和铜催化剂混合均匀,在压力6atm~13atm、温度110~150℃条件下反应15~20小时,反应结束,去除未反应的氨水,后处理得到2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇。
上述反应过程如下式所示:
步骤(1)中,所述的醇溶剂为小分子醇溶剂,作为优选,所述的醇溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丙醇或正丁醇,这些醇溶剂,廉价易得,且无(低)毒环保;所得2-氯异烟酸酯为2-氯异烟酸甲酯、2-氯异烟酸乙酯、2-氯异烟酸异丙酯、2-氯异烟酸正丙酯或2-氯异烟酸正丁酯,即对应的R为甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基或正丁酯。
步骤(1)中,为保证底物反应完全,同时避免原料的浪费,所述的醇溶剂与2-氯异烟酸的重量比优选为5~15:1,进一步优选为8:1,所述的氯化亚砜与2-氯异烟酸的摩尔比优选为1~3:1,进一步优选为1.2:1。为避免副反应的发生,该步骤在2-氯异烟酸氯化亚砜与醇溶剂混合时一般在低温下进行,例如一般在在0~5℃条件下混合。该步骤反应完成后,后处理可采用常规后处理方法,例如反应液调pH值8~9后,再经萃取、水洗和干燥得无色液体2-氯异烟酸。
步骤(2)中,所述的有机溶剂优选为四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇中的至少一种。所述的催化剂为氯化锂、氯化锌、三氯化铝、氯化钙或碘。所述的有机溶剂与2-氯异烟酸酯的重量比优选为2.5~10:1,进一步优选为6:1;所述的硼氢化钠与2-氯异烟酸酯的摩尔比优选为1~2:1,进一步优选为1.5:1;所述的催化剂与硼氢化钠的摩尔比优选为0.1~1:1,进一步优选为0.3:1。该步骤中,采用硼氢化钠对酯基进行还原,反应条件温和,后处理简单,解决了现有技术采用四氢铝锂所带来的技术问题。该步骤中硼氢化钠作为还原剂,起到还原的作用,催化剂的作用是增强硼氢化钠的还原性。
步骤(2)中,为防止副反应的发生,避免局部高温,2-氯异烟酸酯、硼氢化钠、催化剂与有机溶剂混合一般在低温下进行,一般是在0~10℃条件下进行混合。该步骤反应完成后,同样可以采用现有的后处理方法,例如可以采用如下方法:调pH值4~5后,然后蒸出溶剂,再经萃取、水洗和干燥得无色液体2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇。
步骤(3)中,所述的铜催化剂为常见的零价铜、一价铜或二价铜化合物,作为优选,所述的铜催化剂为氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜、碘化亚铜、铜粉、氯化铜、溴化铜、碘化铜或硝酸铜。该反应一般在反应釜中进行,作为进一步优选,反应压力为10atm;反应温度优选为130℃。反应时间优选为18~20h。所述的氨水与2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇的重量比为3~18:1,进一步优选为5:1。铜催化剂与2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇的重量比为0.05~0.7,进一步优选为0.1。;实验证明,采用上述压力、温度条件以及配比时时,目的化合物的选择性和收率均较高该步骤的后处理过程同样可选用现有的处理过程,例如可选择如下过程:去除氨水后,降至室温,过滤除去铜催化剂,滤液经浓缩得到2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
本发明缩短了工艺流程,避免了大量废液和废渣的生成,降低了对环境的污染,而且产品收率高,氨化铜催化剂可回收利用,降低了成产成本,适宜工业化生产。
具体实施方式
图1为2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的核磁数据图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)2-氯异烟酸甲酯的制备
向四口烧瓶中加入甲醇(316mL,250g),2-氯异烟酸(50.0g,0.32mol),降温至0℃,滴加氯化亚砜(114.2g,0.96mol),控制温度0℃,滴加完毕,升至室温搅拌30min,升温回流4h,薄层色谱分析,反应完毕,蒸出甲醇,加200mL水溶解,滴加碳酸钠水溶液(质量百分比含量为10%)调节pH=8-9,乙酸乙酯300mL×2萃取,有机相水洗一次,元明粉干燥,浓缩得到无色液体2-氯异烟酸甲酯(51.3g,收率93.5%)。
(2)2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇的制备
向四口烧瓶中加入四氢呋喃(289mL,257.0g),2-氯异烟酸甲酯(51.4g,0.30mol),氯化锂(8.9g,0.21mol)降温至0℃,分批加入硼氢化钠(11.3g,0.30mol),控制温度0℃,加毕,升至室温搅拌30min,升温回流6h,薄层色谱分析,反应完毕,滴加盐酸,调节pH=4-5,蒸出溶剂,加300mL水溶解,乙酸乙酯300mL×3萃取,有机相盐水洗一次,元明粉干燥,浓缩得到无色液体2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇(39.4g,收率91.5%)。
(3)2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备
向高压釜中加入氨水(99mL,90g),2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇(30g,0.21mol),溴化亚铜(9.0g,0.06mol),氮气置换三次,升温至110℃,在压力为6atm下反应15h,薄层色谱分析,反应完全,反应液浓缩除去未反应氨水后,加入乙醇300mL,加热回流1h,降至室温,过滤除去溴化亚铜,滤液浓缩,得到2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇(20.8g,收率80.0%)。
实施例2
(1)2-氯异烟酸乙酯的制备
向四口烧瓶中加入乙醇(643mL,500.0g),2-氯异烟酸(50.0g,0.32mol),降温至3℃,滴加氯化亚砜(38.1g,0.32mol),控制温度3℃,滴加完毕,升至室温搅拌30min,升温回流5h,薄层色谱分析,反应完毕,蒸出乙醇,加200mL水溶解,滴加碳酸钠水溶液(质量百分比含量为10%)调节pH=8-9,乙酸乙酯300mL×2萃取,有机相水洗一次,元明粉干燥,浓缩得到无色液体2-氯异烟酸乙酯(53.8g,收率90.6%)
(2)2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇的制备
向四口烧瓶中加入乙醇(606mL,478.4g),2-氯异烟酸乙酯(55.6g,0.30mol),氯化锌(26.6g,0.20mol)降温至5℃,分批加入硼氢化钠(14.7g,0.39mol),控制温度5℃,加毕,升至室温搅拌30min,升温回流3h,薄层色谱分析,反应完毕,滴加盐酸,调节pH=4-5,蒸出溶剂,加300mL水溶解,乙酸乙酯300mL×3萃取,有机相盐水洗一次,元明粉干燥,浓缩得到无色液体2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇(39.7g,收率92.2%)。
(3)2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备
向高压釜中加入氨水(330mL,300g),2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇(30g,0.21mol),氯化亚铜(4.2g,0.04mol),氮气置换三次,升温至150℃,在压力为8atm下反应18h,薄层色谱分析,反应完全,反应液浓缩除去未反应氨水后,加入乙醇300mL,加热回流1h,降至室温,过滤除去氯化亚铜,滤液浓缩,得到2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇(21.3g,收率81.9%)。
实施例3
(1)2-氯异烟酸异丙酯的制备
向四口烧瓶中加入异丙醇(954mL,750.0g),2-氯异烟酸(50.0g,0.32mol),降温至5℃,滴加氯化亚砜(57.1g,0.48mol),控制温度5℃,滴加完毕,升至室温搅拌30min,升温回流6h,薄层色谱分析,反应完毕,蒸出异丙醇,加200mL水溶解,滴加碳酸钠水溶液(质量百分比含量为10%)调节pH=8-9,乙酸乙酯300mL×2萃取,有机相水洗一次,元明粉干燥,浓缩得到无色液体2-氯异烟酸异丙酯(62.6g,收率98.0%)
(2)2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇的制备
向四口烧瓶中加入甲醇(211mL,166.8g),2-氯异烟酸异丙酯(59.8g,0.30mol),氯化铝(68g,0.51mol)降温至8℃,分批加入硼氢化钠(19.3g,0.51mol),控制温度8℃,加毕,升至室温搅拌30min,升温回流4h,薄层色谱分析,反应完毕,滴加盐酸,调节pH=4-5,蒸出溶剂,加300mL水溶解,乙酸乙酯300mL×3萃取,有机相盐水洗一次,元明粉干燥,浓缩得到无色液体2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇(40.5g,收率94.1%)。
(3)2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备
向高压釜中加入氨水(494mL,450.0g),2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇(30g,0.21mol),铜(0.7g,0.01mol),氮气置换三次,升温至120℃,在压力为12atm下反应22h,薄层色谱分析,反应完全,反应液浓缩除去未反应氨水后,加入乙醇300mL,加热回流1h,降至室温,过滤除去铜,滤液浓缩,得到2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇(21.0g,收率80.7%)。
实施例4
(1)2-氯异烟酸正丙酯的制备
向四口烧瓶中加入正丙醇(500mL,400.0g),2-氯异烟酸(50.0g,0.32mol),降温至4℃,滴加氯化亚砜(45.7g,0.38mol),控制温度4℃,滴加完毕,升至室温搅拌30min,升温回流4.5h,薄层色谱分析,反应完毕,蒸出正丙醇,加200mL水溶解,滴加碳酸钠水溶液(质量百分比含量为10%)调节pH=8-9,乙酸乙酯300mL×2萃取,有机相水洗一次,元明粉干燥,浓缩得到无色液体2-氯异烟酸正丙酯(62.2g,收率97.4%)
(2)2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇的制备
向四口烧瓶中加入异丙醇(456mL,358.8g),2-氯异烟酸正丙酯(59.8g,0.30mol),氯化钙(15g,0.14mol)降温至3℃,分批加入硼氢化钠(17.0g,0.45mol),控制温度3℃,加毕,升至室温搅拌30min,升温回流5h,薄层色谱分析,反应完毕,滴加盐酸,调节pH=4-5,蒸出溶剂,加300mL水溶解,乙酸乙酯300mL×3萃取,有机相盐水洗一次,元明粉干燥,浓缩得到无色液体2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇(40.9g,收率95.0%)。
(3)2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备
向高压釜中加入氨水(165mL,150.0g),2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇(30g,0.21mol),氯化铜(2.8g,0.02mol),氮气置换三次,升温至130℃,在压力为10atm下反应20h,薄层色谱分析,反应完全,反应液浓缩除去未反应氨水后,加入乙醇300mL,加热回流1h,降至室温,过滤除去氯化铜,滤液浓缩,得到2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇(22.2g,收率85.2%)。
实施例5
(1)2-氯异烟酸正丁酯的制备
向四口烧瓶中加入正丁醇(741mL,600.0g),2-氯异烟酸(50.0g,0.32mol),降温至3℃,滴加氯化亚砜(76.2g,0.64mol),控制温度3℃,滴加完毕,升至室温搅拌30min,升温回流5.5h,薄层色谱分析,反应完毕,蒸出正丁醇,加200mL水溶解,滴加碳酸钠水溶液(质量百分比含量为10%)调节pH=8-9,乙酸乙酯300mL×2萃取,有机相水洗一次,元明粉干燥,浓缩得到无色液体2-氯异烟酸正丁酯(64.6g,收率94.6%)
(2)2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇的制备
向四口烧瓶中加入正丁醇(790mL,640g),2-氯异烟酸正丁酯(64.0g,0.30mol),碘(15.1g,0.06mol)降温至10℃,分批加入硼氢化钠(22.7g,0.60mol),控制温度10℃,加毕,升至室温搅拌30min,升温回流5h,薄层色谱分析,反应完毕,滴加盐酸,调节pH=4-5,蒸出溶剂,加300mL水溶解,乙酸乙酯300mL×3萃取,有机相盐水洗一次,元明粉干燥,浓缩得到无色液体2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇(38.9g,收率90.4%)。
(3)2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备
向高压釜中加入氨水(593mL,540.0g),2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇(30g,0.21mol),硝酸铜(18.8g,0.10mol),氮气置换三次,升温至140℃,在压力为11atm下反应25h,薄层色谱分析,反应完全,反应液浓缩除去未反应氨水后,加入乙醇300mL,加热回流1h,降至室温,过滤除去硝酸铜,滤液浓缩,得到2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇(21.7g,收率83.5%)。
实施例1-5制备得到的2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的核磁数据如图1所示。磁场强度为500MHz,氘代试剂为DMSO-d6。
Claims (8)
1.一种2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备方法,包括:
(1)酯化反应:将2-氯异烟酸和氯化亚砜与醇溶剂混合均匀,混合物升温至回流并保持回流至反应结束,去除醇溶剂,反应液调pH值8~9,后处理得到2-氯异烟酸酯;所述的醇溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丙醇或正丁醇;所得2-氯异烟酸酯为2-氯异烟酸甲酯、2-氯异烟酸乙酯、2-氯异烟酸异丙酯、2-氯异烟酸正丙酯或2-氯异烟酸正丁酯;
(2)还原反应:将2-氯异烟酸酯、以及硼氢化钠和催化剂与有机溶剂混合均匀,混合物升温至回流并保持回流至反应结束,反应液调pH值4~5,去除有机溶剂,后处理得到2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇;
(3)氨化反应:将氨水、2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇和铜催化剂混合均匀,在压力10atm、温度130℃条件下反应至反应结束,去除未反应的氨水,后处理得到2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的醇溶剂与2-氯异烟酸的重量比为5~15:1;所述的氯化亚砜与2-氯异烟酸的摩尔比为1~3:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的催化剂为氯化锂、氯化锌、三氯化铝、氯化钙或碘。
5.根据权利要求1或3所述的2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的有机溶剂与2-氯异烟酸酯的重量比为2.5~10:1;所述的硼氢化钠与2-氯异烟酸酯的摩尔比为1~2:1;所述的催化剂与硼氢化钠的摩尔比为0.1~1:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述的铜催化剂为氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜、碘化亚铜、铜粉、氯化铜、溴化铜、碘化铜或硝酸铜。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述的2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述的氨水与2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇的重量比为3~18:1;所述的铜催化剂与2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇的重量比为0.05~0.7:1。
8.根据权利要求7所述的2-氨基吡啶-4-甲醇的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述的氨水与2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇的重量比为5:1;所述的铜催化剂与2-氯吡啶-4-甲醇的重量比为0.1:1。
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"2-氨基吡啶-3-甲醇的制备";陈升等;《中国医药工业杂志》;20061210;第37卷(第12期);第807页图1,第807-808页实验部分 * |
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