CN105153023A - 2-氨基-4-溴吡啶的合成方法 - Google Patents

2-氨基-4-溴吡啶的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN105153023A
CN105153023A CN201510652275.8A CN201510652275A CN105153023A CN 105153023 A CN105153023 A CN 105153023A CN 201510652275 A CN201510652275 A CN 201510652275A CN 105153023 A CN105153023 A CN 105153023A
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寿越晗
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Abstract

本发明涉及药物中间体合成领域,具体涉及2-氨基-4-溴吡啶的合成方法。本发明提供一种2-氨基-4溴吡啶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)酯化反应:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐酯化得到4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯粗品;(2)氨化反应:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯粗品经氨化得到4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺;(3)霍夫曼降解反应:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺经霍夫曼降解得到2-氨基-4-溴吡啶;其合成路线如式I所示。本发明所提供的方法原料成本低廉,收率高,反应操作简单,三废处理方便,易于实现工业化。

Description

2-氨基-4-溴吡啶的合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及药物中间体合成领域,具体涉及2-氨基-4-溴吡啶的合成方法。
背景技术
近年来,人们在溴代氨基吡啶的应用方面作了大量工作,由于这类分子中溴原子/氨基可以继续进行衍生化引入其它官能团,因此从溴代氨基吡啶出发可以设计和合成结构新颖多样的杂环化合物,用于创新医药或农药的筛选和研发。
现有技术中,通常采用2-甲基-4-溴吡啶氧化成4-溴-2-甲酸吡啶,然后用DPPA重排、最后脱Boc得到2-氨基-4-溴吡啶。
这条路线的主要缺点有:1、原料2-甲基-4-溴吡啶价格太贵;2、第一步氧化收率只有50%;3、第二步重排收率只有50-60%,并且是叠氮反应,工业化比较麻烦,有风险;所以总体做下来的成本很高,无法实现市场化。
另外,CN101704781报道了一种2-氨基-4-溴吡啶的合成方法:
试剂和条件:(a)KOH,H2O,液溴,60℃,0.5h,该方法收率57.8%;该发明起始原料4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺比较昂贵。
WO2008057469也报道了一种2-氨基-4-溴吡啶的合成方法:
;该反应步骤比较长,其中c步骤收率只有22%,也不适合大规模生产。
针对上述缺陷,公开号为CN103772271A公开了一种2-甲基-4-溴吡啶的合成方法,
其以2-氨基4甲基吡啶为原料,首先氨基进行乙酰保护,然后氧化得到2-乙酰氨基-4-甲酸吡啶,然后通过dppa重排得到4-氨基-Boc-2-乙酰氨基吡啶,经氢溴酸回流,直接得到2-氨基-4-溴吡啶,收率可达98%以上。
本发明申请人长期致力于2-氨基-4-溴吡啶的合成方法的研究。
发明内容
本发明提供一种新的2-氨基-4溴吡啶的合成方法,该方法原料成本低廉,收率高,反应操作简单,三废处理方便,易于实现工业化。
本发明的技术方案:
本发明提供一种2-氨基-4溴吡啶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)酯化反应:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐酯化得到4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯粗品;
(2)氨化反应:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯粗品经氨化得到4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺;
(3)霍夫曼降解反应:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺经霍夫曼降解得到2-氨基-4-溴吡啶;
其合成路线如式I所示:
进一步,酯化反应的反应式如式Ⅱ所示:
所述酯化反应为:以4-溴吡啶盐酸盐、丙酮酸乙酯、双氧水、硫酸亚铁、硫酸和二氯甲烷为原料;其中,4-溴吡啶盐酸盐、丙酮酸乙酯、双氧水、硫酸亚铁称作反应原料,其摩尔配比为:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐:丙酮酸乙酯:双氧水:硫酸亚铁=1︰1~5︰1~5︰1~5;硫酸的用量为0.5~1.5L/kg反应原料,二氯甲烷的用量为10~20L/kg反应原料;反应温度≤0℃。
优选的,酯化反应中反应原料的摩尔配比为:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐:丙酮酸乙酯:双氧水:硫酸亚铁=1︰3~5︰3~5︰3~5。
优选的,酯化反应中,硫酸用量为1L/kg反应原料,二氯甲烷用量20L/kg反应原料;硫酸的质量浓度为30%-70%。
进一步,所述酯化反应采用下述方式进行:将二氯甲烷、4-溴吡啶盐酸盐游离后的二氯甲烷溶液、硫酸亚铁以及硫酸于低于零下10℃下搅拌反应,然后滴加丙酮酸乙酯-双氧水溶液,滴加过程中温度控制在零下10度到0度之间,滴完继续保温搅拌至少1小时,TCL检测反应结束;再将反应体系与水通过搅拌、分液,直至水相无色,浓缩有机相得4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯粗品;其中,4-溴吡啶盐酸盐游离后的二氯甲烷溶液由下述方法制得:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐溶于水中,调pH至7~9,用二氯甲烷萃取至少三次;丙酮酸乙酯-双氧水溶液由下述方法制得:0℃下在丙酮酸乙酯中滴加双氧水,滴加过程中温度控制在0℃以下,然后将丙酮酸乙酯与双氧水搅拌混匀。
进一步,所述氨化反应的反应式如式Ⅲ所示:
其中,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯的粗品和氨水的比例为1kg/3~5升;反应温度为20~30℃,TCL检测反应结束。
进一步,所述氨化反应为:将4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯分批滴加入氨水中,甲烷搅拌过夜,TCL检测反应结束,离心,得到粗品用乙酸乙酯泡洗,离心,得到4-溴吡啶酰胺。
进一步,所述霍夫曼降解反应的反应式如式Ⅳ所示:
其中,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺、氢氧化钠、溴单质的摩尔比为:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺︰氢氧化钠︰溴单质=1︰2~6︰1.4~2.5,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺、氢氧化钠、溴单质总称为反应原料,水的添加量为5~15L/kg反应原料;霍夫曼降解反应的温度为65~90℃。
优选的,霍夫曼降解反应中,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺、氢氧化钠、溴单质的摩尔比为:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺︰氢氧化钠︰溴素=1︰6︰1.75,水的添加量为10L/kg反应原料;霍夫曼降解反应的温度为80℃。
进一步,霍夫曼降解反应为:氢氧化钠水溶液降温至0℃,再向其中滴加溴单质,滴完降温至不高于10℃,再分批加入4-溴吡啶酰胺,加完保温搅拌至少一个小时,然后加热至65~90℃反应至少一个小时,TCL检测反应结束,降至室温,离心,得到粗品,用甲苯结晶,得到2-氨基-4溴吡啶。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的方法的原料4-溴吡啶盐酸盐价格比较便宜,并且每一步的收率都不错,反应操作简单,后处理也很简单,使用的溶剂少,三废处理方便,易于实现工业化。
具体实施方式
本发明以4-溴吡啶盐酸盐为原料,4-溴吡啶盐酸盐先经酯化反应得4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯再经氨化得4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺,4-溴吡啶酰胺经霍夫曼降解反应得2-氨基-4溴吡啶。
本发明提供一种2-氨基-4溴吡啶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)酯化反应:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐酯化得到4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯粗品;
(2)氨化反应:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯粗品经氨化得到4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺;
(3)霍夫曼降解反应:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺经霍夫曼降解得到2-氨基-4-溴吡啶;
其合成路线如下:
进一步,酯化反应中:以4-溴吡啶盐酸盐、丙酮酸乙酯、双氧水、硫酸亚铁、硫酸和二氯甲烷为原料;其中,4-溴吡啶盐酸盐、丙酮酸乙酯、双氧水、硫酸亚铁称作反应原料,其摩尔配比为:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐:丙酮酸乙酯:双氧水:硫酸亚铁=1︰1~5︰1~5︰1~5;硫酸的用量为0.5~1.5L/kg反应原料,二氯甲烷的用量为10~20L/kg反应原料;反应温度≤0℃。
优选的,酯化反应中:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐、丙酮酸乙酯、双氧水、硫酸亚铁称作反应原料,其摩尔配比为:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐:丙酮酸乙酯:双氧水:硫酸亚铁=1︰3~5︰3~5︰3~5。
更优选的,酯化反应中,硫酸用量为1L/kg反应原料,二氯甲烷用量20L/kg反应原料。
具体的,4-溴吡啶盐酸盐酯化反应得4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯采用下述方式进行:将二氯甲烷、4-溴吡啶盐酸盐游离后的二氯甲烷溶液、硫酸亚铁以及硫酸于低于零下10℃下搅拌反应,然后滴加丙酮酸乙酯-双氧水溶液,滴加过程中温度控制在零下10度到0度之间,滴完继续保温搅拌至少1小时(优选为1小时),TCL检测反应结束;再将反应体系与水通过搅拌、分液,直至水相无色,浓缩有机相得4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯粗品;其中,4-溴吡啶盐酸盐游离后的二氯甲烷溶液由下述方法制得:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐溶于水中,调pH至7~9(优选为8),用二氯甲烷萃取至少三次;丙酮酸乙酯-双氧水溶液由下述方法制得:0℃下在丙酮酸乙酯中滴加双氧水,滴加过程中温度控制在0℃以下,然后将丙酮酸乙酯与双氧水搅拌混匀。
优选的,上述4-溴吡啶盐酸盐酯化反应得4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯的方式中,将反应体系加入水中,充分搅拌30min,分液,反复此操作,直至水相无色。
进一步,氨化反应中,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯的粗品和氨水的比例为1kg/3~5升(优选为1kg/4升);反应温度为20~30℃,TCL检测反应结束,氨化反应中,反应时间以薄层层析板检测至原料消失来为止。
具体的,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯氨化得4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺的方法为:将4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯分批滴加入氨水中,甲烷搅拌过夜,离心,得到粗品用乙酸乙酯泡洗,离心,得到4-溴吡啶酰胺。
进一步,霍夫曼降解反应中,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺、氢氧化钠、溴单质的摩尔比为:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺︰氢氧化钠︰溴单质=1︰2~6︰1.4~2.5,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺、氢氧化钠、溴素总称为反应原料,水的添加量为5~15L/kg反应原料;霍夫曼降解反应的温度为65~90℃,TCL检测至反应结束,降至室温,离心,得到粗品,用甲苯结晶,得到纯品2-氨基-4溴吡啶。
优选的,霍夫曼降解反应中,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺、氢氧化钠、溴单质的摩尔比为:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺︰氢氧化钠︰溴素=1︰6︰1.75,水的添加量为10L/kg反应原料;霍夫曼降解反应的温度为80℃。
具体的,4-溴吡啶酰胺反应得2-氨基-4溴吡啶的方法为:氢氧化钠水溶液降温至0度,再向其中滴加溴单质,滴完降温至不高于10度,再分批加入4-溴吡啶酰胺,加完保温搅拌至少一个小时,然后加热至65~90℃(优选为80℃)反应至少一个小时(优选为1小时),TCL检测至反应结束,降至室温,离心,得到粗品,用甲苯结晶,得到纯品2-氨基-4溴吡啶。
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步的描述,并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例1
第一步:于20升三口瓶中加入丙酮酸乙酯,降温至0度,机械搅拌下滴加双氧水,滴加过程控制温度0度以下,滴完放置待用;
于200升反应釜中加入二氯甲烷以及4-溴吡啶盐酸盐游离后的二氯甲烷溶液(如取5公斤4-溴吡啶盐酸盐,溶于30升水中,用碳酸氢钠调PH至8,用50升二氯甲烷分三次萃取),硫酸亚铁和浓度为50wt%的硫酸水溶液,搅拌下降温至零下10度,滴加之前20升反应瓶中制好的试剂,滴加过程温度控制在零下10度到0度之间,滴完保温搅拌一小时,TCL检测反应结束,将反应体系加入100升水中,充分搅拌30分钟,分液,反复此操作,至水相无色,有机相浓缩,得到粗品8.5公斤,为棕红色液体A,不需纯化,直接用于下一步。
实施例1中第一步各原料配比及第一步反应条件及所得收率如表1所示。
第二步:将8.5公斤A分批加入35升氨水中,甲烷搅拌过夜,离心,得到粗品用乙酸乙酯泡洗,离心,得到酰胺4.5公斤;
第三步:于50升反应釜中加入水,氢氧化钠,搅拌下降温到0度,滴加溴素,滴完降温至零下10度,分批加入酰胺,加完保温搅拌一个小时,然后加热至80度反应一个小时,TCL检测至反应结束,降至室温,离心,得到粗品,用甲苯结晶,得到纯品1.5公斤。实施例1第三步各原料配比及第三步反应条件及所得产品的纯度和收率如表2所示。
实施例2-10
实施例2-10中第一步各原料配比及第一步反应条件及所得收率如表1所示,实施例2-10中第三步各原料配比及第三步反应条件及所得产品的纯度和收率如表2所示;其他步骤及工艺条件均与实施例1相同。
表1
表2

Claims (10)

1.2-氨基-4溴吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)酯化反应:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐酯化得到4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯粗品;
(2)氨化反应:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯粗品经氨化得到4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺;
(3)霍夫曼降解反应:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺经霍夫曼降解得到2-氨基-4-溴吡啶;
其合成路线如式I所示:
2.根据权利要求1所述的2-氨基-4溴吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,酯化反应的反应式如式Ⅱ所示:
所述酯化反应为:以4-溴吡啶盐酸盐、丙酮酸乙酯、双氧水、硫酸亚铁、硫酸和二氯甲烷为原料;其中,4-溴吡啶盐酸盐、丙酮酸乙酯、双氧水、硫酸亚铁称作反应原料,其摩尔配比为:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐:丙酮酸乙酯:双氧水:硫酸亚铁=1︰1~5︰1~5︰1~5;硫酸的用量为0.5~1.5L/kg反应原料,二氯甲烷的用量为10~20L/kg反应原料;反应温度≤0℃。
3.根据权利要求2所述的2-氨基-4溴吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,酯化反应中反应原料的摩尔配比为:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐:丙酮酸乙酯:双氧水:硫酸亚铁=1︰3~5︰3~5︰3~5。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的2-氨基-4溴吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,酯化反应中,硫酸用量为1L/kg反应原料,二氯甲烷用量20L/kg反应原料;硫酸的质量浓度为30%-70%。
5.根据权利要求2~4任一项所述的2-氨基-4溴吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,
酯化反应采用下述方式进行:将二氯甲烷、4-溴吡啶盐酸盐游离后的二氯甲烷溶液、硫酸亚铁以及硫酸于低于零下10℃下搅拌反应,然后滴加丙酮酸乙酯-双氧水溶液,滴加过程中温度控制在零下10度到0度之间,滴完继续保温搅拌至少1小时,TCL检测反应结束;再将反应体系与水通过搅拌、分液,直至水相无色,浓缩有机相得4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯粗品;
其中,4-溴吡啶盐酸盐游离后的二氯甲烷溶液由下述方法制得:4-溴吡啶盐酸盐溶于水中,调pH至7~9,用二氯甲烷萃取至少三次;丙酮酸乙酯-双氧水溶液由下述方法制得:0℃下在丙酮酸乙酯中滴加双氧水,滴加过程中温度控制在0℃以下,然后将丙酮酸乙酯与双氧水搅拌混匀。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的2-氨基-4溴吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,氨化反应的反应式如式Ⅲ所示:
其中,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯的粗品和氨水的比例为1kg/3~5升;反应温度为20~30℃。
7.根据权利要求6所述的2-氨基-4溴吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氨化反应为:将4-溴吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯分批滴加入氨水中,甲烷搅拌过夜,离心,得到粗品用乙酸乙酯泡洗,离心,得到4-溴吡啶酰胺。
8.根据权利要求1~7任一项所述的2-氨基-4溴吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,霍夫曼降解反应的反应式如式Ⅳ所示:
其中,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺、氢氧化钠、溴单质的摩尔比为:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺︰氢氧化钠︰溴单质=1︰2~6︰1.4~2.5,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺、氢氧化钠、溴单质总称为反应原料,水的添加量为5~15L/kg反应原料;霍夫曼降解反应的温度为65~90℃。
9.根据权利要求8所述的2-氨基-4溴吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,霍夫曼降解反应中,4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺、氢氧化钠、溴单质的摩尔比为:4-溴吡啶-2-甲酰胺︰氢氧化钠︰溴素=1︰6︰1.75~2.5,水的添加量为10L/kg反应原料;霍夫曼降解反应的温度为80℃。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的2-氨基-4溴吡啶的制备方法,其特征在于,霍夫曼降解反应为:氢氧化钠水溶液降温至0℃,再向其中滴加溴单质,滴完降温至不高于10℃,再分批加入4-溴吡啶酰胺,加完保温搅拌至少一个小时,然后加热至65~90℃反应至少一个小时,TCL检测反应结束,降至室温,离心,得到粗品,用甲苯结晶,得到2-氨基-4溴吡啶。
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