A kind of cultivation method of nuisanceless potted plant romaine lettuce
Technical field
The present invention relates to growing vegetables field, is a kind of High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology of nuisanceless potted plant romaine lettuce specifically.
Background technology
The most Luo Sha romaine lettuce sold on the market at present; all plucked after aft-loaded airfoil is packed by milpa to be sold to client; its shortcoming one is directly planted in land for growing field crops or protecting field soil; very easily there is damage by disease and insect; vegetable grower is prevention and elimination of disease and pests, and What is more is in order to pre-preventing disease and pest and the use agricultural chemicals of heavy dose, simultaneously; in order to realize high yield, widely use chemical fertilizer.The vegetables one that this condition is produced are dangerous, form harm easily to the health of consumers in general; Two is more and more higher to the quality requirements of many fresh cut vegetables on market, and milpa is plucked in rear transportation can not ensure the fresh of vegetables, causes vegetables to eat mouthfeel raw not good.
In addition, at present most Vegetable state of the art of adopting and shortcoming are respectively:
1. directly program request nursery in basin, can not ensure the germination rate of dish seedling and neat degree;
2. use soil cultivation, easily damage by disease and insect occurs, existing Vegetable technology even deliberately induces seedling strain fibrous root to penetrate field soil;
3. Vegetable fertilising and irrigate and most adopt directly spray, and Vegetable needs dense planting to ensure dish amount and product phase mostly, and large Water spray one easily causes the rotten leaf of vegetables, and then generation disease, two is time-consuming taking a lot of work, and causes cost of labor to increase, is unfavorable for implant mass.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a kind of cultivation method of nuisanceless potted plant romaine lettuce, it comprises the steps:
1) substrate allocation
By soilless culture substrate and organic manure by volume 7-8:2-3 mix;
2) point disk seedling growing
With 40-55 DEG C of water seed soaking 10-15 hour before sowing, drop goes out to dry in the shade for broadcasting;
Select sterile-processed matrix, seedling medium is contained in the dish of cave and strikes off unnecessary matrix, then prepare against sowing with dish compacting 3-5mm in cave of the same race;
Every bunch planting kind 1-2 grain, after planting covers with after the soilless culture substrate of volume ratio 1:1 and vermiculite mixing, strikes off; Water of revealing the exact details beaten by cave dish after planting, is placed on temperature 23-26 DEG C, vernalization under humidity 70-95% environment with after covered rearing with plastic film;
3) seedling management:
After planting about 3-5 days Qi Miao, throw off plastic foil when emergence rate reaches more than 70%, ensure that the substantial light of seedling is shone;
When seedling grows 1-2 sheet true leaf, selected and remain for 1 strain strong sprout in every cave;
Water seedling stage according between dry between moor then, prevent seedling excessive growth;
Due to sufficient nutriment existing in matrix, seedling stage need not topdress;
4) soil dress basin is adjusted:
Add water sterile-processed soilless culture substrate stirring, keeps the wettability of described matrix to be 50-70%; Dress basin, basin is no less than 12cm deeply, the height loading described matrix lower than basin along 2-3cm;
5) pot transplanting is entered:
Pot transplanting is entered when seedling strain grows 2-4 sheet true leaf:
Position, hole of transplanting seedlings is opened up out with positioner of transplanting seedlings;
The identical seedling strain band Tu Tuo of growing way is selected to be transplanted to the position, hole of opening up out in advance;
After whole pot transplanting completes, water permeable;
Described positioner of transplanting seedlings comprises: skeleton, in side, skeleton bottom surface, there is aligned transfer tapered protrusion, described tapered protrusion is used for opening up out position, hole of transplanting seedlings, on described skeleton, side has handle, the axially-extending line of described handle is crossing with positioner center of gravity of transplanting seedlings, described skeleton is the rectangular steel frame structure that some crossbeams and some longerons connect to form, and peripheral crossbeam center and the peripheral longeron center chain of described skeleton are connected to firm line;
5) use drip irrigation system to carry out daily watering, control criterion be dry between matrix in basin between wet;
6) insect protected measure: adopt physics insect-prevention method to carry out expelling parasite and/or desinsection.
Wherein, described soilless culture substrate is the peat composed of rotten mosses of volume ratio 1:1:1, vermiculite and perlitic mixed-matrix.
Wherein, described physics insect-prevention method comprises fly net and/or insect-sticking plate.
Wherein, described conical protrusions is cone.
Wherein, described handle is fixedly connected with by connecting rod with between skeleton, is connected with firm line between the peripheral crossbeam center of skeleton and handle bottom, is connected with firm line between the peripheral longeron center of described skeleton and handle bottom.
Wherein, described tapered protrusion is all detachable, is connected to a fixed and the position of tapered protrusion described in adjustable and quantity by screw thread and described skeleton bottom surface.
The present invention adopts sterile-processed organic substrate soilless culture, effectively can reduce the generation of soil cultivation damage by disease and insect, and matrix secondary significantly can improve the later stage of commercially available seedling medium after vegetables engagement fertile hypodynamic problem after adding organic manure.
The present invention adopts positioner of transplanting seedlings, during use, hold handle, positioner of transplanting seedlings is inserted and has stirred in wetting matrix, suitably rock, can once open up out position, hole of transplanting seedlings, convenient and practical, time and labour saving, reduces cost of labor, and can ensure that the spacing of seedling meets the requirements and neat rule, the non-harmful vegetable potted plantation of batch can be realized.
Simultaneously, the Vegetable anniversary is at green house or family's indoor growing, only need adopt the expelling parasite of the biotechnology such as fly net and insect-sticking plate and desinsection, efficiently solve the food-safety problem that agricultural insecticide brings, and Vegetable can directly live transport to area of consumption, with eating with adopting, farthest ensure that the fresh of vegetables.This technology is particularly suitable for eating consumption market as higher in vegetable requirements such as green salad raw.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1 shows that the present invention transplants seedlings used positioner schematic diagram of transplanting seedlings.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1 is transplanted seedlings positioner
As shown in Figure 1, positioner of transplanting seedlings comprises: skeleton 1, and have aligned transfer tapered protrusion 2 in side, skeleton 1 bottom surface, on skeleton 1, side has handle 3.Tapered protrusion 2 is cone.Skeleton 1 is the rectangular steel frame structure that 3 crossbeams and 3 longerons connect to form.The axially-extending line of handle 3 is crossing with positioner center of gravity of transplanting seedlings.Peripheral crossbeam center and the peripheral longeron center chain of skeleton 1 are connected to firm line 4.Be fixedly connected with by connecting rod 5 between handle 3 with skeleton 1, between the peripheral crossbeam center of skeleton 1 and handle 3 bottom, be connected with firm line 4, between the peripheral longeron center of skeleton 1 and handle 3 bottom, be connected with firm line 4.
For the ease of adjusting the position of tapered protrusion, to adapt to different basin bodies, improve the versatility of positioner of transplanting seedlings, be designed to detachable by tapered protrusion 2 and skeleton 1, tapered protrusion 2 is connected and fixed by screw thread and relevant position, skeleton bottom surface.
Romaine lettuce plantation basin body is 40*20*12cm, and the skeleton 1 of corresponding vaccine positioner is 38*18cm; Tapered protrusion 2 is 3 rows, and often arrange 8, material is plastics.
The cultivation of the potted plant romaine lettuce of embodiment 2
1. point disk seedling growing: select 72 cave black seedling-cultivating trays; Need with 50 DEG C of water seed soakings 12 hours before sowing, drop goes out to dry in the shade standby broadcasting;
Select commercially available high-quality seedling medium (peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite is 1:1:1) and fully the become thoroughly decomposed horsehit and cow dung that dry, the ratio of adding 20L organic manure in 80L matrix carries out secondary proportioning, stirs stand-by.Matrix secondary significantly can improve the later stage of commercially available seedling medium after vegetables engagement fertile hypodynamic problem after adding organic manure.
Deployed matrix is carried out disinfection, matrix is contained in the dish of cave and strikes off unnecessary matrix, then prepare against sowing with dish compacting 3-5mm in cave of the same race; Every bunch planting kind 1-2 grain, after planting with matrix and the vermiculite covering of 1:1 mixing, strikes off; Water of revealing the exact details beaten by cave dish watering can after planting, is placed on temperature 23-26 DEG C, vernalization under humidity 70-95% environment with after covered rearing with plastic film.
Seedling management: after planting about 3-5 days tidy seedlings outputs, throws off plastic foil when emergence rate reaches more than 70%, ensures that the substantial light of seedling is shone; When seedling grows 1-2 sheet true leaf, selected and remain for 1 strain strong sprout in every cave; Seedling stage will pay special attention to management of watering, wet between dry, prevents seedling excessive growth; Due to sufficient nutriment existing in matrix, general seedling stage need not topdress.
Adjust soil dress basin: add water sterile-processed soilless culture substrate stirring, keeps the wettability of described matrix to be 50-70%; Dress basin, basin is no less than 12cm deeply, the height loading described matrix lower than basin along 2-3cm;
Enter pot transplanting: to transplant seedlings positioner (embodiment 1) according to the large little makings of basin body.
Pot transplanting is entered when seedling strain grows 2-4 sheet true leaf:
Position, hole of transplanting seedlings is opened up out with positioner of transplanting seedlings;
The identical seedling strain band Tu Tuo of growing way is selected to be transplanted to the position, hole of opening up out in advance;
After whole pot transplanting completes, water permeable.
This process is select the process of seedling simultaneously, and by the product phase selecting effectively guarantee Vegetable to the identical seedling strain of growing way, by transplanting seedlings, positioner is transplanted seedlings, and can ensure that spacing is consistent, and after becoming basin, product are on very good terms, and can significantly improve efficiency of transplanting seedlings simultaneously.
5. use drip irrigation system to carry out daily watering, control criterion be dry between matrix in basin between wet.
6. insect protected measure: adopt the physical method expelling parasite such as fly net and insect-sticking plate and desinsection.
The inventive method is convenient and practical, can realize omnidistance cultivating without soilization, effectively avoid the generation of damage by disease and insect; Can realization emerge fast, even, neat, more direct engagement seeding technique effectively can ensure that the growing way of seedling strain is unified; What can significantly improve Vegetable enters pot transplanting and irrigation, fertilising efficiency, effectively avoids the rot of Vegetable particularly leaf vegetables to occur simultaneously, is applicable to the plantation of commercial potted plant romaine lettuce batch.Use when the present invention transplants seedlings and to transplant seedlings positioner, convenient and practical, time and labour saving, reduces cost of labor, and can ensure that the spacing of seedling meets the requirements and neat rule, can realize the non-harmful vegetable potted plantation of batch.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.