CN104957696B - 益生菌发酵型饮料的生产工艺 - Google Patents
益生菌发酵型饮料的生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104957696B CN104957696B CN201510313204.5A CN201510313204A CN104957696B CN 104957696 B CN104957696 B CN 104957696B CN 201510313204 A CN201510313204 A CN 201510313204A CN 104957696 B CN104957696 B CN 104957696B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
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Abstract
益生菌发酵型饮料的生产工艺,所述益生菌发酵型饮料的原料为核桃浆或果蔬汁,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:a、将经过杀菌处理的核桃浆或果蔬汁接入益生菌进行发酵,得发酵产物,备用;b、取白砂糖、复合乳化稳定剂、柠檬酸用80‑90℃的水溶解,然后冷却至42‑45℃,得到预处理液,备用;c、将步骤b得到的预处理液加入到步骤a得到的发酵产物中,搅拌均匀,然后加热到55‑60℃,得到混合物料;d、将步骤c得到的混合物料通过过滤、均质、灌装、杀菌、冷却处理,然后包装得到最终产品。本发明制备的益生菌发酵型饮料酸甜可口,醇香浓厚,口感细腻爽滑,均匀稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于发酵饮料的技术领域,具体涉及一种益生菌发酵型饮料的生产工艺。
背景技术
随着社会生活的进步,市场经济的发展,有许多的人因为身体工作的需要补充特殊的物质,人们开始研发一些特殊的饮料。通过调整饮料中营养素的成分和含量,或添加某种物质使饮料中的成分从而达到更易于人体的吸收和口感的清爽。人们从研究牛奶的发酵中得到启发,将乳酸菌应用到谷物的发酵和植物蛋白的发酵,改善了营养成分并提高了利用率。同时,抑制有害的细菌和有毒物质,保护了人体健康。
乳酸菌的第一个功能是能发酵乳糖,经过复杂的化学反应过程最后把它变成乳酸。先把乳糖分解成葡萄糖和半乳糖,最后把它变成乳酸。而经乳酸菌发酵后产生的半乳糖、葡萄糖,产生的半乳糖、葡萄糖不但容易吸收,还是人脑和神经发育所需,尤对婴儿脑发育有益;所产生的乳酸,能促进胃内容物清空,减少胃酸过多分泌,提高钙、磷、铁的利用率,抑制胃肠中的有害细菌。
乳酸菌的第二个功能是分解乳蛋白。植物蛋白中游离氨基酸(组成蛋白质的成分)很少,而乳蛋白的颗粒较大,较难吸收,乳酸菌为了生存,就必须分解蛋白,以得到所需的氨基酸,在乳酸菌的细胞壁上就存在着蛋白酶,能将蛋白质分解成肽,然后把肽吞噬到细胞内,用细胞内肤酶把肽再分解成各种氨基酸,肽和氨基酸易于消化、吸收,提高了蛋白的利用率。例如:奶中的脂肪由于发酵,脂质被分解,因而脂肪酸增加,可比原奶中的脂肪酸多2倍,在成熟奶酪中脂肪酸增加6倍。奶中脂肪本来就是易消化的细微脂肪球,还含有不饱和脂肪酸和卵磷脂,均对心血管有益,再加上乳酸菌的作用,其营养价值更佳,牛奶中的微量元素含量在发酵过程中没有变化,但发酵提高了钙磷的吸收率。
再次,蛋白质是人体生命活动的基础,是组成人体最主要的成分之一。目前世界上有进1/3的居民蛋白质摄取量不足,在我国人民的膳食中平均每日获取的蛋白质比标准低10%-15%。因此必须发展我国的植物蛋白食品。
现代研究表明:核桃仁中含有植物油、蛋白质、糖及磷、镁、钙等矿物质和维生素A、B、C、E,另外还含有锌、锰、铬等人体不可缺少的微量元素。每100g核桃仁中含植物油40-50g、蛋白质15.4g,碳水化合物10g、钙119mg、磷362mg、铁35mg、胡萝卜素0.17mg、核黄素0.11mg。植物油的主要成分是亚油酸甘油酯及亚麻酸、油酸甘油酯。亚油酸、亚麻酸是人体理想的肌肤美容剂,核桃含有14%-17%的优质蛋白质,可消化率达87.2%,核桃蛋白质中人体所需8种必需氨基酸含量合理,对人体有重要功能的谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸,精氨酸的含量均较高,有资料表明:500g核桃仁相当于2500g鸡蛋或4500g牛奶所含的营养价值。
果蔬汁中包含丰富的纤维素和各种益于人体健康的维生素、矿物质等,例如蓝莓果实为蓝色,含有丰富的营养成分。据测定,每100g蓝莓含蛋白质0.5g、脂肪0.1g碳水化合物12.9g、钙8mg、铁0.2mg、磷9mg、钾70mg、钠1mg、锌0.26mg、硒0.1mg、维生素A9mg、维生素C9mg、维生素E1.7mg、及果胶、花青素、紫檀芪等。具有保护眼睛,促进血液循环,增强记忆力,延缓衰老,预防心脏病,抗癌等多种生理活性功能,被誉为“浆果之王”、“超级水果”。
据市场调查乳酸菌产品深受广大消费者的青睐,酸奶中的乳酸菌能在肠道内抑制有害微生物的活动和繁殖,减轻体内有害物质的产生,因此开发益生菌发酵型饮料意义深远。
发明内容
本发明为解决现有技术的缺陷,本发明为实现其目的采用的技术方案是:
益生菌发酵型饮料的生产工艺,所述益生菌发酵型饮料的原料为核桃浆或果蔬汁,包括以下步骤:
a、将经过杀菌处理的核桃浆或果蔬汁接入益生菌进行发酵,得发酵产物,备用,所述的益生菌为保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌,所述保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的质量比为1:1;
b1、当原料为果蔬汁时,取白砂糖、复合乳化稳定剂、柠檬酸用80-90℃的水溶解,然后冷却至42-45℃,得到预处理液,备用,跳转至步骤c;
b2:当原料为核桃浆时,取谷物粉与白砂糖、复合乳化稳定剂、柠檬酸用80-90℃的水溶解,然后冷却至42-45℃,得到预处理液,备用;
c、将预处理液加入到步骤a得到的发酵产物中,搅拌均匀,然后加热到55-60℃,得到混合物料;
d、将步骤c得到的混合物料通过过滤、均质、灌装、杀菌、冷却处理,然后包装得到最终产品。
步骤a的具体操作如下:
①调浆:将果蔬汁或研磨好的核桃浆与75-80℃的水按体积比1:3的比例进行混合;备用;当原料为果蔬汁时,直接跳转步骤③,当原料为核桃浆时,转至步骤②;
②均质:将步骤①混合后的物料进行均质;
③杀菌:将物料于121℃杀菌处理25min,然后冷却至42-45℃;
④接种发酵:将益生菌按体积比3%的接种量接种于步骤③杀菌处理后的物料中,于42-45℃条件下发酵5-6h,得发酵产物。
以最终产品为单位1,步骤b1和b2中采用4-5%的白砂糖、0.2%的复合乳化稳定剂、0.2%柠檬酸用80-90℃的水溶解。例如,生产的发酵型饮料为1000Kg,需要添加40Kg-50Kg白砂糖、2Kg复合乳化稳定剂、2Kg柠檬酸。
步骤b2中所述的谷物粉与核桃浆的质量比为1:9。
所述的谷物粉为大米粉或玉米粉。
步骤d所述的过滤共进行两次,第一次过滤在均质之前,通过100目筛过滤,第二次过滤在均质之后,通过200目筛过滤。
步骤d灌装后于100℃杀菌15min,然后冷却至40-45℃。
所述的复合乳化稳定剂为单双甘油脂肪酸酯、微晶纤维素、黄原胶和蔗糖脂肪酸酯。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明制备的益生菌发酵型饮料,摄入的乳酸菌在人体内进行乳酸发酵能加强消化机能的活力,促进食欲,并能产生抗生素,产品酸甜可口,醇香浓厚,口感细腻爽滑,均匀稳定。
本发明制备的谷物核桃乳发酵型饮料,创新性的采用核桃浆单一发酵,之后再与谷物粉混合,避免了发酵浆分裂、不稳定的现象。本研究将保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合菌种应用于谷物核桃乳中,以1:1比例混合发酵,大大缩短了发酵时间,时间为4-6h,改善酸乳的风味,获得具有谷物、核桃和乳酸菌发酵食品双重优点的乳酸菌发酵谷物核桃乳,提高核桃蛋白质的营养价值和附加值,核桃或果蔬是营养丰富的产品,通过益生菌发酵,把核桃浆或果蔬汁里原有的蛋白质分解成氨基酸,脂肪分解成脂肪酸,更有利人体吸收。上述生产工艺也适用发酵椰子汁植物蛋白饮料的生产工艺。
本发明制备的发酵型蓝莓果汁,具有保护眼睛,促进血液循环,增强记忆力,延缓衰老,预防心脏病的效果。发酵型蓝莓汁饮料生产工艺还适用于发酵型芒果汁、胡萝卜汁、枸杞汁等果汁饮料。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1:以核桃浆为原料
a、原料处理:
研磨成浆:原料采用已脱皮的新鲜完好的核桃仁用三辊研磨机研磨成小于20μm的核桃浆;
调浆:将研磨好的核桃浆与75-80℃的水按体积比1:3的比例进行混合15min;
均质:将上述混合后的物料通过20MPa均质机进行均质;
杀菌:将上述均质后的物料于121℃杀菌处理25min,然后冷却至42-45℃;
接种发酵:将保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌按质量1:1配比的益生菌按体积比3%的接种量接种于上述杀菌处理后的物料中,于42-45℃条件下发酵5-6h,得发酵产物。
b、按大米粉与核桃浆1:9的质量比称取大米粉,然后将大米粉与4%白砂糖、0.2%复合乳化稳定剂、0.2%柠檬酸用80-90℃的水溶解,然后冷却至42-45℃,得到预处理液,备用;其中,复合乳化稳定剂中单双甘油脂肪酸酯:微晶纤维素:黄原胶:蔗糖脂肪酸酯=1:1:1:1。
c、将步骤b得到的预处理液加入到步骤a得到的发酵产物中,搅拌均匀,然后加热到55-60℃,得到混合物料;
d、将步骤c得到的混合物料通过100目筛进行第一次过滤,然后将经过第一次过滤的物料通过25MPa的均质机进行均质,然后将经过均质的物料通过200目筛进行第二次过滤,然后将经过第二次过滤的物料进行灌装,灌装完成后于100℃杀菌15min,然后冷却至40-45℃,然后包装得到最终产品。
本实施例制备的谷物核桃乳饮料为白色略显灰,酸甜可口,醇香浓厚,口感细腻爽滑,乳酸味及核桃味浓厚且柔和,无气泡,均匀稳定。
本发明产品理化参数与性能分析:
1.1核桃浆发酵时间的确定
研磨好的核桃浆与水按1+3质量比混合,取保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌按质量1:1配比的母发酵剂,接种量按体积3%配比,43℃恒温发酵,根据测定pH值确定最佳发酵时间,结果如表1
表1 pH与发酵时间
通过实验观察测定与品尝发酵4h-6h发酵核桃具有良好的组织状态。
1.2谷物与核桃浆发酵
研磨好的核桃浆与米粉9:1混合后,再加入上述混合物料3倍量的水,取保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌按质量1:1配比的母发酵剂,接种量按体积3%配比,43℃恒温发酵,根据测定pH确定最佳发酵时间,结果如表2
表2 pH与发酵时间
通过观察1.2感官不如单一的1.1核桃浆发酵好
1.3将1.1发酵好的核桃浆再加谷物粉冷藏观察
按谷物粉与核桃浆1:9比例,取谷物粉加入1.1发酵好的核桃浆内混合均匀,放入2℃-6℃冷藏观察见表3
表3 pH与发酵时间
通过表2、表3观察得出,加有谷物的核桃乳影响乳酸菌的发酵,不能保持良好的组织状态,采用先单一发酵核桃,后搅拌加谷物粉的方式制作谷物核桃乳效果更好。
综上所述,在上述谷物核桃乳生产过程中,添加谷物粉顺序、核桃浆发酵时间和温度至关重要,添加谷物粉早,影响乳酸菌的发酵,不能保持良好的组织状态,本发明采取先发酵核桃乳,后加谷物粉的方式成功解决了该难题。发酵温度过低或过高,则菌种的活力下降,凝乳能力低。发酵时间太短,核桃乳尚未凝固,会造成凝固性差,发酵时间过长,乳酸菌大量繁殖,产酸量增加,导致核桃乳蛋白变性。
2.1菌种的驯化
保加利亚乳杆菌在谷物液浆和核桃乳混合培养基中生长良好,但在纯核桃乳中,乳酸菌数明显减少,造成凝固时间过长;而随着核桃乳含量增加,嗜热链球菌表现出非常适应的现象,在产酸达到要求的同时,凝乳均匀,无乳清析出,且在纯核桃乳中的凝固时间比纯牛乳稍长,说明核桃乳中缺少保加利亚乳杆菌生长所必须的因子,核桃乳的可溶性成分主要是一定量的蔗糖、水苏糖、棉子糖等,保加利亚乳杆菌不产生蔗糖酶、α-半乳糖苷酶等,故不能分解利用这些碳水化合物,不能在纯核桃乳中正常生长,嗜热链球菌虽有发酵蔗糖的能力,但产酸能力弱,然而,经过长期的研究发现,球菌和杆菌混合培养的发酵剂随传代次数的增加,球菌的比例逐渐减小,说明球菌的生长繁殖能力相对弱于杆菌,在发酵核桃乳时,应添加一定量的可发酵糖类,如乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖等。2.2发酵剂的选择
嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌以1:1的比例制成发酵剂生产谷物核桃酸乳,产品凝固状态良好,口感较适合,而且在达到相同酸度条件下凝固时间短。
根据菌种的代谢特征,保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌产酸率高,适宜生长温度相近,两者混合比单一菌种产酸量高,其原因在于保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌之间存在共生现象(symbiosis)。
保加利亚乳杆菌在发酵的初期分解乳中的酪蛋白而形成氨基酸(主要是缬氨酸)和多肽,促进了嗜热链球菌的生长,随着嗜热链球菌的增加,乳酸度也随之增加,嗜热链球菌产生的甲酸也促进了保加利亚乳杆菌的生长。
3.1核桃乳色泽的保护
研究表明,核桃仁中含有的单宁是褐变的最主要原因,核桃仁中的单宁主要存在于表皮中(占总量的92%),因此,若去皮不彻底,即使有少量残留于乳中,也会使乳味涩苦、颜色发暗,并且形成褐色沉淀。
均质对核桃乳的色泽有改善作用,乳的均质化能使脂肪球变成数量更多的微细的脂肪球,脂肪球数目的增加,增加了光线在乳中折射和反射的机会,使乳的颜色更白,除此之外,杀菌温度对酸乳的色泽也有影响,发明人经过长期的研究确定了杀菌温度为121℃。
4.1调浆条件的确定
保加利亚乳杆菌表现出很强的蛋白质水解性,能将蛋白质水解为游离氨基酸和多肽,为了使核桃酸乳达到最高蛋白质消化吸收率,打浆温度的确定是非常重要的,打浆温度与核桃蛋白的溶出率有很大关系,经过长期的创造性研究,最终发现打浆温度是77-79℃时打浆效果最好,最后生产出来谷物核桃乳营养价值最好,温度较低时,不利于蛋白质分子和水分子的运动及其相互作用,且蛋白质溶出率较低,当温度高于80℃打浆时核桃蛋白质的空间构象被破坏,蛋白质发生变性,原来分子内部的一些非极性基团暴露到分子表面,蛋白质溶解性下降,促进蛋白质分子间的相互结合而凝结沉淀,而且在77-79℃条件下打浆,蛋白质的溶出率达88%,最终生产的谷物核桃乳中蛋白质含量达1.32%。
5.1关于稳定性的讨论
谷物核桃乳整个生产过程中,突出的技术问题是乳化液极不稳定,极易出现分层、絮凝、合并、破裂等破乳现象发明人针对该问题进行了长期的创造性研究,研究结果总结如下。
5.1.2影响谷物核桃乳稳定性的因素
谷物核桃乳是一种植物蛋白的胶体溶液和水包油(o/w)型乳剂组成的复杂的乳状液,既有蛋白质形成的悬浮液、脂肪形成的乳浊液,又有以糖、盐等形成的真溶液。
谷物核桃乳属于热力学和动力学不稳定系统,本发明通过减小颗粒直径;减少颗粒与汁液密度差;增加汁液粘度的方法来解决此问题。
5.1.3提高谷物核桃乳稳定性的方法
研究结果表明,选择适宜的乳化剂与稳定剂、糖类,合理的杀菌温度与均质条件是提高核桃乳稳定性
①乳化稳定剂可以促进脂肪球和蛋白质的缔合,当添加量适宜时,这种缔合作用使脂肪与蛋白质的复合物在体系中稳定存在,不凝聚,同时也不上浮或沉淀;当添加量不足时,稳定体系不能建立,而添加量过大时,会破坏稳定体系。乳化剂对稳定性的影响最大,它是促进缔合的主要成分和中间介质的有效措施,本发明经过长期的创造性研究在最终确定了乳化稳定剂的含量。
②发明人经过长期的创造性研究发现,分散相液滴减小一半,其分层速度可降低到原速度的1/4,因此,减小分散相液滴的半径是阻止分层的一个有效措施,本发明未实施该措施进行了均质操作,均质前浆液的温度即为80-90℃,在此温度下进行均质,使蛋白质分子展开,暴露出更多的疏水基团,更易定位到油-水界面,帮助稳定核桃乳体系,并且部分展开的蛋白质分子更易与各类添加剂相互作用生成各种复合物来增加体系的稳定性。
③均质不同的均质压力,对均质后料液颗粒的大小有直接影响。均质压力越高,均质后的料液颗粒就越小,脂肪、碳水化合物、蛋白质等与水的混合乳化就越均匀,从而谷物核桃乳的悬浮稳定性就越高。但均质压力也不能过高,因均质压力过高,料液中营养成分损失就越多,浪费电力也增多,同时均质阀等机器损坏程度也就越大。从减少设备损耗和增加体系稳定性等方面考虑,选用20MPa、25MPa二次均质。二次均质的目的在于使谷物核桃乳中的乳化稳定剂的颗粒进一步变小并粘附在蛋白质粒子的表面,借此提高其稳定性,二次均质后的谷物核桃乳液柔润细腻、细微可口,能进一步组织乳液中的脂肪上浮。
均质处理后已微细化的蛋白质,会再结合成粗大的粒子,产生沉淀,为防止出现这种情况,必须提高蛋白质和分散介质的亲和性,采用羟基多的糖类来提高这种亲和性,糖类中蔗糖与蛋白质的亲和性最高。
谷物核桃乳饮料营养丰富,很适合一般腐败菌的生长,特别是其中的芽孢杆菌,一般常压杀菌难以奏效,必须采用高压杀菌,但过强的杀菌处理,易使核桃乳中蛋白质变性、分离并可使脂肪上浮,发明人经过长期的研究总结到步骤a采用121℃杀菌处理25min,既达到了杀菌的效果,也不会造成蛋白质分离和变性。
6.1发酵核桃乳的物理学变化
1.脂肪的变化
脂肪在前2h变化甚微,2h-4h明显降低,由4.79g/100ml降至2.68g/100ml,6h-8h趋于平缓,说明脂肪在发酵过程中部分分解成脂肪酸,脂肪酸的含量增加了。
2.氨基态氮的变化
氨基态氮的变化在6h达到最大(6.90mg/100ml),6h-10h基本没有变化,因此最佳发酵时间控制在6h为宜,经6h分解,氨基态氮的含量由1.22mg/ml增至7.30mg/100ml,增加了5.98倍,氨基态氮的变化可间接说明可溶性蛋白及游离氨基酸的增加,更有利于人体对蛋白质的吸收,提高了蛋白质的利用率。
3.必需氨基酸的变化
分解后的谷物核桃乳不仅游离氨基酸的含量增加,而且其中人体所需的必需氨基酸的含量也显著提高,蛋氨酸的含量由0.03mg/100mg增加至2.50mg/100mL,所以经过发酵,谷物核桃乳的营养价值得以提高。
谷物核桃乳中蛋白质被乳酸菌的蛋白酶分解成多肽,后者进一步被肽酶分解成氨基酸,发酵后的氨基酸是未发酵谷物核桃乳的3-7倍。
实施例2:以蓝莓果汁为原料
a、调浆:将市场采购的蓝莓果汁与80-90℃的水按体积比1:3的比例进行混合;
杀菌:将上述均质后的物料于121℃杀菌处理25min,然后冷却至42-45℃;
接种发酵:将保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌按质量1:1配比的益生菌按体积比3%的接种量接种于上述杀菌处理后的物料中,于42-45℃条件下发酵4-5h,得发酵产物;
b、将5%白砂糖、0.2%复合乳化稳定剂、0.2%柠檬酸用80-90℃的水溶解,然后冷却至42-45℃,得到预处理液,备用;其中,复合乳化稳定剂中单双甘油脂肪酸酯:微晶纤维素:黄原胶:蔗糖脂肪酸酯=2:3:3:2。
c、将步骤b得到的预处理液加入到步骤a得到的发酵产物中,搅拌均匀,然后加热到55-60℃,得到混合物料;
d、将步骤c得到的混合物料通过100目筛进行第一次过滤,然后将经过第一次过滤的物料通过10MPa的均质机进行均质,然后将经过均质的物料通过200目筛进行第二次过滤,然后将经过第二次过滤的物料进行灌装,灌装完成后于100℃杀菌15min,然后冷却至40-45℃,然后包装得到产品。
本实施例制备的发酵型蓝莓果汁饮料呈淡蓝色均匀的液体,粘稠适度,口感清爽,味道酸甜可口,组织状态均匀。
蓝莓果汁发酵时间的确定
蓝莓果汁与水1:3质量比混合,取保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌按质量1:1配比的母发酵剂,接种量按体积3%配比,43℃恒温发酵,根据测定pH值确定最佳发酵时间,结果如表4
表4 pH与发酵时间
通过实验观察测定与品尝发酵4h-5h发酵蓝莓果汁具有良好的组织状态,pH值适中。
在发酵蓝莓果汁生产过程中,蓝莓汁发酵时间和温度至关重要。发酵温度过低或过高,则菌种的活力下降,凝乳能力低。发酵时间太短,果汁尚未凝固,会造成凝固性差;发酵时间过长,乳酸菌大量繁殖,产酸量增加,导致组织状态不稳定。均质、过滤目的是是原料混合均匀,产品细腻爽滑。第一次灭菌目的杀灭蓝莓果汁中的杂菌确保乳酸菌的正常生长和繁殖。
Claims (5)
1.益生菌发酵型饮料的生产工艺,所述益生菌发酵型饮料的原料为核桃浆或果蔬汁,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a、将经过杀菌处理的核桃浆或果蔬汁接入益生菌进行发酵,得发酵产物,备用,所述的益生菌为保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌,所述保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的质量比为1:1;
b1、当原料为果蔬汁时,取白砂糖、复合乳化稳定剂、柠檬酸用80-90℃的水溶解,然后冷却至42-45℃,得到预处理液,备用,跳转至步骤c;
b2:当原料为核桃浆时,取谷物粉与白砂糖、复合乳化稳定剂、柠檬酸用80-90℃的水溶解,然后冷却至42-45℃,得到预处理液,备用,所述的谷物粉为大米粉,所述的谷物粉与核桃浆的质量比为1:9;
c、将预处理液加入到步骤a得到的发酵产物中,搅拌均匀,然后加热到55-60℃,得到混合物料;
d、将步骤c得到的混合物料通过过滤、均质、灌装、杀菌、冷却处理,然后包装得到最终产品;
步骤a的具体操作如下:
①调浆:将果蔬汁或研磨好的核桃浆与75-80℃的水按体积比1:3的比例进行混合,备用;当原料为果蔬汁时,直接跳转步骤③,当原料为核桃浆时,转至步骤②;
②均质:将步骤①混合后的物料进行均质;
③杀菌:将物料于121℃杀菌处理25min,然后冷却至42-45℃;
④接种发酵:将益生菌按体积比3%的接种量接种于步骤③杀菌处理后的物料中,于42-45℃条件下发酵4-6h,得发酵产物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌发酵型饮料的生产工艺,其特征在于:以步骤d所得的最终产品为单位1,步骤b1和b2中采用4-5%的白砂糖、0.2%的复合乳化稳定剂、0.2%柠檬酸用80-90℃的水溶解。
3.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌发酵型饮料的生产工艺,其特征在于:步骤d所述的过滤共进行两次,第一次过滤在均质之前,通过100目筛过滤,第二次过滤在均质之后,通过200目筛过滤。
4.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌发酵型饮料的生产工艺,其特征在于:步骤d灌装后于100℃杀菌15min,然后冷却至40-45℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌发酵型饮料的生产工艺,其特征在于:所述的复合乳化稳定剂为单双甘油脂肪酸酯、微晶纤维素、黄原胶和蔗糖脂肪酸酯。
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