CN104936760A - 用于提高缩聚物熔体的固有粘度的方法和装置 - Google Patents
用于提高缩聚物熔体的固有粘度的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于提高缩聚物熔体在负压下的固有粘度的一种方法和一种装置,其中熔体通过具有多个直径小于0.5mm的开口(26)的孔板或筛网(16)进入腔室(25)中,在所述腔室中存在小于20毫巴的负压。熔体作为细丝线按自由落体经过该腔室(25)并且在腔室(25)下方的收集容器(19)中停留至少一分钟。在收集容器(19)中由蜗杆形的混合及排出部件(27)使熔体持续运动并且将熔体从收集容器(19)中排出。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于提高缩聚物熔体在负压下的固有粘度的方法。
此外,本发明还涉及一种用于提高缩聚物熔体的固有粘度的装置,所述装置具有处于负压下的腔室,所述腔室具有至少一个开口,通过所述开口,熔体进入腔室中并且熔体可以不接触腔室地经过所述开口。
背景技术
缩聚物(PET、PBT、PEN、PC等)是通过缩聚制造的热塑性塑料。在缩聚时,单体通过反应产物(例如水)的裂化通过分级反应联结成缩聚物。缩聚因而与链生长关联。该分子链长度决定性地确定产品还有缩聚物的机械特性。该过程不仅在例如PET新物品的制造中是重要的,而是非常特别地在这样的产品的回收利用中有重要的作用。
已知的是,聚酯是吸湿的并且结合湿气。在挤压机上处理例如PET时,在存在水时发生所谓的水解,即聚合物链分裂,这导致固有粘度降低。为了保持这种材料损害尽可能小,通常在挤出机上处理之前对PET进行干燥。但不能完全防止这种材料损害。
同样已知,聚酯在高温下和真空或惰性气体下的停留引起缩聚并且因此提高聚酯的粘性。已知的熔体缩聚或固相缩聚的方法或两者组合通常用于由低分子的原材料制造高分子的聚酯。
在固相缩聚中,原材料必须以固态的形式作为颗粒或作为具有足够的散装质量的经清洗的碾磨料存在。以其他形式、例如纤维或膜片形式的PET必须通过损害材料的和耗费能量的挤压过程转化为颗粒形式,以便可以进行固相缩聚。为了进一步处理,必须加热原材料,其中在结晶温度(80℃-120℃)时会发生颗粒体的粘接。为了防止出现这种情况,将材料首先输送给所谓的结晶器,在所述结晶器中,在持续搅拌的情况下将材料加热超过所谓的结晶温度。现在可流动的材料然后可以输送给固相缩聚容器,在那里进一步将所述材料加热至大约190℃至250℃并且在真空或惰性气体下停留数小时,直到达到希望的固有粘度。这些过程不连续、半连续和连续实施。
在现有的熔体缩聚方法中,聚酯熔体通常在大约265℃至300℃的温度中并在大约1毫巴的强烈真空下停留数小时,以便达到希望的固有粘度。这些方法主要用于制造新物品并且不适于回收利用聚酯。
在材料再利用形式的塑料回收利用的目的在最宽泛的意义上是由现有的废料制造新产品。对于热塑性塑料,这里通常大多进行到再生物的转变并且接着进行进一步到最终产品的转变。每次转变通常都要进行加热和冷却过程。每次加热在很多塑料中都会引起聚合物的不可逆的损害,同样这些加热和冷却过程意味着高的能量使用量,这同时导致较低价值的聚合物。
发明内容
本发明的任务是,提供一种在缩聚物、如聚酯的再处理中的节能的过程,通过所述过程可以改善缩聚物的质量并且因此允许由低分子的废料制造高质量的聚合物。
该任务按开头所述类型的方法这样来解决,使所述熔体通过具有多个直径小于0.5mm的开口的孔板或筛网进入腔室中,在所述腔室中存在小于20毫巴的负压,熔体以细丝的形式以自由落体经过所述腔室,熔体在腔室下方的收集容器中停留至少一分钟,并且在收集容器中由优选蜗杆形的混合及排出部件使熔体持续运动并将熔体从收集容器中排出。
在开头所述类型的装置中,所述任务如下解决,在腔室的上方设置具有多个直径小于0.5mm的开口的孔板或筛网,在所述腔室中存在小于20毫巴的负压,并且在腔室的下方设置具有优选蜗杆形的混合及排出部件的收集容器。
因此在用于借助熔体缩聚提高缩聚物的固有粘度(内在的粘度(iV))的按照本发明的方法和按照本发明的装置中,通过孔板或孔筛网将熔体引入处于负压下或用惰性气体填充的反应室中并且使其在那里停留确定的时间,直到熔体具有希望的固有粘度,并且随后例如通过孔板或起成形作用的塑料模具将其排出。
分子量的提高通过参数如温度、真空压力,停留时间以及熔体表面和其持续的更新影响。为了尽可能经济地设计所述反应,其中这些影响参数的正确地相互作用的优化的方法技术上的解决方案是重要的。
然而利用按照本发明的方法和按照本发明的装置可以不仅可以将杂质如水而且也可以将其他杂质、例如溶剂、清洁剂或特别一般性地可以将在塑料材料的制造或回收利用中出现的湿气和蒸发的组成部分和/或空气从塑料熔体分离。
下面参考PET的回收利用来举例说明本发明的优点,但这不应该理解为本发明仅限于为回收利用和/或PET或仅限于所述装置的具体描述的结构。
在回收利用时首先如由现有技术已知的那样粉碎PET材料,必要时仅限净化、熔化、脱气和过滤。在过滤之后,根据本发明通过温度调节的熔体管道将熔体例如输送给孔板。通过设置优化的温度并且通过所建立的压力,熔体被挤压通过孔板。根据处理能力,在孔板中有不同数量的小孔。这些孔对于PET具有例如0.3mm的直径。但孔板例如也可能构造成筛、栅格或类似物。分别按照期望的处理能力和结果,在开口直径小于0.5mm、优选0.05和0.5mm之间、特别优选0.1和0.3mm之间时实现了特别好的结果。对于非圆形的孔,其面积相当于具有以上所述直径的孔的面积。
在孔板下游,由于重力还进一步变细的丝线到达处于负压、优选真空下的腔室中。所述腔室也可以用干燥的气体填充或用干燥的气体冲刷。分别根据希望的固有粘度,腔室中的真空可以选择得较高或较低。优选以0.5至20毫巴之间的压力工作,因为在这样的压力下一方面能够实现良好的结果,另一方面所述压力可以利用市场上常见的真空泵产生。反应在所述腔室中仅限。水由于真空从熔体内部扩散到表面上。由于真空和温度,水转变成水蒸汽,或者溶剂或类似物可以蒸发和/或空气可以从熔体中逸出并且然后从腔室中导出。如果按照本发明的装置例如设置在挤出机下游,则缩短的分子链可以再次延长。可以通过适当地设计所述装置和方法影响所得到的塑料质量。
例如按照本发明的用于加工PET的装置可以设计成,使用具有直径分别为0.3mm的3000个孔的孔板和在3毫巴的负压时在腔室中2米的自由下降高度。这通过重力和真空的作用得到大约0.2mm的熔体丝直径,这样的直径实现了对熔体非常好的净化或脱气。
当然,分别根据期望的处理能力,对于每个孔板或筛网可以使用多于或少于3000个孔、优选在1000至5000个孔之间、例如2000或4000个孔。也可以使用大于或小于2米的高度。优选是1.5m至4m的高度、尤其是2m、2.5m、3m或3.5m的高度。
熔体以细的熔体丝的形式通过腔室向下掉落并且杂质、如水扩散到表面上并且由于温度和负压蒸发。通过细的熔体丝在腔室中向下的不受阻碍的竖直运动,实现了有效熔体表面的非常明显的加大。
通过从PET熔体中去除水,短的分子链连接成较长的链,这实现了分子量的升高并因此使得固有粘度的提高。
在腔室的下端部上,熔体收集在收集容器中并且在优选至少一分钟、优选至少三或四分钟的停留持续时间之后例如通过排出挤出机输送给用于成粒的装置、其成形作用的模具或输送到另一个构造相同或类似的腔室中,其中在第一腔室的末端或在下一个腔室的始端上或在该两个腔室之间的行程上的任意位置可以设置加热设备,利用所述加热设备塑料可以保持在其熔点、即塑料塑性流动的温度。
按照本发明的方法和按照本发明的装置可以以简单的方式单独地按照顾客要求适配和制造或实施,其中也可以扩充或补充现有的用于制造或用于回收利用塑料的设备。
本发明的其他优选的实施形式是其余的从属权利要求的主题。
附图说明
由下面参考附图对本发明的优选实施例的说明得出本发明的其他特征和优点。其中:
图1示出具有按照本发明的装置的用于回收利用塑料的设备的正视图;
图2示出图1的设备的俯视图;
图3示出按照本发明的容器的剖视图;
图4示出图3的容器沿线IV-IV的剖视图;
图5示出在反应器中的停留时间对iV值的影响的图线;以及
图6至12示出蜗杆形的混合及排出部件的备选的实施形式。
具体实施方式
在图1和2中示例性地示出回收利用设备,其在以1表示的组件中具有用于粉碎和挤出缩聚物、例如由PET或其他缩聚物组成的纤维、膜片、深拉膜片的装置。该组件可以如由现有技术已知的那样构成并且不是本发明的主题。示例性地针对PET的回收利用说明所述回收利用设备,但不限于这种塑料。
例如PET回收物品或PET新品颗粒可以分别按照需要通过装料系统(单轴粉碎机、切割压缩机、料仓、用于颗粒的计量装置等)输送给挤出机。根据装料系统,原材料(纤维、运输团块、塑料瓶磨料、膜片、颗粒等)通过单轴粉碎机或切割压缩机粉碎、压缩并且可选地表面除湿,或通过计量系统将所述颗粒输送给挤出机。
已经证实非常有利的是,以上列举的挤出机装备有由现有技术已知的脱气设备。因为结合在未预干燥的PET中的水在挤出时导致水解分解,因此有必要在PET达到熔体状态时对其进行除湿。尽管在熔化过程期间已经发生的固有粘度减小通过水解不再能被补偿,但可以通过从熔体中去除还存在的水基本上阻止进一步的iV降低。更为有利的是,直接在挤出机的脱气设备的下游设置有另一个脱气设备,以及在脱气区上存在2至5毫巴的负压。紧接着挤出之后是过滤单元,所述过滤单元将PET熔体过滤到必要的纯净度和均匀度。
用于对这里后面的熔体反应器进行装料所需的熔体压力通过熔化挤出机或通过可以设置在过滤单元下游的熔体泵9施加。
所述设备的上述构件对于本发明不是绝对需要的,虽然它们对按照本发明的方法和按照本发明的装置的效果起到有利的影响。
用于从来自挤出机的熔体中去除杂质的按照本发明的装置3通过供应或熔体管道4连接到挤出机的输出端2或过滤单元、包括筛网的换网器8和熔体泵9上。熔体管道4根据设备、要求或空间条件水平直接地通向一个或多个容器5或首先垂直沿容器5向上延伸。
所述装置3在示出的实施例中总共包括两个容器5,这两个容器平行并排地设置。分配器管道6、7从供应管道4分别通向一个容器5。在两个容器5下游,集流管10通向造粒机12。造粒机12也可以如由现有技术已知的那样构成并且不是本发明的主题。
容器5例如如图3中所示构成并包括优选圆柱形的管13。通过使圆柱形的管13的长度变化可以以简单的方式在容器5中建立不同的下降高度。在管13的上端部上安装头部件14,并且在管13的下端部上安装具有形成反应室的收集容器19的脚部件15。
在头部件14中,在与管13的连接区域中设置具有多个开口26的孔板或筛网16。分配器空间17沿流动方向位于孔板或筛网16上游,所述分配器空间通过连接开口18与分配器管道之一6或7连接。在分配器空间17中可以在孔板或筛网16上游装入未示出的压力分配器筛网,以便将压力尽可能均匀地分布到整个孔板或筛网16上。
熔体、例如PET熔体借助挤出机或熔体泵9产生的压力挤压通过孔板或筛网16。当熔体被挤压通过孔板或筛网16时,细的熔体丝通过重力自由地并且在不与管13中形成的室25的壁接触地向下掉落。根据处理能力,孔板或筛网16包括不同数量的小的开口。在孔径约为300μm而质量流量约为70kg/h时,例如需要约2000个孔,以便可以取得良好的结果。
通过容器5并且尤其是收集容器19的长度可以影响熔体在室25中的停留持续时间,其中,和影响熔体粘性的温度一样,通过重力进一步变细的细熔体丝的直径并且因此其重量也影响停留持续时间。温度越高,则缩聚通常进行得越快。对于PET,收集容器19中的理想的温度例如优选在270°和300℃之间。通过平行布置多个容器5可以改变按照本发明的装置的处理能力。缩聚的质量以及还有熔体的净化例如也可以通过两个或更多个前后相继地连接的容器5改善。
通过高数量的小孔实现了熔体非常高的表面积-体积比。根据容器5的高度,熔体丝通过重力进一步变细,由此表面积-体积比再次明显提高。在与大的熔体表面积、停留时间、高温度以及真空完美的协同作用中,不只实现了对熔体特别好的净化,还实现了熔体的缩聚反应。通过温度和真空的作用,丝线在熔体状态下被单独向下牵拉直至容器5的收集容器19。
通过熔体高的表面积-体积比、反应器中的高真空和高温度,例如水分子、其他反应产物或挥发性的物质可以在短的时间之内扩散到熔体丝的表面上。在气态下,这些物质可以通过在反应器上施加的真空被迅速去除。
在这里发生的缩聚反应中,分子链在反应产物裂化的情况下延长,这导致固有粘度的提高。
因为熔体丝在腔室25中的下降时间也许不足以实现充分的缩聚,熔体丝在位于脚部件15中的收集容器19中再次汇聚成熔池。由马达28驱动的蜗杆形的混合及排出元件、例如排出挤出机27处于熔池中,所述混合及排出元件优选设计成,使得除了输送作用和建立用于再处理的压力还可以通过对熔体多次的表面更新完成良好的混合作用。代替排出挤出机也可以设置排出蜗杆或类似物。因为熔体持续处于运动中,所述熔体的热分解减少到最小值。
熔体从排出挤出机27被泵送至集流管10。利用后面的连续造粒装置12,可以将熔体处理成高质量的颗粒。借助在排出挤出机27下游的随动模具也可以轻易地由回收PET产生相同的产品,如打包带、纤维、膜片等。这样的使用带来大的优点,即,回收利用的PET在没有预干燥和没有SSP(固相聚合)的情况下通过一次熔化就可以直接处理成高质量的产品。
头部件14和脚部件15与管13连接、例如拧紧。此外在管13上设有与未示出的真空泵的接头22以及必要时还有装配或服务开口23和/或视孔玻璃24。
代替真空泵,也可以将用于连续地或间歇地供应和导出必要时惰性的干燥的气体的管道连接到所述接头上,以便导出分离的杂质。
在试验中确定,对于PET,缩聚在0.5至5毫巴的负压时并且在优选270°至300℃的温度时最快速地进行。在任何情况下,负压都应小于20毫巴。因为负压非常强烈地影响所产生的PET熔体的固有粘度,所以可以通过设置在排出挤出机27下游的用于在线粘度测量的设备11通过改变负压非常简单和快速地进行对固有粘度的调节。
通过脚部件15的特殊构造,可以通过收集容器19的填充高度影响熔体在真空下的停留时间。较长的停留时间引起较大的聚合物链生长并且因此使得固有粘度进一步提高。
在收集容器19中的熔池的填充高度通过适合的传感器调节,所述传感器又控制排出挤出机27。在细的熔体丝上通过高真空和温度开始的缩聚接着在熔池中通过熔体的停留和利用混合及排出部件27保持熔体运动而继续进行。熔池的高度根据要求可以这样大,即,使得排出挤出机27完全或仅部分地被熔体遮盖。然而有利的是,螺旋形的混合及排出元件27不完全由熔体遮盖,如果通过排出元件的旋转运动熔体不断重复地被撕开并使表面被更新。
通过处于排出挤出机27下游的用于在线粘度测量11的设备可以如上面说明的那样通过收集容器19中相应的填充高度和由此实现的停留时间设定或调节希望的固有粘度。
试验显示,熔体丝和熔池组合实现了特别有效的缩聚并且因此在相对非常短的停留时间内已经可以明显提高固有粘度。
在图5中示出在容器5中的停留时间对iV值的影响。在iV初始值较小或较高时得到相近的改善。可以看出,从大约1分钟的停留时间起已经出现固有粘度的提高。在几分钟之后、尤其是从三或四分钟时已经达到了实质性的改善。根据期望的iV结果或改善,六、八、十或更多分钟直到12、十四或16分钟的停留时间是可以设想或有利的。与此对照,已知的熔体反应器要以30分钟至数小时的停留时间来实现类似的结果。
通过收集容器19中的蜗杆形的混合及排出部件27的特殊设计,还可以进一步优化反应过程。
这样轴29相对于总直径的小的芯直径以及特别设计的蜗杆螺纹,例如如图6中所示在腔室19的区域中在(螺纹)板条30上具有孔或空隙31的蜗杆螺纹使得表面积提高并且因此实现PET熔体的表面更新。由此使用于运走裂化产物(例如水)的扩散过程明显变得容易并因此加速聚合过程。
在图7至12中示出轴的其他优选的实施形式。
在图7和8的实施形式中,板条32、33以双螺旋的形式围绕轴的芯34旋绕并且借助辐条35与芯保持距离。借助附加的、平行于轴线延伸的板条36、37,不仅总体上加固轴,而且还附加地改善熔体的混合并提高表面积。在图7中示出的轴具有连续的板条32、33,而板条32、33在图8的实施形式中是中断的(在示出的实施形式中中断两次)。未示出的进一步改善熔体混合的销或类似物可以从外面、例如从蜗杆管伸入由此产生的、优选基本上径向定向的缝隙38中。
图9和10的实施形式类似于图7和8的实施形式构造,然而以双螺旋形式围绕轴的芯41旋绕的板条39、40一直延伸到轴的芯41,并具有部分圆形的通口42、43。代替图9的实施形式的平行于轴线延伸的板条44、45,在图10的实施形式中再次具有用于从外面伸入中断的板条39、40之间的销或类似物的缝隙46。
在图11和12中示出无芯的轴,其中板条47、48也以双螺旋的形式设置,所述板条借助平行于轴线的板条49、50彼此并且与端侧的盘51、52连接。在盘51、52中设置有用于让熔体通过的通口53以及安装有轴颈54、55,利用所述轴颈,所述轴可以被支撑或与邻接的轴连接。
按照图3和4的实施形式的收集容器19中蜗杆形的混合及排出部件27可以仅如分别在图6至12中示出的实施形式那样由轴构成,但也具有这些实施形式的任意组合。例如图7和9的实施形式可以分别在蜗杆形的混合及排出部件27的始端和末端用作导入和输送元件,而图8和10的实施形式在蜗杆形的混合及排出部件27的中间部分中用作混合部段。
通过本发明可以实现如下个别或所有优点:
-再处理非常不同的输入材料(纤维、膜片、塑料瓶碾磨料、打包带、运输料块(Anfahrtskuchen)等);
-除了颗粒之外,可以通过使用起成形作用的模具也直接制造高质量的塑料产品;
-对于例如聚酯可调节的固有粘度;
-输出产品的固有粘度和纯度可以比输入产品的固有粘度和纯度较高(“升级利用(Upcycling)”);
-不需要对聚酯输入材料进行结晶和预干燥;
-不需要通过SSP对聚酯材料进行后处理;
-相对低的设备费用;
-非常短的用于材料的处理时间;
-相对于已知的过程,整个过程关于原材料质量的高的能量效率,因为只需要加热一次;
-现有的回收利用设备可以在没有大的变化的情况下继续使用并且用按照本发明的装置补充装备。
Claims (20)
1.用于提高缩聚物熔体在负压下的固有粘度的方法,其特征在于,所述熔体通过具有多个直径小于0.5mm的开口(26)的孔板或筛网(16)进入腔室(25)中,在所述腔室中存在小于20毫巴的负压,熔体作为细丝按自由落体经过所述腔室(25),熔体在腔室(25)下方的收集容器(19)中停留至少一分钟,并且在收集容器(19)中由优选为蜗杆形的混合及排出部件(27)使熔体持续运动并将熔体从收集容器(19)中排出。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,腔室(25)处于小于10毫巴、特别优选在0.5毫巴至5毫巴之间的负压下。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在腔室(25)中有干燥的气体。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的方法,其特征在于,熔体通过直径在0.05至0.5mm之间的、特别优选在0.1至0.3mm之间的开口(26)进入腔室(25)。
5.按照权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征在于,熔体在收集容器(19)中的停留时间为至少1至2分钟、优选至少4分钟。
6.按照权利要求1至5之一所述的方法,其特征在于,熔体依次经过至少两个腔室(25)。
7.按照权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,熔体在所述两个腔室(25)之间通过调温设备保持在要求的熔体温度。
8.用于提高缩聚物熔体的固有粘度的装置,所述装置具有处于负压下的具有至少一个开口(26)的腔室(25),熔体通过所述开口进入腔室(25)中,熔体能不与腔室壁接触地经过所述腔室,其特征在于,在腔室(25)上方设置具有多个直径小于0.5mm的开口(26)的孔板或筛网(16),在腔室(25)中存在小于20毫巴的负压,并且在腔室(25)下方设置具有优选蜗杆形的混合及排出部件(27)的收集容器(19)。
9.按照权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,腔室(25)处于小于10毫巴、特别优选在0.5毫巴至5毫巴之间的负压下。
10.按照权利要求8或9所述的装置,其特征在于,开口(26)的直径在0.05至0.5mm之间、优选在0.1至0.3mm之间。
11.按照权利要求8至10之一所述的装置,其特征在于,对于非圆形的开口,所述开口的面积相当于直径在0.05至0.5mm之间、优选在0.1至0.3mm之间的圆形开口的面积。
12.按照权利要求8至11之一所述的装置,其特征在于,串联地相继设置两个腔室(25)。
13.按照权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,在两个腔室(25)之间具有加热设备。
14.按照权利要求8至13之一所述的装置,其特征在于,收集容器(19)中优选蜗杆形的混合及排出部件(27)不是完全由熔体遮盖。
15.按照权利要求8至14之一所述的装置,其特征在于,设有两个或更多开口(26)或者设有筛网(16)或孔板,并且沿流动方向在所述开口(26)或筛网(16)或孔板的上游设置分配器空间(17)。
16.按照权利要求8至15之一所述的装置,其特征在于,所述优选蜗杆形的混合及排出部件(27)具有至少一个、优选两个与芯(33)借助辐条(35)间隔开的螺旋形的板条(32、33)。
17.按照权利要求8至16之一所述的装置,其特征在于,所述优选蜗杆形的混合及排出部件(27)具有至少一个、优选两个围绕芯(33)螺旋形设置的、带有通口(31、42、43)的板条(30、39、40)。
18.按照权利要求8至17之一所述的装置,其特征在于,所述优选蜗杆形的混合及排出部件(27)是无芯的并且具有至少一个、优选两个螺旋形设置的板条(47、48),所述板条利用轴颈(54、55)固定在端侧的盘(51、52)上。
19.按照权利要求16至18之一所述的装置,其特征在于,所述一个或多个板条(30、32、33、39、40、47、48)借助平行于轴线延伸的板条(36、37、44、45、49、50)相互连接。
20.按照权利要求16至18之一所述的装置,其特征在于,所述板条(32、33、39、40)通过缝隙(38、46)中断。
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PCT/AT2013/000151 WO2014040099A1 (de) | 2012-09-12 | 2013-09-12 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erhöhen der grenzviskosität einer polykondensatschmelze |
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CN108349113A (zh) * | 2015-03-23 | 2018-07-31 | 下代回收机有限公司 | 用于处理塑料熔体的设备以及方法 |
CN108349113B (zh) * | 2015-03-23 | 2020-05-05 | 下一代回收机有限公司 | 用于处理塑料熔体的设备以及方法 |
CN111051037A (zh) * | 2017-09-05 | 2020-04-21 | Bb工程有限公司 | 用于净化聚合物熔体的方法和装置 |
CN111051037B (zh) * | 2017-09-05 | 2023-03-14 | Bb工程有限公司 | 用于净化聚合物熔体的方法和装置 |
CN112313054A (zh) * | 2018-07-03 | 2021-02-02 | 下一代回收机有限公司 | 由初级材料和次级材料制备缩聚物熔体的方法 |
CN112313054B (zh) * | 2018-07-03 | 2022-06-21 | 下一代回收机有限公司 | 由初级材料和次级材料制备缩聚物熔体的方法 |
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BR112015005451A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
AT513443B1 (de) | 2016-08-15 |
ES2939022T3 (es) | 2023-04-18 |
MX361433B (es) | 2018-12-06 |
IL237555A0 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
IN2015DN02770A (zh) | 2015-09-04 |
IL237555B (en) | 2018-11-29 |
KR102134346B1 (ko) | 2020-07-23 |
EP2895311A1 (de) | 2015-07-22 |
EP2895311B1 (de) | 2022-11-30 |
DE112013004438B4 (de) | 2024-02-15 |
CA2887775A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
US20150266209A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
KR20150079600A (ko) | 2015-07-08 |
AT513443A1 (de) | 2014-04-15 |
BR112015005451B1 (pt) | 2021-03-02 |
JP6240197B2 (ja) | 2017-11-29 |
JP2015535757A (ja) | 2015-12-17 |
DE112013004438A5 (de) | 2015-07-30 |
LU92679B1 (de) | 2015-07-11 |
CN104936760B (zh) | 2017-03-29 |
MX2015003177A (es) | 2015-10-22 |
CA2887775C (en) | 2020-11-03 |
CH708866B1 (de) | 2018-03-15 |
US9908263B2 (en) | 2018-03-06 |
PL2895311T3 (pl) | 2023-06-05 |
WO2014040099A1 (de) | 2014-03-20 |
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