CN104918834B - 混合动力车辆的控制装置 - Google Patents
混合动力车辆的控制装置 Download PDFInfo
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Transportation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的控制装置适用于包含能够在稀薄燃烧与化学计量燃烧之间进行燃烧方式的切换的内燃机的混合动力车辆。控制装置执行将内燃机的工作点限制在稀薄燃烧用的噪声抑制线(LnvL)或化学计量燃烧用的噪声抑制线(LnvS)上的噪声抑制控制,以抑制在动力传递机构产生的噪声。在噪声抑制控制的执行期间从稀薄燃烧向化学计量燃烧切换的情况下,控制装置使内燃机的工作点从B点变化至比噪声抑制线(LnvL)靠低转矩侧的B'点,然后变更空燃比。控制装置将内燃机的工作点从空燃比变更后的C'点移动至噪声抑制线(LnvS)上的A点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及适用于混合动力车辆的控制装置,所述混合动力车辆具备能够切换稀薄燃烧和化学计量燃烧的内燃机。
背景技术
已知有通过电动发电机的发电来吸收将内燃机的空燃比向比理论空燃比靠浓侧变更时产生的发动机转矩的增加的控制装置(专利文献1)。该控制装置考虑空气量的响应延迟而增加向内燃机供给的燃料量,以使得在短时间内空燃比向浓侧切换。除此以外,作为与本发明关联的在先技术文献,存在专利文献2和3。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2005-163667号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2005-127185号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2008-201351号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
设置于混合动力车辆的内燃机和电动发电机的各转矩经由包含齿轮组的动力传递机构输出至驱动轮。由于传递给动力传递机构的转矩的变动,有时会在动力传递机构产生齿轮彼此在齿轮组的齿隙间相互碰撞的打齿声等噪声。特别是由于要求驱动转矩的大部分由内燃机的发动机转矩提供,电动发电机的马达转矩在0Nm附近的情况下容易产生这样的噪声。另外,存在发动机转矩越高则该噪声越恶化的倾向。因此,以往以来进行了通过实机试验等确定噪声恶化区域,并预先设定避免该区域的噪声抑制线,将内燃机的工作点限制在噪声抑制线上的噪声抑制控制。
已知有为了提高燃料经济性而在稀薄燃烧与化学计量燃烧之间切换燃烧方式的内燃机。将这样的内燃机适用于混合动力车辆,在变更空燃比的过程中增加了燃料量的情况下发动机转矩暂时增加。当在上述的噪声抑制控制的执行期间伴随着空燃比的变更而发动机转矩增加时,内燃机的工作点向使噪声恶化的方向变化。虽然发动机转矩的暂时增加能够如专利文献1的控制装置那样通过电动发电机的发电吸收,但有限。因此,在噪声抑制控制的执行期间将内燃机的燃烧方式从稀薄燃烧向化学计量燃烧切换的情况下内燃机的工作点有可能进入噪声恶化区域而使噪声恶化。
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,能够抑制伴随着内燃机的燃烧方式的切换的噪声恶化。
用于解决问题的手段
本发明的混合动力车辆的控制装置适用于具备内燃机和电动发电机作为行驶用动力源、且所述内燃机的发动机转矩和所述电动发电机的马达转矩经由包含齿轮组的动力传递机构而输出到驱动轮的混合动力车辆,所述内燃机能够在稀薄燃烧与化学计量燃烧之间变更运转时的燃烧方式,所述控制装置具备:燃烧方式切换单元,通过执行使向所述内燃机供给的燃料量和空气量各自变化的空燃比变更控制,在所述稀薄燃烧与所述化学计量燃烧之间切换所述内燃机的燃烧方式;噪声抑制控制单元,执行噪声抑制控制以使得抑制由所述动力传递机构产生的噪声,所述噪声抑制控制是将由发动机转速和发动机转矩定义的所述内燃机的工作点限制在与所述稀薄燃烧和所述化学计量燃烧各自的情况对应设定的噪声抑制线上的控制;以及过渡控制单元,在所述噪声抑制控制的执行期间所述燃烧方式切换单元将所述内燃机的燃烧方式从所述稀薄燃烧向所述化学计量燃烧切换时,在所述燃烧方式切换单元执行所述空燃比变更控制前使所述内燃机的工作点向比所述噪声抑制线靠低转矩侧变化。
根据该控制装置,在噪声抑制控制的执行期间内燃机的燃烧方式从稀薄燃烧向化学计量燃烧切换的情况下,内燃机的工作点向比噪声抑制线靠低转矩侧变化然后变更空燃比。因此,伴随着空燃比的变更的发动机转矩的增加的起点向低转矩侧移位。因此,由于内燃机的工作点越过噪声抑制线的机会减少,所以能够抑制噪声恶化。
作为本发明的控制装置的一个技术方案,所述过渡控制单元也可以使所述内燃机的工作点沿着等功率线向比所述噪声抑制线靠低转矩侧变化。根据该技术方案,能够一边维持内燃机的功率,一边使工作点向比噪声抑制线靠低转矩侧变化。
在该技术方案中,也可以设定有辅助线,所述辅助线位于比与所述稀薄燃烧的情况对应设定的所述噪声抑制线靠低转矩高转速侧,所述过渡控制单元也可以使所述内燃机的工作点变化至所述等功率线与所述辅助线的交点为止。在该情况下,例如,预料到内燃机的工作点因伴随着空燃比的变更的发动机转矩的增加而进入噪声恶化区域的可能性而预先设定辅助线。由此,伴随着空燃比的变更,发动机转矩以等功率线与辅助线的交点为起点而增加,因此,能够更切实地避免内燃机的工作点进入噪声恶化区域。此外,也能够通过使内燃机的工作点变化至辅助线上为止而不使工作点沿着等功率线变化来抑制噪声。
作为本发明的控制装置的一个技术方案,在所述噪声抑制控制的执行期间所述燃烧方式切换单元将所述内燃机的燃烧方式从所述化学计量燃烧向所述稀薄燃烧切换时,所述过渡控制单元也可以控制所述内燃机,以使得在所述内燃机的工作点位于所述噪声抑制线上的状态下开始所述空燃比变更控制。在噪声抑制控制的执行期间内燃机的燃烧方式通过空燃比变更控制而从化学计量燃烧向稀薄燃烧切换的情况下,由于燃料量暂时减少,所以发动机转矩降低。根据该技术方案,由于发动机转矩的降低的起点位于噪声抑制线上,所以内燃机的工作点从噪声抑制线起向有利于噪声抑制的方向远离。因此,即使不像从稀薄燃烧向化学计量燃烧切换燃烧方式的情况那样在空燃比变更控制之前使发动机转矩降低,也能够在抑制噪声的同时实现燃烧方式的切换。
作为本发明的控制装置的一个技术方案,还可以具备:马达控制单元,使所述电动发电机发电,以使得吸收通过所述空燃比变更控制的执行而向增加方向变化了的发动机转矩的变化;和发动机控制单元,在通过所述电动发电机的发电不能吸收发动机转矩的所述变动的全部的情况下,变更所述内燃机的运转参数以使得发动机转矩降低。根据该技术方案,在通过电动发电机的发电不能吸收发动机转矩的变化的全部而产生剩余能量的情况下,通过降低发动机转矩,能够减少该剩余能量。由此,能够抑制伴随着空燃比的变更的冲击。
此外,在本发明的控制装置中,化学计量燃烧不仅是以与理论空燃比严密一致的空燃比为目标的燃烧,也包含以理论空燃比附近的空燃比为目标的燃烧。另外,稀薄燃烧是以比在化学计量燃烧中为目标的空燃比大的值,即稀薄侧的空燃比为目标的燃烧。
附图说明
图1是表示适用了本发明的一方式涉及的控制装置的车辆的整体构成的图。
图2是说明噪声抑制控制的概要的图。
图3是分别示出了在噪声抑制控制的执行期间从稀薄燃烧切换为化学计量燃烧时实施了本发明涉及的过渡控制的情况下的工作点的变化与实施了比较例的情况下的工作点的变化的图。
图4是实施了过渡控制的情况下的时间图。
图5是示出了在噪声抑制控制的执行期间从化学计量燃烧切换为稀薄燃烧时实施了本发明涉及的过渡控制的情况下的工作点的变化的图。
图6是示出了控制例程的一例的流程图。
图7是示出了图6的子例程的一例的流程图。
图8是示出了过渡控制的其他方式的图。
图9是示出了第二方式涉及的过渡控制的一例的图。
具体实施方式
(第一方式)
如图1所示,车辆1构成为组合了多个动力源而成的混合动力车辆。车辆1具备内燃机3和两个电动发电机4、5作为行驶用动力源。内燃机3构成为具备四个气缸10的直列四缸型的火花点火式内燃机。内燃机3能够在将理论空燃比或其附近的空燃比作为目标的化学计量燃烧与将设定为比化学计量燃烧的空燃比的目标靠稀薄侧的空燃比作为目标的稀薄燃烧之间切换燃烧方式。
内燃机3和第一电动发电机4与动力分配机构6连结。第一电动发电机4具有定子4a和转子4b。第一电动发电机4作为接受由动力分配机构6分配后的内燃机3的动力而发电的发电机发挥功能,并且也作为由交流电力驱动的电动机发挥功能。同样地,第二电动发电机5具有定子5a和转子5b,并分别作为电动机和发电机发挥功能。各电动发电机4、5经由马达用控制装置15与电池16连接。马达用控制装置15对各电动发电机4、5发电而成的电力进行直流变换并存储于电池16,并且对电池16的电力进行交流变换而向各电动发电机4、5供给。第二电动发电机5相当于本发明涉及的电动发电机。
动力分配机构6构成为单独小齿轮型的行星齿轮机构。动力分配机构6具有:外齿轮的太阳轮S、与太阳轮S同轴配置的内齿轮的齿圈R以及将与这些齿轮S、R啮合的小齿轮P保持为能够自转和公转的行星架C。内燃机3输出的发动机转矩被传递给动力分配机构6的行星架C。第一电动发电机4的转子4b与动力分配机构6的太阳轮S连结。从动力分配机构6经由齿圈R输出的转矩被传递给输出齿轮系20等输出部。输出齿轮系20包含:与动力分配机构6的齿圈R一体旋转的输出驱动齿轮21和与输出驱动齿轮21啮合的输出从动齿轮22。输出从动齿轮22经由齿轮23与第二电动发电机5连结。齿轮23与第二电动发电机5的转子5b一体旋转。从输出从动齿轮22输出的转矩经由差动装置27分配给左右驱动轮18。动力传递机构6、输出齿轮系20以及差动装置27包含齿轮组。由于内燃机3和第二电动发电机5的各转矩经由动力传递机构6、输出齿轮系20以及差动装置27从驱动轮18输出,所以这些装置相当于本发明涉及的动力传递机构。
车辆1的各部的控制由电子控制装置(ECU)30控制。ECU30对内燃机3和各电动发电机4、5等进行各种控制。向ECU30输入车辆1的各种信息。例如,经由马达用控制装置15向ECU30输入各电动发电机4、5的转速和转矩。另外,向ECU30输入:输出与加速踏板31的踩踏量对应的信号的加速器开度传感器32的输出信号、输出与车辆1的车速相应的信号的车速传感器33的输出信号以及输出与内燃机3的发动机旋转速度(发动机转速)相应的信号的曲柄转角传感器34的输出信号等。ECU30参照加速器开度传感器32的输出信号和车速传感器33的输出信号计算驾驶员要求的要求驱动转矩,一边切换各种模式一边控制车辆1,以使得相对于该要求驱动转矩的系统效率成为最佳。例如,在内燃机3的热效率降低的低负荷区域中,选择停止内燃机3的燃烧并驱动第二电动发电机5的EV模式。另外,在单凭内燃机3转矩不足的情况下,选择将内燃机3和第二电动发电机5一起作为行驶用驱动源的混合动力模式。
在车辆1以混合动力模式稳定运转的情况下,ECU30使内燃机3的工作点移动,以使得内燃机3的热效率维持为尽可能高。在单凭内燃机3的发动机转矩不能提供对车辆1的要求驱动转矩的情况下,用第二电动发电机5的马达转矩补充要求驱动转矩的不足量。在能够由内燃机3的发动机转矩提供要求驱动转矩的大部分的情况下,第二电动发电机5的马达转矩成为0Nm附近的小的值。在这样的情况下,与第二电动发电机5连结的齿轮23和输出从动齿轮22的彼此的挤压力变弱。因此,内燃机3的发动机转速的变动、发动机转矩的变动被传递给输出从动齿轮22的结果是,齿轮23与输出从动齿轮22在齿隙间相互碰撞而在动力传递机构产生打齿声等噪声。
ECU30实施抑制在动力传递机构产生的噪声的噪声抑制控制。如图2所示,通过发动机转速和发动机转矩定义产生超过了容许限度的水平的噪声的噪声恶化区域Ar,且设定避免该噪声恶化区域Ar的噪声抑制线Lnv。而且,ECU30将内燃机3的工作点X限制在以单点划线表示的噪声抑制线Lnv上,以使得在基于内燃机3的热效率设定的燃耗线La上移动的内燃机3的工作点X不进入噪声恶化区域Ar。噪声恶化区域Ar和噪声抑制线Lnv分别预先通过实机试验等确定,这些信息存储于ECU30。由于噪声产生条件根据内燃机3的燃烧方式的不同而不同,所以按内燃机3的每个燃烧方式设定噪声恶化区域Ar和噪声抑制线Lnv。另外,也按每个燃烧方式设定燃耗线La。如图3所示,与稀薄燃烧对应的噪声抑制线LnvL设定在比与化学计量燃烧对应的噪声抑制线LnvS靠低转矩高转速侧。在稀薄燃烧的情况下,以阴影表示的噪声恶化区域ArL位于比噪声抑制线LnvL靠高转矩低转速侧。在化学计量燃烧的情况下,以阴影表示的噪声恶化区域ArS位于比噪声抑制线LnvS靠高转矩低转速侧。稀薄燃烧的噪声恶化区域ArL比化学计量燃烧的噪声恶化区域ArS大,噪声恶化区域ArL的一部分与噪声恶化区域ArS重合。
ECU30根据要求驱动转矩或其他要求实施空燃比变更控制,所述空燃比变更控制为了切换内燃机3的燃烧方式而实施。考虑空气量的响应延迟,通过向内燃机3供给的燃料量的暂时增加而在短时间内实施从稀薄燃烧向化学计量燃烧的切换。因此,伴随着燃料量的增加,发动机转矩也暂时增加。如图3所示,在噪声抑制控制的执行期间将内燃机3的燃烧方式从稀薄燃烧切换为化学计量燃烧而将工作点从B点变更为A点的情况下,当在B点变更空燃比时,由于发动机转矩的增加而如虚线箭头所示移动至C点,然后到达A点。由于噪声C点位于化学计量燃烧的噪声恶化区域ArS内,所以噪声产生。如实线箭头所示,本方式中,从B点变化至低转矩侧的B′点,然后变更空燃比。即使由于空燃比的变更,发动机转矩增加而到达C′点,由于发动机转矩的增加的起点为比B点靠低转矩侧的B′点,所以也避免了C′点进入噪声恶化区域ArS内。因此,能够抑制伴随着空燃比的变更的噪声。
内燃机3的工作点从B点到达A点为止的各种参数的时间变化如图4的时间图所示。在时刻t1,由于内燃机3处于噪声抑制控制的执行期间,所以工作点位于噪声抑制线LnvL上的B点。在时刻t2,当有从稀薄燃烧向化学计量燃烧的切换要求时,ECU30使发动机转矩降低。由此,内燃机3的工作点从B点变化为B′点。如图3所示,B′点向比等功率线Lp靠低转矩侧偏离。因此,由于用马达转矩补充发动机转矩的降低而维持驱动转矩,所以在时刻t2,在发动机转矩的降低的同时使马达转矩增加。之后,在时刻t3,ECU30执行空燃比变更控制。即,ECU30增加向内燃机3供给的燃料量且减少空气量。由此,发动机转矩暂时增加而内燃机3的工作点从B′点变化至C′点。由于抵消该发动机转矩的增加而维持驱动转矩,所以在时刻t3使马达转矩减少。此外,在增加后的发动机转矩超过驱动转矩的情况下,通过将马达转矩设为负值,也就是说通过第二电动发电机5发电而吸收发动机转矩的变化。在时刻t3增加的发动机转矩通过使空气量减少而逐渐减少。通过空气量的调整,内燃机3的工作点在时刻t4到达等功率线Lp上的A点。
与以上说明的燃烧方式的切换相反地,在噪声抑制控制的执行期间从化学计量燃烧向稀薄燃烧切换的情况下,ECU30在空燃比变更控制的执行前不变更内燃机3的工作点。考虑空气量的响应延迟,通过向内燃机3供给的燃料量的暂时减少而在短时间内实施从化学计量燃烧向稀薄燃烧的切换。因此,伴随着燃料量的增加,发动机转矩也暂时减少。因此,发动机转矩向有利于噪声抑制的方向变化。例如,如图5所示,在噪声抑制控制的执行期间将内燃机3的燃烧方式从稀薄燃烧向化学计量燃烧切换而将工作点从A点变更为B点的情况下,在噪声抑制线LnvS上的A点变更空燃比而不进行图3和图4那样的工作点变更。由此,发动机转矩暂时降低而工作点从A点变化至D点。但是,D点位于稀薄燃烧用的噪声抑制线LnvL的外侧,即低转矩高转速侧,偏离噪声恶化区域ArL。因此,不产生噪声。此外,为了补充伴随着从化学计量燃烧向稀薄燃烧的切换的发动机转矩的降低,ECU30与空燃比的变更同步地使马达转矩增加。
图6和图7示出了ECU30执行的控制例程的一例。图7的控制例程的程序由ECU30保持,并被适时读出而以预定间隔反复执行。在步骤S1中,ECU30参照上述各种传感器等而取得车辆1的车辆信息。若例示ECU30取得的车辆信息,有车辆1的加速器开度、车速、内燃机3的发动机转速以及各电动发电机4、5的转速和转矩。在步骤S2中,ECU30基于加速器开度和车速算出要求驱动转矩Tp。要求驱动转矩Tp基于预先设定的映射算出。在步骤S3中,ECU30基于算出的要求驱动转矩Tp、其他车辆信息,将内燃机3的燃烧方式决定为稀薄燃烧或化学计量燃烧中的任一方。在决定了燃烧方式的情况下,ECU30读出与燃烧方式对应而预先准备的与燃耗线、噪声抑制线相关的信息。
在步骤S4中,ECU30通过求出与在步骤S2算出的要求驱动转矩Tp对应的等功率线、与燃耗线或噪声抑制线的交点,算出成为控制目标的内燃机3的工作点即发动机转速Ne和发动机转矩Te。在将噪声抑制线与等功率线的交点作为成为控制目标的内燃机3的工作点而算出的情况下,内燃机3的工作点被限制在噪声抑制线上。也就是说,实施了噪声抑制控制。
在步骤S5中,ECU30判定是否有燃烧方式的切换要求。该切换要求主要根据系统效率的观点而产生。ECU30分别计算在维持燃烧方式的情况下和在切换燃烧方式的情况下相对于要求驱动转矩的系统效率,并在切换燃烧方式比维持燃烧方式系统效率更高的情况下使切换要求产生。也有可能由于系统效率以外的主要原因而产生切换要求的情况。在有燃烧方式的切换要求的情况下进入步骤S6,在没有切换要求的情况下进入步骤S7。
图7示出了步骤S6的处理内容。在步骤S61中,ECU30判定是否处于噪声抑制控制的执行期间。噪声抑制控制是否处于执行期间以当前的内燃机3的工作点是否被限制于稀薄燃烧用的噪声抑制线LnvL或化学计量燃烧用的噪声抑制线LnvS中的任一个为基准来判定。在处于噪声抑制控制的执行期间的情况下进入步骤S62。在没有处于噪声抑制控制的执行期间的情况下进入步骤S64。
在步骤S62中,ECU30判定内燃机3的燃烧方式是否为稀薄燃烧。该判定基于图6的步骤S3的处理结果而实施。在燃烧方式为稀薄燃烧的情况下进入步骤S63。在燃烧方式并非稀薄燃烧的情况下,也就是说在化学计量燃烧的情况下,跳过步骤S63而进入步骤S64。
在步骤S63中,ECU30变更内燃机3的工作点以使得发动机转矩降低。即,如图3所示,ECU30使内燃机3的工作点变化至比稀薄燃烧用的噪声抑制线LnvL靠低转矩侧。该变更量根据内燃机3的运转状态而设定。既能够在内燃机3的工作点不变化至比噪声抑制线LnvL靠内侧即低转速高转矩侧的限度内使发动机转速和发动机转矩双方变化,也可以如图3所示一边使发动机转速恒定一边只使发动机转矩降低。在步骤63中,也如图4所示,为了补充这样的发动机转矩的降低而将驱动转矩维持为恒定,ECU30以与发动机转矩的降低同步的方式使第二电动发电机5的马达转矩增加。在使发动机转速和发动机转矩双方变化的情况下,如图8所示,也可以使工作点B沿着等功率线Lp变化至比噪声抑制线LnvL靠高转速低转矩侧的工作点B″。在如图8所示使工作点变化的情况下,能够一边维持内燃机3的功率,一边使工作点向比噪声抑制线LnvL靠低转矩侧变化。因此,在图8的情况下,即使在使发动机转矩降低的情况下也能维持内燃机3的功率,因此,能够减少或消除由上述马达转矩的增加实现的辅助。
在步骤S64中,ECU30执行空燃比变更控制而切换燃烧方式。在从稀薄燃烧向化学计量燃烧切换的情况下,ECU30增加向内燃机3供给的燃料量且减少空气量。另外,在从化学计量燃烧向稀薄燃烧切换的情况下,ECU30减少向内燃机3供给的燃料量且增加空气量。通过执行这样的空燃比控制,空燃比在短时间内切换。
伴随燃料量的增加或减少,发动机转矩以从目标脱离的方式变化。因此,ECU30在步骤S65中算出发动机转矩变化的过渡时的发动机转矩Te′。然后,在步骤S66~S68中计算用于抑制发动机转矩的变化的马达转矩。首先,在步骤S66中,ECU30基于过渡时的发动机转矩Te′和要求驱动转矩Tp计算马达转矩基础值Tmb。即,马达转矩基础值Tmb通过Tmb=Tp-Te′计算。接着,在步骤S67中,ECU30分别算出马达转矩的上限值Tmmax和下限值Tmmin。上限值Tmmax和下限值Tmmin分别与电池16的输入输出限制对应。即,由于超过电池16的输出限制而不能驱动第二电动发电机5,所以马达转矩的上限值Tmmax基于电池16的输出限制而计算。另外,由于超过电池16的输入限制而不能使第二电动发电机5发电,所以马达转矩的下限值Tmmin基于电池16的输入限制而计算。电池16的输入输出限制基于额定值而设定。接着,在步骤S68进行马达转矩的保护处理。即,对在步骤S66算出的马达转矩基础值Tmb与上限值Tmmax和下限值Tmmin的每一个进行比较,进行以下的处理,以使得马达转矩Tm不超过这些极限值。
Tmb≤Tmmin时,Tm←Tmmin
Tmb≥Tmmax时,Tm←Tmmax
在步骤S69中,ECU30判定马达转矩Tm是否被上限值Tmmax或下限值Tmmin限制。在限制了马达转矩Tm的情况下,即不能将马达转矩基础值Tmb作为马达转矩Tm使用的情况下,进入步骤S70。在限制了马达转矩Tm的情况下,由于不能通过第二电动发电机5的控制而吸收伴随着内燃机3的空燃比变更控制的发动机转矩的变化的全部,所以产生剩余能量。因此,在步骤S70中,ECU30变更作为内燃机3的运转参数的点火正时而修正发动机转矩。在接着的步骤S71中,ECU30通过向马达控制装置15指示经限制的马达转矩Tm,以与发动机转矩的修正同步的方式控制第二电动发电机5。然后,返回步骤S65,重复步骤S65至步骤S71为止的处理直到限制不再施加于马达转矩。
例如,伴随燃烧方式的切换,内燃机3的发动机转矩向增加方向变化,但在马达转矩Tm受限制而不能通过第二电动发电机5的发电而吸收该变化的全部的情况下,ECU30变更内燃机3的点火正时以使得发动机转矩降低。即,ECU30考虑内燃机3的当前的运转状态而使点火正时延迟或提前。此外,在内燃机3为缸内直接喷射型的内燃机的情况下,也能够通过变更作为运转参数的燃料喷射正时而使发动机转矩降低。由于通过进行这样的发动机转矩的降低控制而剩余能量减少,所以能够抑制伴随着空燃比的变更的冲击。
另一方面,在马达转矩Tm未受限制的情况下,即能够将马达转矩基础值Tmb作为马达转矩Tm使用的情况下,进入步骤S72,ECU30通过向马达控制装置15指示马达转矩Tm而控制第二电动发电机5。在步骤S73中,ECU30判定控制结束条件是否成立,所述控制结束条件是以结束通过第二电动发电机5的发电吸收伴随着空燃比的变更的发动机转矩的变化的控制为条件而设定的条件。例如,将发动机转矩的时间变化率小于预定值设定为该控制结束条件。在控制结束条件不成立的情况下,ECU30使处理返回步骤S65,反复进行步骤S65至步骤S72为止的处理直到控制结束条件成立。在控制结束条件成立的情况下,ECU30在步骤S74中使内燃机3的工作点向目标工作点(Ne,Te)移动。然后,返回图6的步骤S6,结束本次控制例程。
如图6所示,在没有燃烧方式的切换要求的情况下,ECU30在步骤S7中算出马达转矩Tm。该处理与图7的步骤S65至步骤S68为止的处理相同。在步骤S8中,ECU30使内燃机3的工作点移动至目标工作点(Ne,Te)。然后,在步骤S9中,ECU30通过向马达控制装置15指示马达转矩Tm以与内燃机3的工作点的移动同步调的方式控制第二电动发电机5。之后,结束本次控制例程。
通过ECU30执行以上说明的图6和图7的控制例程,能抑制在噪声抑制控制的执行期间切换燃烧方式的情况下在动力传递机构产生的噪声。ECU30通过执行图7的步骤S64作为本发明涉及的燃烧方式切换单元发挥功能,通过执行图6的步骤S4作为本发明涉及的噪声抑制控制单元发挥功能,通过执行图7的控制例程特别是步骤S63作为本发明涉及的过渡控制单元发挥功能,通过执行图7的步骤S65至步骤S72为止的控制作为本发明涉及的马达控制单元发挥功能,通过执行图7的步骤S71,作为本发明涉及的发动机控制单元发挥功能。
(第二方式)
接着,参照图9并说明本发明的第二方式。第二方式中,设定位于比上述的稀薄燃烧用的噪声抑制线LnvL靠低转矩高转速侧的辅助线LnvA,在上述的过渡控制中利用该辅助线LnvA。由于其他事项与第一方式共用,所以省略说明。预料到内燃机3的工作点因伴随着空燃比的变更的发动机转矩的增加而进入化学计量燃烧的噪声恶化区域ArS的可能性而预先设定辅助线LnvA。换句话说,预先设定辅助线LnvA,以使得即使由于燃烧方式的变更而发动机转矩在辅助线LnvA上增加,内燃机3的工作点也不会进入噪声恶化区域ArS。
例如,如图9所示,在噪声抑制控制的执行期间将内燃机3的燃烧方式从稀薄燃烧切换为化学计量燃烧而将工作点从B点变更为A点的情况下,ECU30如箭头所示使内燃机3的工作点从B点变化到作为等功率线Lp与辅助线LnvA的交点的、比噪声抑制线LnvL靠低转矩侧的B″点,然后变更空燃比。如上所述,只要在辅助线LnvA上设定发动机转矩的增加的起点,内燃机3的工作点就不会进入化学计量燃烧的噪声恶化区域ArS。因此,能避免发动机转矩增加后的C″点进入噪声恶化区域ArS。因此,能够抑制伴随着空燃比的变更的噪声。而且,由于第二方式与图8的方式同样地沿着等功率线Lp向低转矩侧变更内燃机3的工作点,所以能够维持内燃机3的功率。因此,能够减少或消除由马达转矩的增加实现的辅助。此外,作为第二方式的变形例,也可以在空燃比变更控制的执行前,使内燃机3的工作点如虚线箭头所示变化至比噪声抑制线LnvL靠低转矩侧且辅助线LnvA上的X点,而不沿着等功率线Lp变化。在该情况下,由于能够避免内燃机3的工作点因为空燃比的变更而进入化学计量燃烧的噪声恶化区域ArS内,所以能够抑制噪声。
本发明不限定于上述各方式,在本发明的主旨的范围内能够以各种方式实施。上述各方式将本发明适用于具备两个电动发电机,且一方电动发电机和内燃机与动力分配机构连结这样类型的混合动力车辆,但本发明的适用对象不限定于该类型的混合动力车辆。例如,也能够对向输出内燃机的发动机转矩的输出部传递一个电动发电机的马达转矩的方式的混合动力车辆适用本发明。
Claims (6)
1.一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,该控制装置适用于具备内燃机和电动发电机作为行驶用动力源、且所述内燃机的发动机转矩和所述电动发电机的马达转矩经由包含齿轮组的动力传递机构而输出到驱动轮的混合动力车辆,所述内燃机能够在稀薄燃烧与化学计量燃烧之间变更运转时的燃烧方式,所述控制装置具备:
燃烧方式切换单元,通过执行使向所述内燃机供给的燃料量和空气量各自变化的空燃比变更控制,在所述稀薄燃烧与所述化学计量燃烧之间切换所述内燃机的燃烧方式;
噪声抑制控制单元,执行噪声抑制控制以使得抑制由所述动力传递机构产生的噪声,所述噪声抑制控制是将由发动机转速和发动机转矩定义的所述内燃机的工作点限制在与所述稀薄燃烧和所述化学计量燃烧各自的情况对应设定的噪声抑制线上的控制;以及
过渡控制单元,在所述噪声抑制控制的执行期间所述燃烧方式切换单元将所述内燃机的燃烧方式从所述稀薄燃烧向所述化学计量燃烧切换时,在所述燃烧方式切换单元执行所述空燃比变更控制前使所述内燃机的工作点向比所述噪声抑制线靠低转矩侧变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制装置,
所述过渡控制单元使所述内燃机的工作点沿着等功率线向比所述噪声抑制线靠低转矩侧变化。
3.根据权利要求2所述的控制装置,
设定有辅助线,所述辅助线位于比与所述稀薄燃烧的情况对应设定的所述噪声抑制线靠低转矩高转速侧,
所述过渡控制单元使所述内燃机的工作点变化至所述等功率线与所述辅助线的交点为止。
4.根据权利要求1所述的控制装置,
设定有辅助线,所述辅助线位于比与所述稀薄燃烧的情况对应设定的所述噪声抑制线靠低转矩高转速侧,
所述过渡控制单元使所述内燃机的工作点变化至所述辅助线上为止。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的控制装置,
在所述噪声抑制控制的执行期间所述燃烧方式切换单元将所述内燃机的燃烧方式从所述化学计量燃烧向所述稀薄燃烧切换时,所述过渡控制单元控制所述内燃机,以使得在所述内燃机的工作点位于所述噪声抑制线上的状态下开始所述空燃比变更控制。
6.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的控制装置,
所述控制装置还具备:
马达控制单元,使所述电动发电机发电,以使得吸收通过所述空燃比变更控制的执行而向增加方向变化了的发动机转矩的变化;和
发动机控制单元,在通过所述电动发电机的发电不能吸收发动机转矩的所述变化的全部的情况下,变更所述内燃机的运转参数以使得发动机转矩降低。
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DE112013006556B4 (de) | 2013-01-31 | 2019-01-17 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Steuerungsvorrichtung für ein Hybridfahrzeug |
JP5915606B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-06 | 2016-05-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ハイブリッド車両の制御装置 |
JP5861745B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-02-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
US20170306863A1 (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2017-10-26 | Walbro Llc | Engine control strategy |
DE102015007913A1 (de) * | 2015-06-20 | 2016-12-22 | Man Truck & Bus Ag | Verfahren zur Online-Adaption einer Kennlinie eines Hybridfahrzeugs |
US9440640B1 (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-09-13 | Borgwarner Inc. | Gear change torque fill strategy |
US10337613B2 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-07-02 | Fca Us Llc | Transmission shift torque management with fuel enleanment |
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