CN104885928A - Rice hybridization and castration method - Google Patents
Rice hybridization and castration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104885928A CN104885928A CN201510322806.7A CN201510322806A CN104885928A CN 104885928 A CN104885928 A CN 104885928A CN 201510322806 A CN201510322806 A CN 201510322806A CN 104885928 A CN104885928 A CN 104885928A
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Abstract
The invention provides a rice hybridization and castration method, belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a novel rice hybridization and emasculation-water spraying-castration method. The rice hybridization and castration method comprises the following steps: 1, selection of a reasonable sowing date; 2, selection of rice plants; 3, pruning of rice ears; 4, emasculation, water spraying and castration; 5, timely and efficient pollination. Through the adoption of the rice hybridization and castration method, the problem that the conventional rice hybridization work fails due to high labor intensity, incomplete castration and damage to pistil is solved; the rice hybridization and castration method has the advantages that the labor consumption and the cost are reduced, the operation is simple and convenient, the hybridization success rate is high, and the economical and environment-friendly effect is achieved, is deeply welcomed by scientific research breeding workers, and has a broad application prospect.
Description
Technical field
A kind of castration method for rice hyberdization of the present invention belongs to crop breeding technical field, and what be specifically related to is the new method that a kind of paddy rice cross breeding cuts grain husk water spray emasculation method.
Background technology
Paddy rice cross breeding improves rice varieties proterties in rice breeding work and creates the indispensable important channel of source of variation.Existing paddy rice cross breeding method respectively has pluses and minuses: 1, manually cut clever emasculating method and compare and take a lot of work, comparatively large to the damage of grain husk flower, and unless you give your whole attention to it, will damage floral organ, reduces ripening rate; 2, lukewarm water gametocide method can Selfing avoidance, and ripening rate is higher, but requires the preference temperature grasped needed for different rice varieties gametocide and time.Also will accomplish not only stamen all killed but also do not cause damage to column cap, its method workload greatly and more loaded down with trivial details; 3, vacuum gametocide method is the method utilizing vavuum pump sucking-off paddy rice stamen, and its speed is fast, is sucked by flower pesticide and does not damage column cap, but needing corollary equipment, larger by condition element restriction.4, chemical emasculation method, emasculation is not thorough, and medicament is residual high, and environmental pollution is heavier.
Rice breeding hybridization technique is anxious to be resolved cost-saving, efficient, is hybridized to the new method that power is high.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention, for above-mentioned several paddy rice emasculating method weak point, provides a kind of castration method for rice hyberdization, technical solution of the present invention employing 1, rationally date of seeding; 2, rice is selected good strains in the field for seed and selects; 3, fringe is repaiied in training; 4, the emasculation of grain husk water spray is cut; 5, in good time, efficient, pollination.Which solve paddy rice cross breeding work in the past, labour intensity is large, emasculation is not thorough and injure gynoecium and cause hybridizing failed problem, it is cost-saving that this technology has saving of labor, easy and simple to handle, be hybridized to the advantages such as power is high, economic environmental protection, deeply welcome by scientific research breeding worker, have broad application prospects.
A kind of castration method for rice hyberdization of the present invention takes following technical scheme to realize:
A kind of castration method for rice hyberdization is as follows:
(1) reasonable date of seeding: paddy rice female parent and the adjustment at male parent florescence, available interval sowing, the methods such as inclined nitrogen fertilizer application, make the two flower synchronization.
(2) rice is selected good strains in the field for seed and selects: mainly refer to and select maternal plant.Need in conjunction with breeding objective, select that there is this kind typicalness shape, robust growth and not have the plant of damage by disease and insect to do maternal.
(3) fringe is repaiied in training: first cut off the small ear on spike of rice upper and lower branch stalk with scissors, namely remove the small ear having ended flower and gone back undeveloped mature, middle part branch is obstructed and the small ear can bloomed the same day stay.The mark can bloomed the same day is that filigree extends, and flower pesticide is about to top to glumelle upper end; The mark of blooming next day is that stamen length has reached 2/3rds of length in bran.
(4) grain husk water spray, emasculation is cut: obvolvent is very tight before flowering for the flower glume of paddy rice little Hua, not easily extracts stamen.The 2/3-3/4 of paddy rice grain husk flower is cut off with scissors.To cut flower pesticide for standard.Wherein especially best with 2/3 effect cutting off flower pesticide, and not injure column cap for principle, false knot reality can be stopped and improve ripening rate.Then with the watering can filling water, the spike of rice having cut grain husk is evenly sprayed water process, make residual flower pesticide imbibition, treat that filigree extends, after ejecting flower pesticide, flick off with finger the object that namely residual flower pesticide reach emasculation gently.Operation terminate after spike of rice is put kraft paper bag, and opening's edge fringe handle under paper bag is amounted to clip not good.Indicate maternal title and emasculation date etc. simultaneously, wait until next step pollination.
(5) efficient pollination in good time: the maternal spike of rice after emasculation, should carry out artificial pollination on the same day or next day.When male parent spike of rice enters the Sheng phase of blooming, choose pollen amount large, and without the spike of rice of damage by disease and insect.Cut gently from its fringe neck scissors, spike of rice is vertically placed with above maternal paper bag down, shakes gently, can reach pollination object.
Paddy rice cross breeding emasculation method of the present invention has the following advantages compared with paddy rice emasculating method in the past:
(1) saving of labor, economize this, efficiency is high; Process save a large amount of artificial, saved cost, and operating efficiency improves greatly, comparatively previous methods is compared, and can do 30-150 hybrid combination for each person every day more, has larger application prospect.
(2) crossbreed ripening rate is high, and false hybrid rate is low; The method more easily obtains a large amount of highly purified crossbreed, for later field plot test with prevent falsely dropping offspring and lay the first stone.
(3) light-duty, convenient, practical and environmental protection: emasculation cross method workload was large in the past, emasculation is not thorough, low and the contaminated environment of ripening rate, this method uses clear water spraying, flower pesticide imbibition loses vigor and reaches emasculation object, have light-duty, the feature of practical environmental protection, without the need to being equipped with the features such as other equipment.
Embodiment
Below with reference to embodiments of the invention, the invention will be further described:
A kind of castration method for rice hyberdization is as follows:
(1) reasonable date of seeding: paddy rice female parent and the adjustment at male parent florescence, available interval sowing, the methods such as inclined nitrogen fertilizer application, make the two flower synchronization.
(2) rice is selected good strains in the field for seed and selects: mainly refer to and select maternal plant.Need in conjunction with breeding objective, select that there is this kind typicalness shape, robust growth and not have the plant of damage by disease and insect to do maternal.
(3) fringe is repaiied in training: first cut off the small ear on spike of rice upper and lower branch stalk with scissors, namely remove the small ear having ended flower and gone back undeveloped mature, middle part branch is obstructed and the small ear can bloomed the same day stay.The mark can bloomed the same day is that filigree extends, and flower pesticide is about to top to glumelle upper end; The mark of blooming next day is that stamen length has reached 2/3rds of length in bran.
(4) grain husk water spray, emasculation is cut: obvolvent is very tight before flowering for the flower glume of paddy rice little Hua, not easily extracts stamen.The 2/3-3/4 of paddy rice grain husk flower is cut off with scissors.To cut flower pesticide for standard.Wherein especially best with 2/3 effect cutting off flower pesticide, and not injure column cap for principle, false knot reality can be stopped and improve ripening rate.Then with the watering can filling water, the spike of rice having cut grain husk is evenly sprayed water process, make residual flower pesticide imbibition, treat that filigree extends, after ejecting flower pesticide, flick off with finger the object that namely residual flower pesticide reach emasculation gently.Operation terminate after spike of rice is put kraft paper bag, and opening's edge fringe handle under paper bag is amounted to clip not good.Indicate maternal title and emasculation date etc. simultaneously, wait until next step pollination.
(5) efficient pollination in good time: the maternal spike of rice after emasculation, should carry out artificial pollination on the same day or next day.When male parent spike of rice enters the Sheng phase of blooming, choose pollen amount large, and without the spike of rice of damage by disease and insect.Cut gently from its fringe neck scissors, spike of rice is vertically placed with above maternal paper bag down, shakes gently, can reach pollination object.
Time as little in paternal pollen amount, can get a few fringe father fringe more and pollinate, to ensure ripening rate, and male parent fringe must have been awarded after taking off fast, otherwise affects Pollen Activity.
Embodiment:
1, materials and methods:
1,1 test material japonica rice variety " Huaihe River rice No. 5 "
1,2 experimental scheme
1,2,1 test one.Difference cuts the self-fertility of method on " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " and the impact of outcrossing, cuts grain husk and carries out in the noon before that day of pollination hybridization, selects top to have minority grain husk the flowers are in blossom mistake, the spike of rice that full fringe is extracted out substantially, cuts off the young tender small ear of grain husk flower and fringe bottom opened.The clever shell upper part of the grain husk of reservation flower is cut off 1/4,1/3,1/2,2/3,3/4 respectively, then with watering can uniformly to the grain husk flower spray clear water cut, makes each glumous flower accept enough moisture, then bagging isolation.Within 2nd day, do not pollinate in contrast with part process, statistics self-fertility situation, the effect of inspection water spray gametocide: another part process is pollinated, and adds up solid situation, inspection water spray gametocide is on the impact of outcrossing, ripening rate.
2, results and analysis
2,1 difference cuts method to " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " self-fruitful impact.After cutting grain husk water spray to " Huaihe River rice No. 5 ", " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " self-fruitful rate is up to 12.5%, and minimum is 0, and showing to spray water to reach the effect of gametocide.Along with the increase cutting off clever shell fraction, " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " self-fruitful rate declines gradually until be 0, and show suitably to cut a bit when not damaging column cap, gametocidal effect is better more.Test proves to cut off 3/4 of clever shell and to cut off 2/3 water spray gametocidal effect of flower pesticide optimum.
2,2 differences cut the impact of method on " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " outcrossing.After cutting grain husk water spray, " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " outcrossing seed-setting rate is up to 94.5%, and minimum is 72.6%, shows that cutting grain husk water spray slightly affects the outcrossing of " Huaihe River rice No. 5 ".Consider from the actual conditions of rice breeding work, its impact can accept, and the method has certain feasibility.Under the condition cutting off same ratio, the outcrossing seed-setting rate cutting off flower pesticide is greater than cuts grain husk flower, shows to take flower pesticide as standard, less on the outcrossing impact of " Huaihe River rice No. 5 ".
More than analyze and show, will stop the existence of pseudostationary in breeding work, from hybridization security consideration, can prevent false hybridization with cut off flower pesticide 2/3 for standard, can get both again ripening rate.Therefore, for standard, there is feasibility and operability with cut off flower pesticide 2/3 most.
Claims (2)
1. a castration method for rice hyberdization, is characterized in that:
(1) reasonable date of seeding: paddy rice female parent and the adjustment at male parent florescence, available interval sowing, inclined nitrogen fertilizer application method, makes the two flower synchronization;
(2) rice is selected good strains in the field for seed and selects: mainly refer to and select maternal plant, needs, select to have this kind typicalness shape in conjunction with breeding objective, robust growth and not have the plant of damage by disease and insect to do maternal;
(3) fringe is repaiied in training: first cut off the small ear on the branch stalk of spike of rice upper and lower with scissors, namely the small ear having ended flower and gone back undeveloped mature is removed, obstructed by middle part branch and the small ear can bloomed the same day stays, the mark can bloomed the same day is that filigree extends, flower pesticide is about to top to glumelle upper end, and the mark of blooming next day is that stamen length has reached 2/3rds of length in bran;
(4) grain husk water spray, emasculation is cut: obvolvent is very tight before flowering for the flower glume of paddy rice little Hua, not easily extract stamen, the 2/3-3/4 of paddy rice grain husk flower is cut off with scissors, to cut flower pesticide for standard, wherein especially best with 2/3 effect cutting off flower pesticide, and not injure column cap for principle, false knot reality can be stopped and improve ripening rate; Then with the watering can filling water, the spike of rice having cut grain husk is evenly sprayed water process, make residual flower pesticide imbibition, treat that filigree extends, after ejecting flower pesticide, with finger flick off the object that namely residual flower pesticide reach emasculation gently, operation terminate after spike of rice is put kraft paper bag, and opening's edge fringe handle under paper bag is amounted to clip not good, indicate maternal title and emasculation date simultaneously, wait until next step pollination;
(5) efficient pollination in good time: the maternal spike of rice after emasculation, artificial pollination should be carried out on the same day or next day, when male parent spike of rice enters the Sheng phase of blooming, choose pollen amount large, and without the spike of rice of damage by disease and insect, cut gently from its fringe neck scissors, spike of rice is vertically placed with above maternal paper bag down, shake gently, pollination object can be reached.
2. a kind of castration method for rice hyberdization according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when paternal pollen amount is little, and can get a few fringe father fringe more and pollinate, to ensure ripening rate, and male parent fringe must have been awarded after taking off fast, otherwise affects Pollen Activity.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105660363A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-06-15 | 安徽理想种业有限公司 | Rice hybridizing and detasseling method |
| CN105684801A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-06-22 | 安徽理想种业有限公司 | Paddy rice early flowering method |
| CN106106123A (en) * | 2016-06-26 | 2016-11-16 | 合肥慧谷农业科技有限公司 | A kind of castration method for rice hyberdization |
| CN106386467A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-02-15 | 江苏（武进）水稻研究所 | Efficient stamen killing method for japonica rice |
| CN107494254A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-22 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of hybridizing method of wild rice |
| CN109169264A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-11 | 江西省超级水稻研究发展中心 | A kind of paddy rice cross breeding pollinating method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102783408A (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏丰源种业有限公司 | Method for killing male of japonica rice by warm water |
| CN103430833A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-11 | 江西省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Novel male-killing method for sexual hybridization of rice |
| CN103733984A (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2014-04-23 | 泗洪县原种场丰收种业有限公司 | Castration method for rice hyberdization |
-
2015
- 2015-06-14 CN CN201510322806.7A patent/CN104885928A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102783408A (en) * | 2012-08-20 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏丰源种业有限公司 | Method for killing male of japonica rice by warm water |
| CN103430833A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-11 | 江西省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Novel male-killing method for sexual hybridization of rice |
| CN103733984A (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2014-04-23 | 泗洪县原种场丰收种业有限公司 | Castration method for rice hyberdization |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105660363A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-06-15 | 安徽理想种业有限公司 | Rice hybridizing and detasseling method |
| CN105684801A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-06-22 | 安徽理想种业有限公司 | Paddy rice early flowering method |
| CN106106123A (en) * | 2016-06-26 | 2016-11-16 | 合肥慧谷农业科技有限公司 | A kind of castration method for rice hyberdization |
| CN106386467A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-02-15 | 江苏（武进）水稻研究所 | Efficient stamen killing method for japonica rice |
| CN107494254A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-22 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of hybridizing method of wild rice |
| CN107494254B (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-10-11 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of hybridizing method of wild rice |
| CN109169264A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-11 | 江西省超级水稻研究发展中心 | A kind of paddy rice cross breeding pollinating method |
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