CN106106123A

CN106106123A - A kind of castration method for rice hyberdization

Info

Publication number: CN106106123A
Application number: CN201610470124.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘利
Original assignee: Hefei Huigu Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Hefei Huigu Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2016-06-26
Filing date: 2016-06-26
Publication date: 2016-11-16

Abstract

One castration method for rice hyberdization of the present invention belongs to crop breeding technical field, particularly relates to a kind of paddy rice cross breeding and cuts the new method of grain husk water spray emasculation method.One castration method for rice hyberdization of the present invention is as follows: 1, reasonable date of seeding；2, rice is selected good strains in the field for seed and selects；3, fringe is repaiied in training；4, grain husk water spray emasculation is cut；5, in good time, efficiently, pollination.Which solving the work of conventional paddy rice cross breeding, labor intensity is big, and emasculation does not thoroughly cause with injuring gynoecium hybridizing failed problem, it is cost-effective that this technology has saving of labor, easy and simple to handle, is hybridized to power high, the advantage such as economic and environment-friendly, is deeply welcome by scientific research breeding worker, has broad application prospects.

Description

A kind of castration method for rice hyberdization

Technical field

One castration method for rice hyberdization of the present invention belongs to crop breeding technical field, particularly relates to a kind of Oryza sativa L. The new method of grain husk water spray emasculation method is cut in hybridization.

Background technology

Paddy rice cross breeding is that in rice breeding work, improvement rice varieties character and creation source of variation are indispensable important Approach.Existing paddy rice cross breeding method is respectively arranged with pluses and minuses: 1, manually cuts grain husk emasculating method and compares and take a lot of work, to the damage of grain husk flower relatively , will damage floral organ, reduce setting percentage greatly, and unless you give your whole attention to it；2, lukewarm water gametocide method can Selfing avoidance, setting percentage is higher, but want Ask and grasp the preference temperature needed for different rice varieties gametocide and time.Also to accomplish not only stamen all to be killed but also not coupled columns Head causes damage, and its method workload is big and the most loaded down with trivial details；3, vacuum gametocide method is to utilize the side of vacuum pump sucking-off Oryza sativa L. stamen Method, its speed is fast, is sucked by flower pesticide and does not damage stigma, but need corollary equipment, is limited by condition element bigger.4, chemistry goes Male method, emasculation is not thorough, and medicament residual height, and environmental pollution is heavier.

Rice breeding hybridization technique is anxious to be resolved cost-effective, efficient, is hybridized to the new method that power is high.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is for above-mentioned several Oryza sativa L. emasculating method weak points, it is provided that a kind of paddy rice cross breeding emasculation side Method, technical solution of the present invention employing 1, reasonable date of seeding；2, rice is selected good strains in the field for seed and selects；3, fringe is repaiied in training；4, grain husk water spray emasculation is cut；5, in good time, Efficiently, pollination.Which solving the work of conventional paddy rice cross breeding, labor intensity is big, and emasculation does not thoroughly cause hybridization with injuring gynoecium Failed problem, it is cost-effective that this technology has saving of labor, easy and simple to handle, is hybridized to the advantages such as power is high, economic and environment-friendly, deeply by section Grind breeder to welcome, have broad application prospects.

One castration method for rice hyberdization of the present invention is to take techniques below scheme to realize:

A kind of castration method for rice hyberdization is as follows:

(1) reasonable date of seeding: the methods such as Oryza sativa L. is maternal and the adjustment at male parent florescence, available interval sowing, inclined nitrogen fertilizer application, the two flower is made Phase meets.

(2) rice is selected good strains in the field for seed and selects: for being primarily referred to as selecting maternal plant.Need in conjunction with breeding objective, will select that there is this product Kind typical case character, robust growth and do not have pest and disease damage plant make female parent.

(3) fringe is repaiied in training: first cut off the small ear on the branch stalk of spike of rice upper and lower with shears, i.e. remove ended flower and The also small ear of undeveloped mature, that obstructed by middle part branch and that the same day can bloom small ear stays.The mark that the same day can bloom Will is that filigree has extended, and flower pesticide will push up glumelle upper end；The mark bloomed next day is that stamen length has reached length in bran 2/3rds.

(4) cut grain husk water spray, emasculation: the obvolvent before flowering of the flower glume of Oryza sativa L. little Hua is very tight, be difficult to extract stamen.With cutting Cutter cuts off the 2/3-3/4 of Oryza sativa L. grain husk flower.To cut flower pesticide as standard.The most especially best to cut off 2/3 effect of flower pesticide, and with not Injuring stigma is principle, it is possible to stops false knot and in fact and improves setting percentage.Then with the watering can filling water, the spike of rice having cut grain husk is entered The uniform water spray of row processes, and makes residual flower pesticide imbibition, treats that filigree extends, and after ejecting flower pesticide, flicks off residual flower gently with finger Medicine i.e. reaches the purpose of emasculation.Operate and after terminating, spike of rice is put kraft paper bag, and by equivalent for opening's edge fringe handle under paper bag with back-shaped Pin is the best.Indicate maternal title and emasculation date etc. simultaneously, remain next step pollination.

(5) the most efficiently pollination: the maternal spike of rice after emasculation, should carry out artificial pollination on the same day or next day.When male parent rice Fringe enters blooms the Sheng phase, chooses pollen amount big, and without the spike of rice of pest and disease damage.Cut gently with shears at its fringe neck, spike of rice court The most vertically it is placed with above the paper bag of female parent, shakes gently, i.e. can reach pollination purpose.

Paddy rice cross breeding emasculation method of the present invention has the following advantages compared with conventional Oryza sativa L. emasculating method:

(1) saving of labor, province's basis, efficiency height；Process save substantial amounts of manually, saved cost, and work efficiency carried significantly Height, relatively previous methods are compared, and can do 30-150 cross combination for each person every day more, have bigger application prospect.

(2) cenospecies setting percentage is high, and false hybrid rate is low;The method be easier to obtain a large amount of highly purified cenospecies, for Rear field plot test and prevent falsely dropping offspring and lay the first stone.

(3) light-duty, convenient, practicality and environmental protection: emasculation hybridizing method workload was big in the past, emasculation is thorough, and setting percentage is low And pollution environment, this method uses clear water spraying, and flower pesticide imbibition loses vigor and reaches emasculation purpose, has light-duty, real By the feature of environmental protection, it is not necessary to be equipped with the features such as other equipment.

Detailed description of the invention

Below with reference to embodiments of the invention, the invention will be further described:

A kind of castration method for rice hyberdization is as follows:

(4) cut grain husk water spray, emasculation: the obvolvent before flowering of the flower glume of Oryza sativa L. little Hua is very tight, be difficult to extract stamen.Use shears Cut off the 2/3-3/4 of Oryza sativa L. grain husk flower.To cut flower pesticide as standard.The most especially best to cut off 2/3 effect of flower pesticide, and not hinder And stigma is principle, it is possible to stop false knot and in fact and improve setting percentage.Then with the watering can filling water, the spike of rice having cut grain husk is carried out Uniformly water spray processes, and makes residual flower pesticide imbibition, treats that filigree extends, after ejecting flower pesticide, flicks off residual flower pesticide gently with finger I.e. reach the purpose of emasculation.Operate and after terminating, spike of rice is put kraft paper bag, and by the equivalent paperclip of opening's edge fringe handle under paper bag Not good.Indicate maternal title and emasculation date etc. simultaneously, remain next step pollination.

Time as little in paternal pollen amount, a few fringe father's fringe can be taken more and pollinate, to ensure setting percentage, and after male parent fringe takes off Must quickly award, otherwise affect Pollen Activity.

Embodiment:

1, materials and methods:

1,1 test material japonica rice variety " Huaihe River rice No. 5 "

1,2 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

1,2,1 test one.Difference cuts method to the self-fertility of " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " and the impact of outcrossing, cuts grain husk in pollination hybridization Noon before that day carry out, select top existing minority grain husk the flowers are in blossom mistake, the spike of rice that full fringe is extracted out substantially, cut off the grain husk flower opened and The small ear that fringe bottom children is tender.The clever shell upper part of the grain husk flower retained is cut off 1/4,1/3,1/2,2/3,3/4 respectively, then uses watering can Uniformly to the grain husk flower spray clear water cut, each glumous flower is made to accept enough moisture, then bagging isolation.2nd day with a part Process and do not pollinate as comparison, add up self-fertility situation, check the effect of water spray gametocide: another part processes and pollinates, Adding up solid situation, inspection water spray gametocide is on outcrossing, the impact of setting percentage.

2, result and analysis

2,1 difference cuts method to " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " self-fruitful impact.After " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " is cut grain husk water spray, " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " selfing Setting percentage is up to 12.5%, minimum 0, shows that water spray can reach the effect of gametocide.Along with the increasing cutting off grain husk shell fraction Greatly, " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " self-fruitful rate is gradually reduced until being 0, shows suitably to cut a little in the case of not damaging stigma more, Gametocidal effect is more preferable.Test proves cut off the 3/4 of grain husk shell and cut off 2/3 water spray gametocidal effect optimum of flower pesticide.

2,2 differences cut the method impact on " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " outcrossing.After cutting grain husk water spray, " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " outcrossing seed-setting rate is A height of 94.5%, minimum 72.6%, show that cutting grain husk water spray slightly affects the outcrossing of " Huaihe River rice No. 5 ".From rice breeding work The practical situation made considers, its impact can accept, and the method has certain feasibility.Cutting off the condition of same ratio Under, the outcrossing seed-setting rate cutting off flower pesticide is spent more than cutting grain husk, shows with flower pesticide as standard, affects the outcrossing of " Huaihe River rice No. 5 " Less.

More than analyzing and show, the existence of pseudostationary to be stopped in breeding work, from hybridization security consideration, to cut off flower pesticide 2/3 can prevent false hybridization for standard, can get both again setting percentage.Therefore, with cut off flower pesticide 2/3 have most for standard feasible Property and operability.

Claims

1. a castration method for rice hyberdization, it is characterised in that:

(1) reasonable date of seeding: the maternal adjustment with the male parent florescence of Oryza sativa L., available interval sowing, inclined nitrogen fertilizer application method, the two florescence is made Meet；

(2) rice is selected good strains in the field for seed and selects: for being primarily referred to as selecting maternal plant, needs in conjunction with breeding objective, will select have this kind allusion quotation Type character, robust growth and do not have pest and disease damage plant make female parent；

(3) fringe is repaiied in training: first cut off the small ear on the branch stalk of spike of rice upper and lower with shears, i.e. removes and has ended flower and the most not Fully-developed small ear, that obstructed by middle part branch and that the same day can bloom small ear stays, and the mark that the same day can bloom is Filigree has extended, and flower pesticide will push up glumelle upper end, and the mark bloomed next day is that stamen length has reached in bran three points of length Two；

(4) cut grain husk water spray, emasculation: the obvolvent before flowering of the flower glume of Oryza sativa L. little Hua is very tight, be difficult to extract stamen, cut off with shears The 2/3-3/4 of Oryza sativa L. grain husk flower, to cut flower pesticide as standard, especially the most best to cut off 2/3 effect of flower pesticide, and not injure post Head is principle, it is possible to stops false knot and in fact and improves setting percentage；Then with the watering can filling water, the spike of rice having cut grain husk is carried out uniformly Water spray processes, and makes residual flower pesticide imbibition, treats that filigree extends, and after ejecting flower pesticide, flicks off residual flower pesticide with finger gently and i.e. reaches To the purpose of emasculation, operate and after terminating, spike of rice is put kraft paper bag, and by equivalent for opening's edge fringe handle under paper bag the best with paperclip, Indicate maternal title and emasculation date simultaneously, remain next step pollination；

(5) the most efficiently pollination: the maternal spike of rice after emasculation, should carry out artificial pollination on the same day or next day, when male parent spike of rice enters Enter to bloom the Sheng phase, chooses pollen amount big, and without the spike of rice of pest and disease damage, cuts gently with shears at its fringe neck, and spike of rice is towards sagging Directly it is placed with above the paper bag of female parent, shakes gently, i.e. can reach pollination purpose.

A kind of castration method for rice hyberdization the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: when paternal pollen amount is little, can Take a few fringe father's fringe to pollinate more, to ensure setting percentage, and male parent fringe take off after must quickly award, otherwise affect pollen live Power.