CN101107917A - Cowpea isolation hybridization pollination method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cowpea isolating hybridization pollination method. The technical solution is that: choosing male parent and female parent of cowpea with excellent performance; selecting hale anthotaxy bud 1 to 3 days before the female parent flower open and suiting their necking with partition to separate the gynoecia from the androecium; collecting farina of the unopened male parent in a farina box for standby and then place the farina of the male parent into the partition for pollination on the next day of isolating the necking to complete the hybridization and marked with labels. The invention saves the castration procedure, which features simple operation, time and labor-saving and free of damaging the flower's natural structure and affecting the normal growth conditions for germ cell with high breeding success rates; besides, the invention, by applying the partition to suit the necking to isolating the gynoecia and the androecium, avoids the self cross and hybridization and effectively reduces the fake hybridization rate.

Description

Cowpea isolation hybridization pollination method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the plant hybridization breeding technical field, relate in particular to a kind of method of cowpea isolation hybridization pollination.

Background technology

Because the characteristic of blossoming and bearing fruit of legume crop self, its hybridization work difficulty is bigger, so that breeding of new variety work lags behind.Existing cowpea cross breeding method has two kinds, and a kind of method is for castrating hybridization, and another kind of method is revealed column cap hybridization for not castrating.Castrate hybridization and promptly bloom preceding a couple of days at female parent, with manually sepal, petal being peeled off, dial except that stamen with tweezers, preventing selfing, this kind cross method can guarantee the pure of hybridizing; But because the cowpea flower is for papilionaceous flower, keel curve inwardly or it is arc to be, mutual button is held tightly close between petal, style is longer, when peeling off petal and extracing stamen, to damage the natural structure of flower inevitably, and floral organ is responsive especially to damage, therefore can cause a large amount of fallen flowers, it is extremely low to hybridize success rate, has had a strong impact on the process of breeding.Do not castrate and reveal the column cap pollinating method, can not damage floral organ, can obviously improve the rate of bearing pods, but major part is pseudostationary.Though because cowpea is strict self-pollination, it is spent greatly, look gorgeous, the insects such as honeybee is arranged often that bloom are adopted powder, and the part column cap exposes keel during morning next day opening just, if do not protected, also exists tangible natural hybrization situation.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming and defect that exists in the prior art, a kind of method of cowpea column cap isolation hybridization pollination is provided, the present invention is simple to operate, has not only removed the castration program from, does not damage flower, and is time saving and energy saving, improved success rate of breeding greatly; And effectively prevented natural hybrization, and reduced false hybrid rate, guaranteed the pure of hybridization.

To achieve these goals, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:

1, selects good cowpea male parent and the female parent of proterties;

2, before maternal flowering 1-3 days, select middle part inflorescence bud, when keel are light green color, with tweezers vexil and ala are pushed aside, and keel are scratched, expose pistil stigma, with spacer column cap is entangled, the gynoecium stamen is separated;

3, it is standby in the pollen box to collect the pollen that male parent do not scatter;

4, the pollen of male parent is put in the spacer pollinated second day morning behind the isolation column cap, finish crossover process, put plastic sack and protect whole bud, and the mark of listing.

In the said method, selection has solid ability and has the cowpea variety of certain merit, and preferred green grass or young crops No. three or special morning 30 are maternal; Selection has the cowpea variety of obvious merit, and be preferably No. three, cowpea and be male parent, before maternal flowering 1-3 days, be preferably in maternal flowering preceding 1 day, select healthy and strong inflorescence bud, with spacer column cap is entangled, the gynoecium stamen is separated.Described spacer can be selected wheat straw stalk, thin plastic pipe or other isolation baggings, because thin wheat straw pipe has air permeability and good, Gu preferred wheat straw stalk is as spacer.In order to prevent rainwater, available plastic sack puts whole flower.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention has removed the castration program from according to the characteristic of cowpea flower, and is simple to operate, time saving and energy saving, do not damage the natural structure of flower, do not influence the normal development condition of fertilized egg, the success rate of breeding height; Adopted spacer column cap to be entangled, avoided selfing and natural hybrization, reduced false hybrid rate effectively so that female stamen is separated.

Embodiment

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Select suitable male parent female parent, adopt and castrate and do not castrate relatively cowpea hybridization success rate of column cap isolation method.

Embodiment 1

Select suitable male parent, female parent to be seeded in the nutritive cube respectively: be chosen to No. three, cowpea for male parent, green grass or young crops be female parent No. three, because becoming No. three kind skins of cowpea is black, No. three seeds of green grass or young crops be red, the relative bronzing of black is a dominance, therefore plant micromicro with the proterties that serves as a mark, first-filial generation pods, and seed color should be black, is easy to investigate hybrid rate; Transplant, plastic mulching, the cave is apart from 40cm, 2 strains of every cave, and management is produced with general; Before 11 of every days, 1-3 days healthy and strong buds before blooming were pollinated during the florescence; Receiving kind of a back investigates hybrid rate.

A, do not castrate the column cap isolation hybridization: select good cowpea male parent and the female parent of proterties, sowing, management are produced with general; During the florescence before 12 of every mornings, 1-3 days selection middle part inflorescences before maternal flowering, be light green when white at the bud keel, with tweezers vexil and ala are pushed aside, and keel are scratched, expose pistil stigma, with thin wheat straw pipe column cap is entangled, female stamen is kept apart, collect the pollen that male parent is not scattered afternoon every day, standby in the pollen box; Put the pollen of male parent in the straw into and pollinate second day morning, puts plastic sack protection bud, the mark of listing.

B, castrate hybridization: before 12 of every mornings, 1-3 days selection middle part inflorescences before flower of female parent is open, keel are light green white bud, with tweezers vexil and ala are pushed aside, and keel are scratched, expose gynoecium, again stamen is removed, put plastic sack immediately, pollination in second day morning, the mark of listing.

No. 3 different pollination modes of No. 3 * one-tenth cowpea of the green grass or young crops of table 1 are to the rate influence of bearing pods

Different pollination modes	The rate that bears pods (%)	The index of setting seeds	Hybrid rate (%)
				A (not castrating the isolation hybridization method) B (castration hybrid method) A than B (± %)	24.73 5.56 344.78	2.21 0.28 689.29	93.47 84.25 10.94

(± %) computing formula is A: (A-B)/B*100% than B

Above experimental result shows, does not castrate column cap isolation hybridization method after exposing column cap, gently entangles column cap with straw, and column cap and stamen are separated, and does not destroy floral organ, also do not have bigger shake-up floral organ, so floral organ is intact; And castrate in the process of hybridization, floral organ is destroyed bigger, thereby do not castrate the rate that bears pods of column cap isolation hybridization method, the index that bears pods, hybrid rate and all be higher than the castration hybrid method.

Embodiment 2

Be chosen to cowpea and be male parent No. three, be maternal special morning 30, and sowing, management are with generally producing; Adopt castrating and do not castrate column cap isolation hybridization method during the florescence pollinates to 1-3 days healthy and strong bud before blooming; Receiving kind of a back investigates hybrid rate.

No. 3 different pollination modes of the special 30 * one-tenth cowpea early of table 2 are to the rate influence of bearing pods

Different pollination modes	The rate that bears pods (%)	The index of setting seeds	Hybrid rate (%)
				A (not castrating the isolation hybridization method) B (castration hybrid method) A than B (± %)	21.31 4.45 378.88	1.69 0.2 745.00	89.15 76.87 15.98

Experimental result shows, do not castrate the rate that bears pods of column cap isolation hybridization method, the index that bears pods, hybrid rate and all is better than castrating cross method.

Embodiment 3

Select good male parent, the female parent of proterties, sowing, management are produced with general; Adopt during the florescence and do not castrate column cap isolation hybridization method being pollinated in bloom preceding 1 day, bloom preceding 2 days, the preceding 3 days healthy and strong bud of blooming respectively; Receiving kind of a back investigates hybrid rate.The result is as shown in table 3, and the rate of bearing pods is up to blooms preceding 1 day, can reach 20.37%, higher by 42.54% than preceding 2 days, higher by 322.61% than preceding 3 days; Took second place in preceding 2 days, the rate of bearing pods is 14.29%, and is higher by 196.47% than preceding 3 days; The rate that bears pods is minimum for the pollination in preceding 3 days of blooming, and only is 4.82%.Illustrate that different pollination times are to influence one of the key factor of rate that bears pods, blooming pollination in preceding 1 day is Best Times.

The different pollination times of table 3. are to the influence of the rate of bearing pods

Different pollination times (my god)	The rate that bears pods %	The index of setting seeds	Hybrid rate %
				Blooming bloomed in preceding 1 day bloomed in preceding 2 days bloomed in preceding 3 days preceding 1 day than the 2nd day (± %) bloom preceding 1 day than the 3rd day (± %) bloom preceding 2 days than the 3rd day (± %)	20.37 14.29 4.82 42.54 322.61 196.47	1.59 0.85 0.35 87.06 354.28 142.86	80.03 96.05 72.62 -16.68 10.20 32.26

Claims (5)

1. a cowpea isolation hybridization pollination method is characterized in that comprising the steps:

(1) selects good cowpea male parent and the female parent of proterties;

(2) before maternal flowering 1-3 days, select healthy and strong inflorescence bud, with spacer column cap is entangled, the gynoecium stamen is separated;

(3) it is standby in the pollen box to collect the pollen that male parent do not scatter;

(4) pollen of male parent is put in the spacer pollinated the next day behind the isolation column cap, finish crossover process, and the mark of listing, put plastic sack.

2. cowpea isolation hybridization pollination method according to claim 1 is characterized in that comprising the steps:

(1) selecting the good one-tenth cowpea of proterties be for No. three male parent, green grass or young crops No. three or special morning 30 be female parent;

(2) before maternal flowering 1-3 days, select healthy and strong inflorescence bud, with tweezers vexil and ala are pushed aside, and keel are scratched, expose pistil stigma, with spacer column cap is entangled, the gynoecium stamen is separated;

(3) it is standby in the pollen box to collect the pollen that male parent do not scatter;

(4) pollen of male parent is put in the spacer pollinated the next day behind the isolation column cap, finish crossover process, and the mark of listing.

3. cowpea isolation hybridization pollination method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, at maternal flowering preceding 1 day, select healthy and strong inflorescence bud, with spacer column cap is entangled, the pollen that the collection male parent is not scattered is pollinated the next day after isolating column cap, finishes crossover process, and the mark of listing.

4. cowpea isolation hybridization pollination method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described spacer is the wheat straw bar.

5. cowpea isolation hybridization pollination method according to claim 3 is characterized in that described spacer is the wheat straw bar.