CN108834886A - A kind of hybridizing method of south Fresh edible soybean - Google Patents
A kind of hybridizing method of south Fresh edible soybean Download PDFInfo
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- CN108834886A CN108834886A CN201810735681.4A CN201810735681A CN108834886A CN 108834886 A CN108834886 A CN 108834886A CN 201810735681 A CN201810735681 A CN 201810735681A CN 108834886 A CN108834886 A CN 108834886A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of hybridizing method of southern Fresh edible soybean, and steps are as follows for the preparation method：Selection female parent and male parent；In the fall by Parent it is adjacent sowing and continuously sowing 7~10 days and male parent shift to an earlier date 3~7 days and start to sow, to make Parent flower synchronization and conveniently take male parent flower；After the male parent enters the florescence, female parent starts dew valve sprouting stage bud occur, respectively selection maternal plant the 1st day, the 2nd day, the 3rd day dew valve sprouting stage bud occurred remove part on 2 sepals, petal and pistillate flower processing, and the pollen of the male parent is invested and completes hybridization on the column cap of the female parent, hybrid seed is obtained from the female parent.The present invention is extremely significant to improve southern Fresh edible soybean hybridization survival rate, can efficiently solve the low problem of southern Fresh edible soybean hybridization survival rate, accelerate Fresh edible soybean breeding process, promote Fresh edible soybean industry development.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to a kind of hybridizing methods of southern Fresh edible soybean.
【Background technique】
China Fresh edible soybean main producing region is the coastal souths such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, because of great market potential, economic effect
Benefit is good, quickly grows in recent years, it has also become the vegetable of south some regional areas characteristic apparent advantage crops and foreign exchange earning
One of vegetable kind.But for a long time, south production is served in short supply with soybean varieties suitable, and breeding work seriously lags behind production requirement,
Restrict Fresh edible soybean production development.
Currently, sexual hybridization is still the main means of soybean breeder in the breeding of new soybean varieties.And soybean is tight
Lattice cleisogamy crop, i.e. flower have just pollinated when no open；It needs to peel off on sepal in liquid distilled from honeysuckle flowers or lotus leaves valve sprouting stage when therefore hybridizing
Half part and petal remove stamen；But soybean floral organ very little, bud at this time is about as small rice grain is small；Stamen when practical operation
Hardly possible removes and is easy column cap of damaging, and calyx top half is removed, and is a kind of injury for entire flower；In addition, not spending
The protection gynoecium of calyx is directly exposed in air, is affected by environmental factor, fertilization process has higher requirements to environment；This
A little factors all bring great difficulty to crossing work, cause Rate of Soybean Crossing Success low.In order to improve Rate of Soybean Crossing Success, state
Interior soybean breeder scientific and technical personnel have accumulated invaluable experience, achieve preferable effect, but mainly right under the conditions of boreal climate
The research of common soybeans hybridization technique, and soybean especially grinds southern Fresh edible soybean hybridization technique under the conditions of southern climates
Study carefully and is rarely reported.
Southern Fresh edible soybean is sowed based on early soybean in the 3-4 month, adopt blueness the 5-6 month, and the 6-7 month is mature.The month south 5-7
Warm and moist, rainwater are on the high side.If florescence runs into rainy weather, most of to spend abnormal opening, petal does not open, it appears that
A bud just ready to burst, but has been selfed in fact；And environment seed drum grain to the maturation of warm and moist is easy to generation embryo and sprouts, and leads to seed
Of poor quality, germination percentage is very low.Although and autumn plantation yield is lower but seed quality is good, therefore breeding ordinary circumstance is the local autumn
Numerous or summer north is numerous, Seed Propagation in Southern Winter, and preparing hybrid combination should then be carried out in local autumn breeding.The southern Fresh edible soybean autumn is numerous
It is sowed in mid or late July to early August, exactly 1 year temperature highest period, sunshine are gradually shortened.Soybean is typical short-day
Crop, the autumn, numerous plant development was obviously accelerated, and southern Fresh edible soybean, which is seeded into, blooms 25 days or so, and plant becomes smaller, while speed of blooming
Degree is fast, and the florescence shortens, and begins to enter full blossom quickly after spending, then be spent after a week seldom and mostly at top, floral organ becomes smaller, and hybridization is more difficult
Operation, hybridization survival rate are very low.Therefore, there is an urgent need to visit by hybridizing the low reason analysis of survival rate to southern Fresh edible soybean
The south Suo Tigao Fresh edible soybean hybridizes the effective ways of survival rate, solves problem above, accelerates Fresh edible soybean breeding process, promotes
Fresh edible soybean industry development.
【Summary of the invention】
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention, is to provide a kind of hybridizing method of southern Fresh edible soybean, and this method is extremely aobvious
Work improves southern Fresh edible soybean hybridization survival rate, can efficiently solve that southern Fresh edible soybean hybridization survival rate is low to ask
Topic accelerates Fresh edible soybean breeding process, promotes Fresh edible soybean industry development.
The invention is realized in this way：
A kind of hybridizing method of south Fresh edible soybean, steps are as follows for the preparation method：
Step a, selection female parent and male parent；
Step b, in the fall by Parent it is adjacent sowing and continuously sowing 7~10 days and male parent shift to an earlier date 3~7 days and start to broadcast
Kind, to make Parent flower synchronization and conveniently take male parent flower；
Step c, after the male parent enters the florescence, female parent starts dew valve sprouting stage bud occur, maternal plant is selected respectively
1st day, the 2nd day, the 3rd day dew valve sprouting stage bud occurred remove on sepal part, petal and pistillate flower processing, and by institute
The pollen for stating male parent, which is invested, completes hybridization on the column cap of the female parent, obtain hybrid seed from the female parent.
Further, to remove part concrete operations on sepal in the step c as follows：Retain 3 sepals i.e. longest sepal
And 2 adjacent short sepals, remove part on remaining 2 sepal.
Further, in the step c, dew valve sprouting stage bud, that is, petal is slightly less than sepal or the flower concordant with sepal top
Flower bud, the pollen of male parent are the pollen for the fresh flower that will be opened on the healthy and strong disease-free plant of male parent row.
Further, in the step c, fine day, emasculation in afternoon, morning 6 next day are selected:00-8:00 pollination.
The invention has the advantages that：
The 3 days i.e. bud producing Crossbred of early flowering season before selection Fresh edible soybean, is remarkably improved hybridization survival rate；Root when emasculation
It is consistent with longest sepal direction according to the bending of bud column cap, longest and adjacent 2 sepals are remained, it is opposite to eliminate longest sepal
2 short sepals, the sepal of reservation is effectively protected pistil stigma and young pod, further effectively improves Fresh edible soybean
Hybridize survival rate.
Finally, the present invention can efficiently solve the low problem of southern Fresh edible soybean hybridization success rate, this method is used in dish
It is with a wide range of applications in soybean breeder, to accelerating, Fresh edible soybean breeding process is significant.
【Specific embodiment】
The following is a clear and complete description of the technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention, it is clear that described embodiment
Only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the common skill in this field
Art personnel every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
The present invention relates to a kind of hybridizing methods of southern Fresh edible soybean, and steps are as follows for the preparation method：
Step a, selection female parent and male parent；
Step b, in the fall by Parent it is adjacent sowing and continuously sowing 7~10 days and male parent shift to an earlier date 3~7 days and start to broadcast
Kind, to make Parent flower synchronization and conveniently take male parent flower；
Step c, after the male parent enters the florescence, female parent starts dew valve sprouting stage bud occur, maternal plant is selected respectively
1st day, the 2nd day, the 3rd day dew valve sprouting stage bud occurred remove on sepal part, petal and pistillate flower processing, and by institute
The pollen for stating male parent, which is invested, completes hybridization on the column cap of the female parent, obtain hybrid seed from the female parent.
It is as follows to remove part concrete operations on sepal in the step c：Retain 3 sepals i.e. longest sepal and adjacent 2
A short sepal removes part on remaining 2 sepal.
The step a, select white-flowered varieties for female parent, pale reddish brown kind is male parent.
The step b Parent high ridge double row sowing, it is long to broadcast 5m furrow daily, the wide 120cm of furrow, 180,000 plants/hm of density2。
In the step c, dew valve sprouting stage bud, that is, petal is slightly less than sepal or the bud concordant with sepal top, male parent
Pollen is the pollen for the fresh flower that will be opened on the healthy and strong disease-free plant of male parent row.
In the step c, fine day, emasculation in afternoon, morning 6 next day are selected:00-8:00 pollination.
In the step c, reservation longest and adjacent 2 consistent with longest sepal direction is bent when emasculation according to bud column cap
A sepal, pistil stigma bend towards removal sepal on one side, and curved column cap is then convenient for pollination to operate.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
A kind of south Fresh edible soybean hybridizing method, specific step is as follows：
Field design：It tests and is carried out in the autumn in 2017 at FuQing, Fujian Province national level variety of crops regional testing station, received
The hybrid seed obtained is at the end of the same year in Hainan Fujian Province base Nan Fan field plot test.
Step a, selection female parent and male parent：With white-flowered varieties Fujian beans 5, green soy bean 3 to be maternal, pale reddish brown kind Fujian beans 9,
Su Min fresh No. 1 is male parent, prepares 3 combinations；Combination 1：Beans 9, No. 5/Fujian of Fujian beans, combination 2：No. 3/Su Min of green soy bean fresh No. 1, group
Close 3：No. 5/Su Min of Fujian beans fresh No. 1.
The Fujian beans 5, green soy bean 3, Fujian beans 9, fresh No. 1 source Su Min：Fujian beans 5 are Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Crop research institute breeding Fresh edible soybean kind, green soy bean 3 be Taiwan Fresh edible soybean kind, Fujian beans 9 and Su Min fresh No. 1 are good fortune
Build the Fresh edible soybean superior progeny strain of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences's crop research institute screening.
Step b, in the fall by Parent it is adjacent sowing and continuously sowing 7 days and male parent shift to an earlier date 5 days and start to sow, broadcast daily
5m furrow are long, to make Parent flower synchronization and conveniently take male parent flower；The step b Parent high ridge double row sowing, furrow are wide
120cm, 180,000 plants/hm of density2。
Step c1, bud factor is arranged：1st day, the 2nd day, the 3rd day, the 4th day, the 5th on the maternal healthy and strong plant of selection respectively
Its dew valve sprouting stage bud occurred carries out emasculation, first removes other unused buds, bud lower part is gently pinched with hand, uses tweezers
It tears part on the sepal of bud periphery, the top (at flower 1/2-1/3) for clamping petal gently pulls up valve emasculation, and emasculation is clean,
Expose gynoecium.3 combination each 50, emasculation in afternoon, morning 6 next day:00-8:00 pollination.
Step c2, sepal factor is arranged：The 2nd day dew valve sprouting stage bud occurred is gone on the maternal healthy and strong plant of selection
Hero first removes other unused buds, bud lower part is gently pinched with hand, short with tweezers 2 opposite with longest sepal that tear
Then part on sepal gently separates other sepals with tweezers, clamp petal with step c1 operation and go valve emasculation, expose at this time
Pistil stigma bends towards removal sepal on one side.3 combination each 50, emasculation in afternoon, morning 6 next day:00-8:00 pollination, with step
The processing of the dew valve sprouting stage bud occurred for c1 the 2nd day is control.
D, data recordation and processing：It records the hybridization flower quantity of each processing, survive pod number, observe F1The identification of seville orange flower color
True and false hybrid, calculates hybridization survival rate and true hybrid rate (makees female parent because testing with white-flowered varieties, pale reddish brown kind is male parent, therefore F1
Plant is that purple is true hybrid).It is combined into that repeat variance analysis bud factor hybridization survival rate difference for 3 times aobvious with 3 groups
Work property.Data processing, analysis are carried out with Excel 2003, it is for statistical analysis with DPS (v3.01).
E, hybridize the statistics of survival rate：Hybridization survival rate receives hybridization pod number obtained by paternal pollen for female parent and accounts for hybridization of female parent
The percentage of flower number.Hybridize survival rate=hybridization and obtains pod number/hybridization flower number × 100.
F, the statistics of true hybrid rate：It is F that female parent, which receives hybridization pod obtained by paternal pollen,0From generation to generation, F is identified0True and false method is such as
Under：Take out F0The seed of seed, the same pod plants a cave, obtains F1Plant；Since the combination white-flowered varieties prepared above is mother
This, pale reddish brown kind is male parent, and pale reddish brown using soybean is dominant character to white flower, therefore F1Opening pale reddish brown plant is true hybrid, F1It opens white
Colored plant is false hybrid.True hybrid rate is calculated according to following formula：True hybrid rate=true hybridization pod number/hybridization acquisition pod number ×
100。
G, bud factorial experiments result and analysis：1st day, the 2nd day, the 3rd day, the 4th on the maternal healthy and strong plant of selection respectively
It, the 5th day occur dew valve sprouting stage bud carry out emasculation, next day pollination, 3 people prepare 1 combination respectively, and are combined into 3 groups
Repeat variance analysis 3 times, test result shows (experimental result is shown in Table 1)：2nd day bud survival rate highest, followed by
1st day bud, successively reduces later；Difference is not significant between first 3 days, the 1st day with the 4th, 5 day significant difference, the 2nd day with
4th day significant difference, 3rd day and 5th day significant difference extremely significant with the 5th day difference.It can be seen that under the conditions of southern climates, dish
The first 3 days i.e. bud producing Crossbred of early flowering season should be selected with soybean, is remarkably improved hybridization survival rate.
Influence of the 1 different time bud of table to Fresh edible soybean hybridization survival rate
H, sepal factorial experiments result and analysis：Soybean liquid distilled from honeysuckle flowers or lotus leaves valve sprouting stage pistil stigma is bent as one " 7 ", passes through sight
It examines and learns that pistil stigma bending is consistent with longest sepal bending direction.Test is in the processing to maternal bud, removal and longest
2 opposite short sepals of sepal, retain 3 sepals；The result shows that 3 combinations, which retain sepal, survives pod number than not staying calyx
Piece is more, and average survival is up to 34.67%, than not staying sepal to improve 5.34% (specific data see the table below 2).Calyx plays protection
The effect of bud and young pod, when soybean emasculation, remove calyx top half, are a kind of injuries for entire flower, without calyx
Protection gynoecium be directly exposed in air, be affected by environmental factor；Part sepal is remained when emasculation and gynoecium column
Head bends towards removal sepal on one side, and curved pistil stigma is then convenient for pollination to operate, and the sepal of reservation has pistil stigma and young pod
Protective effect is to improve hybridization survival rate.
Influence of the different bud processing of table 2 to Fresh edible soybean hybridization survival rate
I, it is identified very after bud and the plantation of sepal factor true hybrid rate comparative analysis hybrid seed by observation F1 seville orange flower color
Pseudostationary, referring specifically to table 3, table 3 the result shows that preceding 3 days buds (containing sepal is retained) hybridization true hybrid rate 90% with
On, the 1st day highest, the 4th day bud hybridizes true hybrid rate 84.22% secondly, be the 3rd day again within the 2nd day, and the 5th day
Bud hybridization true hybrid rate only has 69.37%；Preceding 3 days buds hybridization true hybrid rate and the 4th, 5 day significant difference are extremely significant；
It can be seen that preparing hybrid true hybrid rate is higher when the florescence is more early.This is because environment is spent first is that open flower number is more after the early flowering season
Powder is more, anemophily insect pollination；Second is that bud also gradually becomes smaller, emasculation is more difficult to operate；It puts unobvious or closes colored selfing third is that the flowers are in blossom
It does not open afterwards, judgement is inaccurate when taking bud；Fourth is that later period flower vigor decline, Enumerable infinite set are low.
3 different disposal true hybrid rate of table compares
In summary step g, h, i can to the true hybrid rate statistic analysis result of bud factor, sepal factor and the two
To obtain：Retain 3 sepals i.e. longest sepal and 2 adjacent short sepals when taking first 3 days dew valve sprouting stage buds, emasculation, removes
Part on remaining sepal is handled best.
Processing is preferably in that first 3 days dew valve sprouting stage buds are relatively slightly larger, and vibrant, Enumerable infinite set is strong, and environment pollen is few, and protects
The sepal stayed has protective effect to pistil stigma and young pod, improves southern Fresh edible soybean hybridization survival rate and true hybrid rate.Choosing
The 3 days i.e. bud producing Crossbred of early flowering season before Fresh edible soybean is selected, hybridization survival rate is remarkably improved；According to bud column cap when emasculation
Bending is consistent with longest sepal direction, remains longest and adjacent 2 sepals, eliminates 2 opposite short sepals of longest sepal
Upper part, the sepal of reservation are effectively protected pistil stigma and young pod, further effectively improve Fresh edible soybean hybridization
Survival rate.
Finally, the present invention can efficiently solve the low problem of southern Fresh edible soybean hybridization success rate, this method is used in dish
It is with a wide range of applications in soybean breeder, to accelerating, Fresh edible soybean breeding process is significant.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those familiar with the art should be managed
Solution, we are merely exemplary described specific embodiment, rather than for the restriction to the scope of the present invention, it is familiar with this
The technical staff in field should be covered of the invention according to modification and variation equivalent made by spirit of the invention
In scope of the claimed protection.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of hybridizing method of south Fresh edible soybean, it is characterised in that：Steps are as follows for the preparation method：
Step a, selection female parent and male parent；
Step b, in the fall by Parent it is adjacent sowing and continuously sowing 7~10 days and male parent shift to an earlier date 3~7 days and start to sow, from
And makes Parent flower synchronization and conveniently take male parent flower；
Step c, after the male parent enters the florescence, female parent starts dew valve sprouting stage bud occur, maternal plant the 1st is selected respectively
It, the 2nd day, the 3rd day dew valve sprouting stage bud occurred remove on sepal part, petal and pistillate flower processing, and will be described
The pollen of male parent, which is invested, completes hybridization on the column cap of the female parent, obtain hybrid seed from the female parent.
2. a kind of hybridizing method of southern Fresh edible soybean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step c
It is as follows to fall part concrete operations on sepal：Retain 3 sepals i.e. longest sepal and 2 adjacent short sepals, removes remaining 2 calyx
On piece part.
3. a kind of hybridizing method of southern Fresh edible soybean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step c, dew
Valve sprouting stage bud, that is, petal is slightly less than sepal or the bud concordant with sepal top, and the pollen of male parent is the healthy and strong disease-free plant of male parent row
The pollen for the fresh flower that will be opened in strain.
4. a kind of hybridizing method of southern Fresh edible soybean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step c, choosing
Select fine day, emasculation in afternoon, morning 6 next day:00-8:00 pollination.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114303851A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-12 | 贵州省油料研究所(贵州省香料研究所) | High-yield shade-tolerant soybean variety breeding method suitable for intercropping |
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Application publication date: 20181120 |