CN104885724A - High-yield honeysuckle cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a high-yield honeysuckle cultivation method. The high-yield honeysuckle cultivation method comprises the steps of land selection and preparation, field planting, intertilling and weeding, fertilizer and water management, pest control, harvesting, processing and the like. According to the high-yield honeysuckle cultivation method, the survival rate is high and is larger than 98%, the growth speed is high, generally the full bloom stage can be achieved after a plant is transplanted for two years, high yield is maintained for years, and the yield of dry flowers per mu can reach 150-200 kg. Furthermore, few pests exist, flowers are fragrant, and the flower fragrance is lasting.

Description

A kind of high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle

Technical field

The present invention relates to Chinese herbal medicine cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle.

Background technology

Honeysuckle is a kind of conventional Chinese medicine with long history, begins to be loaded in " Mingyi Bielu ", is classified as top grade." honeysuckle " one, first appeared in Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) Compendium of Material Medica, is mentioned under " honeysuckle " item, because Modern Document is in use for a long time, has now been known as the rectification of name of this medicinal material, and has taken in " Chinese Pharmacopoeia ".

China is as not lower 17 kinds of the former plant total of honeysuckle (comprising subspecies and mutation) of commodity selling, and with this kind of distribution the most extensively, sales volume is also maximum.Commodity medicinal material is mainly derived from cultivar, and the highest with " eastern honeysuckle flower " or " Ji honeysuckle flower " output in " the southern honeysuckle flower " or " close honeysuckle flower " in Henan and Shandong, quality is also best, and the supply and marketing whole nation also exports.Wild varieties is from each provinces and regions in East China, Central China and southwest, and general name " Honeysuckle flower " or " upper honeysuckle flower ", generally market one's own products, also have a small amount of investigation mission outside the city or town.Honeysuckle demand is increasing in recent years, occurs the phenomenon that supply falls short of demand, and therefore introducing and planting is just actively developed in many areas, and the producing region of honeysuckle day by day expands.

Qi County town, Suzhou City Yongqiao District, Anhui is positioned at south, Suzhou City Yongqiao District, area 101 square kilometres, and belong to temperate zone half monsoon climate, average temperature of the whole year 15 DEG C will be precipitation 851 ㎜, soil with Shajiang black soil for there is small size moisture soil in main western part.Full town agricultural population 62360, arable area 73400 mu, agricultural production is main in a conventional manner, and land revenue is lower, and farmers' per capita's income is hovered at about 6000 yuan always for many years.Within 2012, from bringing in funds in other places, develop high-yield honeysuckle cultivation technology.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle, the inventive method survival rate is high, and per mu yield dried flower amount is large, can reach the phase of abounding with after transplanting to Second Year, and keeps for many years, and per mu yield dried flower can reach 150-200 kilograms.

The technical solution used in the present invention is:

A kind of high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

(1) selection of land wholely, field planting

Select, relative fertile soil on the sunny side, use sufficient base manure, plough deeply and plough carefully, dig pit by pier line-spacing 1.2 × 1.5 meters, in the matrix that each hole surperficial layer overlay 3-5cm is thick, carry out field planting in late fall or early spring, every mu of ground plants 450-500 pier, and seedling 1 strain planted by every pier, real by soil pressure, water sufficient water, seal soil, described matrix is prepared from through fermentation by the component raw material of following weight portion: edible mushroom rod 40-50, agricultural crop straw 20-30, bark 10-15, expired dairy produce 10-15, diammonium phosphate 2-3, potassium sulfate 3-4, urea 1-2, eggshell 8-10, bone meal 5-8, Avermectin waste liquid 3-4, the bacillus 2-5 of 4.5 hundred million/milliliter, offcuts 4-6 in glutamate production process, ash 8-10, dregs of a decoction 4-6, sawdust 8-10, haydite 5-10, zeolite powder 8-10, active carbon 0.5-1.0, turmeric dreg 1-4, ethoxyquinoline 0.3-0.5, calcium propionate 0.2-0.4, suitable quantity of water, mixed culture fermentation and obtain matrix,

(2) intertill and clean tillage: after transplant survival, wants intertill and clean tillage 3 ~ 4 times every year;

(3) apply fertilizer: annual spring, autumn will topdress in conjunction with weeding, spring imposes nitrogen manure before rudiment, and every mu imposes 10 ~ 20 kilograms, urea, and summer imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer immediately after every batch of flower is gathered, before fallen leaves, use base fertilizer after autumn, by apart from the soil deep tillage of 30 centimetres around every plant, then apply farmyard manure 5-10 kilogram, after first planting flower is plucked, quick-acting fertilizer should be imposed in time, to improve output, fertilizer and soil fully to be mixed thoroughly after fertilising, water after grave mound;

(4) shaping beta pruning:

To the young flower strain in age after field planting, to cultivate plant type, generally first stay 3-5 mobile jib, the layout of mobile jib is wanted rationally, should take the cutting back top tip, and short its increases thick;

Rear first time top clipping is spent in the first planting, carries out in early June; Second time cuts summer shoot after regrowth hair mid-July; Late August three batches third time cuts autumn growth after spending, and vegetative period prunes, and requires based on light pruning, and vigorous branches, long shoot stay 3-4 joint cutting backs, and brachyplast is not cut;

Winter carries out the winter and cuts before cutting and sprouting to the spring in next year after leaf in the winter time all comes off, and the winter cuts the principle of main grasp " prosperous branch light pruning, weak branch heavy pruning, lopwood are all cut "; Consider that shoot grows rear strain shape rationally complete, be conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, vigorous branches should generally retain 8-10 to bud by light pruning; Weak branch will weigh; Retain 3-5 to bud; All to wipe out thin, weak, sick and winding branch intersection branch, pruning will be suited measures to local conditions, because of strain suiting measures to different conditions, must guard against " cutter cuts ", good to water and fertilizer condition, grow energetic plant generally cut to take retraction upgrade, based on dredge delete, the method of dynamic " major operation ", transformation upgrades presbyopic pier;

(5) seldom there is disease in extermination of disease and insect pest honeysuckle, if generation brown spot, the measure adopted is as follows: a, their early stage, note extracing sick leaf, spread with disease prevention, strengthen cultivation management, improve plant resistance against diseases, applying organic manure, control applied nitrogen, execute phosphorus more, potash fertilizer, promote tree vigo(u)r robust growth, improve resistance against diseases, rainy season, timely draining, reduce soil moisture, suitable pruning, improve ventilation and penetrating light, b is there is to control disease, their early stage, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of liquid, or 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 75% tpn, every 7 ~ 10d spray once, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times, notice that alternate wheel uses medicine instead, rainy day or fine day should not spray medicine and can spray with 50% carbendazim, 600 times of liquid noon, insect pest mainly China honeysuckle rounded tail aphid after honeysuckle rudiment to before blooming internally the tip endanger, Imidacloprid 2500 times of liquid of available 15% spray,

(6) gather and process budding after within 15-20 days, can pluck, bud expands, in Bluish white for pluck optimum period; Harvesting should in the early morning of every day and the morning, fresh flower after adopting first should be put into green tea water-removing machine and carry out the process that completes, complete temperature 120-140 DEG C, fixation time 5-8 minute, the honeysuckle after completing enters in warm air drier and dries, and bake out temperature is first high rear low, first at 65-70 DEG C, dry 30-40 minute, then dry at cooling to 50-45 DEG C gradually, naturally after cooling, put into food grade plastic bag tying and preserve.

Beneficial effect:

High-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle of the present invention, survival rate is high, and survival rate is greater than 98%, fast growth, can reach the phase of abounding with after general transplanting to Second Year, and keeps getting bumper crops for many years, and per mu yield dried flower can reach 150-200 kilograms.Damage by disease and insect is few, and flower delicate fragrance, flowery odour are lasting.

Embodiment

A kind of high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle, comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of land wholely, field planting

Select, relative fertile soil on the sunny side, use sufficient base manure, plough deeply and plough carefully, dig pit by pier line-spacing 1.2 × 1.5 meters, in the matrix that each hole surperficial layer overlay 3-5cm is thick, carry out field planting in late fall or early spring, every mu of ground plants 450-500 pier, and seedling 1 strain planted by every pier, real by soil pressure, water sufficient water, seal soil, described matrix is prepared from through fermentation by the component raw material of following weight portion: edible mushroom rod 40-50, agricultural crop straw 20-30, bark 10-15, expired dairy produce 10-15, diammonium phosphate 2-3, potassium sulfate 3-4, urea 1-2, eggshell 8-10, bone meal 5-8, Avermectin waste liquid 3-4, the bacillus 2-5 of 4.5 hundred million/milliliter, offcuts 4-6 in glutamate production process, ash 8-10, dregs of a decoction 4-6, sawdust 8-10, haydite 5-10, zeolite powder 8-10, active carbon 0.5-1.0, turmeric dreg 1-4, ethoxyquinoline 0.3-0.5, calcium propionate 0.2-0.4, suitable quantity of water, mixed culture fermentation and obtain matrix,

(2) intertill and clean tillage: after transplant survival, wants intertill and clean tillage 3 ~ 4 times every year;

(3) apply fertilizer: annual spring, autumn will topdress in conjunction with weeding, spring imposes nitrogen manure before rudiment, and every mu imposes 15 kilograms, urea, and summer imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer immediately after every batch of flower is gathered, before fallen leaves, use base fertilizer after autumn, by apart from the soil deep tillage of 30 centimetres around every plant, then apply farmyard manure 8 kilograms, after first planting flower is plucked, quick-acting fertilizer should be imposed in time, to improve output, fertilizer and soil fully to be mixed thoroughly after fertilising, water after grave mound;

(4) shaping beta pruning:

To the young flower strain in age after field planting, to cultivate plant type, generally first stay 3-5 mobile jib, the layout of mobile jib is wanted rationally, should take the cutting back top tip, and short its increases thick;

Rear first time top clipping is spent in the first planting, carries out in early June; Second time cuts summer shoot after regrowth hair mid-July; Late August three batches third time cuts autumn growth after spending, and vegetative period prunes, and requires based on light pruning, and vigorous branches, long shoot stay 3-4 joint cutting backs, and brachyplast is not cut;

Winter carries out the winter and cuts before cutting and sprouting to the spring in next year after leaf in the winter time all comes off, and the winter cuts the principle of main grasp " prosperous branch light pruning, weak branch heavy pruning, lopwood are all cut "; Consider that shoot grows rear strain shape rationally complete, be conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, vigorous branches should generally retain 9 pairs of buds by light pruning; Weak branch will weigh; Retain 4 pairs of buds; All to wipe out thin, weak, sick and winding branch intersection branch, pruning will be suited measures to local conditions, because of strain suiting measures to different conditions, must guard against " cutter cuts ", good to water and fertilizer condition, grow energetic plant generally cut to take retraction upgrade, based on dredge delete, the method of dynamic " major operation ", transformation upgrades presbyopic pier;

(5) seldom there is disease in extermination of disease and insect pest honeysuckle, if there is brown spot, the measure of employing is as follows: a, their early stage, note extracing sick leaf, spread with disease prevention, strengthen cultivation management, improve plant resistance against diseases, applying organic manure, control applied nitrogen, execute phosphorus, potash fertilizer more, promote tree vigo(u)r robust growth, improve resistance against diseases, in rainy season, timely draining, reduces soil moisture, suitable pruning, improves ventilation and penetrating light, occurs to control disease;

B, their early stage, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of liquid, or 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 75% tpn, every 7 ~ 10d spray once, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times, notice that alternate wheel uses medicine instead, rainy day or fine day should not spray medicine noon, insect pest mainly China honeysuckle rounded tail aphid after honeysuckle rudiment to before blooming internally the tip endanger, Imidacloprid 2500 times of liquid of available 15% spray;

(6) gather and process budding after within 15-20 days, can pluck, bud expands, in Bluish white for pluck optimum period; Harvesting should in the early morning of every day and the morning, fresh flower after adopting first should be put into green tea water-removing machine and carry out the process that completes, complete temperature 120-140 DEG C, fixation time 5-8 minute, the honeysuckle after completing enters in warm air drier and dries, and bake out temperature is first high rear low, first at 65-70 DEG C, dry 30-40 minute, then dry at cooling to 50-45 DEG C gradually, naturally after cooling, put into food grade plastic bag tying and preserve.

Processing method has natural drying and oven dry, natural drying is spread out on clean place or seat paper tinsel by fresh flower, and thickness at 2 cm, can tan by the sun under putting sunlight depending on sunlight power, can not drench with rain before not dry, pick flowers season in case of overcast and rainy, is difficult to ensure commercial quality, dry processing and carry out at drying chamber, the room temperature of drying chamber is heated to 45 DEG C, be placed on by fresh flower on paper tinsel basket, added oven dry can be hot to 60 DEG C, and several times humidity discharging and airtight door window are until dry.

Claims (1)

1. a high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of land wholely, field planting

Select, relative fertile soil on the sunny side, use sufficient base manure, plough deeply and plough carefully, dig pit by pier line-spacing 1.2 × 1.5 meters, in the matrix that each hole surperficial layer overlay 3-5cm is thick, carry out field planting in late fall or early spring, every mu of ground plants 450-500 pier, and seedling 1 strain planted by every pier, real by soil pressure, water sufficient water, seal soil, described matrix is prepared from through fermentation by the component raw material of following weight portion: edible mushroom rod 40-50, agricultural crop straw 20-30, bark 10-15, expired dairy produce 10-15, diammonium phosphate 2-3, potassium sulfate 3-4, urea 1-2, eggshell 8-10, bone meal 5-8, Avermectin waste liquid 3-4, the bacillus 2-5 of 4.5 hundred million/milliliter, offcuts 4-6 in glutamate production process, ash 8-10, dregs of a decoction 4-6, sawdust 8-10, haydite 5-10, zeolite powder 8-10, active carbon 0.5-1.0, turmeric dreg 1-4, ethoxyquinoline 0.3-0.5, calcium propionate 0.2-0.4, suitable quantity of water, mixed culture fermentation and obtain matrix,

(2) intertill and clean tillage: after transplant survival, wants intertill and clean tillage 3 ~ 4 times every year;

(3) apply fertilizer: annual spring, autumn will topdress in conjunction with weeding, spring imposes nitrogen manure before rudiment, and every mu imposes 10 ~ 20 kilograms, urea, and summer imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer immediately after every batch of flower is gathered, before fallen leaves, use base fertilizer after autumn, by apart from the soil deep tillage of 30 centimetres around every plant, then apply farmyard manure 5-10 kilogram, after first planting flower is plucked, quick-acting fertilizer should be imposed in time, to improve output, fertilizer and soil fully to be mixed thoroughly after fertilising, water after grave mound;

(4) shaping beta pruning:

To the young flower strain in age after field planting, to cultivate plant type, generally first stay 3-5 mobile jib, the layout of mobile jib is wanted rationally, should take the cutting back top tip, and short its increases thick;

Rear first time top clipping is spent in the first planting, carries out in early June; Second time cuts summer shoot after regrowth hair mid-July; Late August three batches third time cuts autumn growth after spending, and vegetative period prunes, and requires based on light pruning, and vigorous branches, long shoot stay 3-4 joint cutting backs, and brachyplast is not cut;

Winter carries out the winter and cuts before cutting and sprouting to the spring in next year after leaf in the winter time all comes off, and the winter cuts the principle of main grasp " prosperous branch light pruning, weak branch heavy pruning, lopwood are all cut "; Consider that shoot grows rear strain shape rationally complete, be conducive to ventilation and penetrating light, vigorous branches should generally retain 8-10 to bud by light pruning; Weak branch will weigh; Retain 3-5 to bud; All to wipe out thin, weak, sick and winding branch intersection branch, pruning will be suited measures to local conditions, because of strain suiting measures to different conditions, must guard against " cutter cuts ", good to water and fertilizer condition, grow energetic plant generally cut to take retraction upgrade, based on dredge delete, the method of dynamic " major operation ", transformation upgrades presbyopic pier;

(5) seldom there is disease in extermination of disease and insect pest honeysuckle, if generation brown spot, the measure adopted is as follows: a, their early stage, note extracing sick leaf, spread with disease prevention, strengthen cultivation management, improve plant resistance against diseases, applying organic manure, control applied nitrogen, execute phosphorus more, potash fertilizer, promote tree vigo(u)r robust growth, improve resistance against diseases, rainy season, timely draining, reduce soil moisture, suitable pruning, improve ventilation and penetrating light, b is there is to control disease, their early stage, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of liquid, or 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 75% tpn, every 7 ~ 10d spray once, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times, notice that alternate wheel uses medicine instead, rainy day or fine day should not spray medicine noon, insect pest mainly China honeysuckle rounded tail aphid after honeysuckle rudiment to before blooming internally the tip endanger, Imidacloprid 2500 times of liquid of available 15% spray,

(6) gather and process budding after within 15-20 days, can pluck, bud expands, in Bluish white for pluck optimum period; Harvesting should in the early morning of every day and the morning, fresh flower after adopting first should be put into green tea water-removing machine and carry out the process that completes, complete temperature 120-140 DEG C, fixation time 5-8 minute, the honeysuckle after completing enters in warm air drier and dries, and bake out temperature is first high rear low, first at 65-70 DEG C, dry 30-40 minute, then dry at cooling to 50-45 DEG C gradually, naturally after cooling, put into food grade plastic bag tying and preserve.