CN104877262A - 一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104877262A
CN104877262A CN201510259114.2A CN201510259114A CN104877262A CN 104877262 A CN104877262 A CN 104877262A CN 201510259114 A CN201510259114 A CN 201510259114A CN 104877262 A CN104877262 A CN 104877262A
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矫磊
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,以重量份计,包括以下组分:聚氯乙烯树脂20-30份,废旧橡胶粉15-20份,异氰酸酯8-10份,碳化硅纤维2-6份,环氧大豆油3-7份,壳寡糖5-15份,粉煤灰5-10份,纳米氧化钛1-3份,碳纤维1-5份,玻璃微珠2-3份,润滑剂2-8份,交联剂3-10份,稳定剂4-6份,发泡剂2-5份。本发明还公开了该聚氯乙烯装饰板材的制备方法。本发明提供的聚氯乙烯装饰板材,抗冲击性强,耐高温性能好,力学性能好,表面光洁,耐腐蚀性能好,不易老化,力学性能好,且原料无毒,环保,成本低。

Description

一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材及其制备方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种装饰材料,具体的涉及一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材。
背景技术:
装饰材料分为两大部分:一部分为室外材料,一部分为室内材料。室内材料再分为实材,板材、片材、型材、线材五个类型。装饰板材是所有板材的总称,主要有:细木工板、胶合板、装饰面板、密度板、集成材、刨花板、防火板、石膏板、PVC板、铝扣板、铝塑板、三维板等。
由于PVC材料的优异的耐腐蚀性能、电绝缘性能以及价格低廉等优点,聚氯乙烯装饰板受到广泛的应用,但是聚氯乙烯装饰板材耐热性差,抗冲击性能差,不耐磨,易老化。
中国专利(201210412230.X)公开了一种高抗冲PVC复合树脂HI5硬质聚氯乙烯塑料板材,包括高抗冲PVC复合树脂,热稳定剂、内润滑剂、外润滑剂、钛白粉、填充剂。该塑料板材抗冲击性能好,耐候性好,但是耐磨性差,易老化。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,其抗冲击性强,耐高温性能好,力学性能好,表面光洁,耐腐蚀性能好,不易老化,力学性能好,且原料无毒,环保,成本低。
本发明的另一个目的是提供该聚氯乙烯装饰板材的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
聚氯乙烯树脂20-30份,废旧橡胶粉15-20份,
异氰酸酯8-10份,碳化硅纤维2-6份,
环氧大豆油3-7份,壳寡糖5-15份,
粉煤灰5-10份,纳米氧化钛1-3份,
碳纤维1-5份,玻璃微珠2-3份,
润滑剂2-8份,交联剂3-10份,
稳定剂4-6份,发泡剂2-5份。
作为上述技术方案的优选,一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
聚氯乙烯树脂30份,废旧橡胶粉15份,
异氰酸酯10份,碳化硅纤维5份,
环氧大豆油6份,壳寡糖12份,
粉煤灰10份,纳米氧化钛3份,
碳纤维4份,玻璃微珠3份,
润滑剂6份,交联剂8份,
稳定剂5份,发泡剂5份。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述碳化硅纤维为晶须纤维,其晶须直径为0.1-0.15μm,长度为20-50μm。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述粉煤灰的粒径为500-900目,且表面由钛酸酯偶联剂处理。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述碳纤维的孔隙率为0.1-0.5%。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述玻璃微珠的粒径大小为10-20μm,比重为2.4g/cm3,气泡含量为0.5-3.5%。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述稳定剂为硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌的混合物,二者质量比为1:1。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述发泡剂为AC发泡剂。
一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚氯乙烯树脂、废旧橡胶粉、异氰酸酯、环氧大豆油、粉煤灰加入到高速捏合机中,在8000-10000转/分,温度为90-110℃下,捏合2-5min,继续加入碳化硅纤维、壳寡糖、纳米氧化钛、碳纤维、玻璃微珠,继续捏合5-10min,然后加入润滑剂、交联剂、稳定剂和发泡剂,捏合3-6min,得到混合物料;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物料由单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒后由单螺杆挤出机挤出成型,得到熔体;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的熔体进入定型模,在真空度为0.06-0.09MPa的条件下,贴附在模壁上冷却定型,定型后,在2m/min的牵引速度下牵引,得到板材,在温度为140-170℃,压力为0.2-0.5MPa的条件下覆膜,覆膜时间为1-3s。
作为上述技术方案的优选,步骤(2)中,所述挤出造粒的条件为:加热段温度:1段145-155℃,2段155-165℃,3段165-175℃,4段175-185℃,5段175-185℃,机体温度175-185℃,口模温度175-185℃,螺杆转速25-35r/min;所述挤出成型的条件为:加热段温度:1段165-175℃,2段175-185℃,3段185-195℃,机体温度165-175℃,口模温度180-190℃,螺杆转速21-35r/min。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供的聚氯乙烯装饰板材通过聚氯乙烯树脂与废旧橡胶粉混合,使得聚氯乙烯树脂耐磨性、耐高温性能大大提高,且实现了资源再利用,不仅节约了成本,还解决了废旧橡胶粉对环境的污染问题;
本发明提供聚氯乙烯装饰板材中加入碳化硅纤维、碳纤维等填料,大大提高了板材的抗冲击性能,韧性大大提高;玻璃微珠的加入使得装饰板材的弹性变大,耐磨性能提高;壳寡糖的加入不仅提高了装饰板材的防腐性能,其还可以吸收紫外线,大大提高了聚氯乙烯装饰板材的耐老化性能。
具体实施方式:
为更好的理解本发明,下面通过实施例对本发明进一步说明,实施例只用于解释本发明,不会对本发明构成任何的限定。
实施例1
一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
聚氯乙烯树脂20份,废旧橡胶粉15份,异氰酸酯8份,碳化硅纤维2
份,环氧大豆油3份,壳寡糖5份,
粉煤灰5份,纳米氧化钛1份,碳纤维1份,
玻璃微珠2份,润滑剂2份,交联剂3份,
稳定剂4份,发泡剂2份。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚氯乙烯树脂、废旧橡胶粉、异氰酸酯、环氧大豆油、粉煤灰加入到高速捏合机中,在8000转/分,温度为90℃下,捏合2min,继续加入碳化硅纤维、壳寡糖、纳米氧化钛、碳纤维、玻璃微珠,继续捏合5min,然后加入润滑剂、交联剂、稳定剂和发泡剂,捏合3min,得到混合物料;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物料由单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒后由单螺杆挤出机挤出成型,得到熔体;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的熔体进入定型模,在真空度为0.06-0.09MPa的条件下,贴附在模壁上冷却定型,定型后,在2m/min的牵引速度下牵引,得到板材,在温度为140℃,压力为0.2MPa的条件下覆膜,覆膜时间为1s。
其中,步骤(2)中,所述挤出造粒的条件为:加热段温度:1段145℃,2段155℃,3段165℃,4段175℃,5段175℃,机体温度175℃,口模温度175℃,螺杆转速25r/min;所述挤出成型的条件为:加热段温度:1段165℃,2段175℃,3段185℃,机体温度165℃,口模温度180℃,螺杆转速21r/min。
实施例2
一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
聚氯乙烯树脂30份,废旧橡胶粉20份,异氰酸酯10份,碳化硅纤维
6份,环氧大豆油7份,壳寡糖15份,
粉煤灰10份,纳米氧化钛3份,碳纤维5份,
玻璃微珠3份,润滑剂8份,交联剂10份,
稳定剂6份,发泡剂5份。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚氯乙烯树脂、废旧橡胶粉、异氰酸酯、环氧大豆油、粉煤灰加入到高速捏合机中,在10000转/分,温度为110℃下,捏合5min,继续加入碳化硅纤维、壳寡糖、纳米氧化钛、碳纤维、玻璃微珠,继续捏合10min,然后加入润滑剂、交联剂、稳定剂和发泡剂,捏合6min,得到混合物料;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物料由单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒后由单螺杆挤出机挤出成型,得到熔体;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的熔体进入定型模,在真空度为0.06-0.09MPa的条件下,贴附在模壁上冷却定型,定型后,在2m/min的牵引速度下牵引,得到板材,在温度为170℃,压力为0.5MPa的条件下覆膜,覆膜时间为3s。
其中,步骤(2)中,所述挤出造粒的条件为:加热段温度:1段155℃,2段165℃,3段175℃,4段185℃,5段185℃,机体温度185℃,口模温度185℃,螺杆转速35r/min;所述挤出成型的条件为:加热段温度:1段175℃,2段185℃,3段195℃,机体温度175℃,口模温度190℃,螺杆转速35r/min。
实施例3
一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
聚氯乙烯树脂22份,废旧橡胶粉16份,异氰酸酯8.5份,碳化硅纤维
3份,环氧大豆油4份,壳寡糖7份,
粉煤灰6份,纳米氧化钛1.5份,碳纤维2份,
玻璃微珠2.2份,润滑剂3份,交联剂4份,
稳定剂4.5份,发泡剂3份。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚氯乙烯树脂、废旧橡胶粉、异氰酸酯、环氧大豆油、粉煤灰加入到高速捏合机中,在8500转/分,温度为95℃下,捏合3min,继续加入碳化硅纤维、壳寡糖、纳米氧化钛、碳纤维、玻璃微珠,继续捏合6min,然后加入润滑剂、交联剂、稳定剂和发泡剂,捏合4min,得到混合物料;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物料由单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒后由单螺杆挤出机挤出成型,得到熔体;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的熔体进入定型模,在真空度为0.06-0.09MPa的条件下,贴附在模壁上冷却定型,定型后,在2m/min的牵引速度下牵引,得到板材,在温度为150℃,压力为0.3MPa的条件下覆膜,覆膜时间为2s。
其中,步骤(2)中,所述挤出造粒的条件为:加热段温度:1段147℃,2段157℃,3段167℃,4段177℃,5段177℃,机体温度177℃,口模温度177℃,螺杆转速27r/min;所述挤出成型的条件为:加热段温度:1段167℃,2段177℃,3段187℃,机体温度167℃,口模温度182℃,螺杆转速23r/min。
实施例4
一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
聚氯乙烯树脂24份,废旧橡胶粉17份,异氰酸酯9份,碳化硅纤维4
份,环氧大豆油5份,壳寡糖9份,
粉煤灰7份,纳米氧化钛2份,碳纤维3份,
玻璃微珠2.4份,润滑剂4份,交联剂5份,
稳定剂5份,发泡剂3.5份。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚氯乙烯树脂、废旧橡胶粉、异氰酸酯、环氧大豆油、粉煤灰加入到高速捏合机中,在9000转/分,温度为100℃下,捏合4min,继续加入碳化硅纤维、壳寡糖、纳米氧化钛、碳纤维、玻璃微珠,继续捏合7min,然后加入润滑剂、交联剂、稳定剂和发泡剂,捏合5min,得到混合物料;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物料由单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒后由单螺杆挤出机挤出成型,得到熔体;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的熔体进入定型模,在真空度为0.06-0.09MPa的条件下,贴附在模壁上冷却定型,定型后,在2m/min的牵引速度下牵引,得到板材,在温度为160℃,压力为0.4MPa的条件下覆膜,覆膜时间为3s。
其中,步骤(2)中,所述挤出造粒的条件为:加热段温度:1段149℃,2段159℃,3段169℃,4段179℃,5段179℃,机体温度179℃,口模温度179℃,螺杆转速29r/min;所述挤出成型的条件为:加热段温度:1段169℃,2段179℃,3段189℃,机体温度169℃,口模温度184℃,螺杆转速25r/min。
实施例5
一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
聚氯乙烯树脂26份,废旧橡胶粉18份,异氰酸酯9.5份,碳化硅纤维
5份,环氧大豆油6份,壳寡糖11份,
粉煤灰8份,纳米氧化钛2.5份,碳纤维4.5份,
玻璃微珠2.6份,润滑剂5份,交联剂6份,
稳定剂5.5份,发泡剂3.5份。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚氯乙烯树脂、废旧橡胶粉、异氰酸酯、环氧大豆油、粉煤灰加入到高速捏合机中,在9500转/分,温度为105℃下,捏合5min,继续加入碳化硅纤维、壳寡糖、纳米氧化钛、碳纤维、玻璃微珠,继续捏合8min,然后加入润滑剂、交联剂、稳定剂和发泡剂,捏合5min,得到混合物料;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物料由单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒后由单螺杆挤出机挤出成型,得到熔体;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的熔体进入定型模,在真空度为0.06-0.09MPa的条件下,贴附在模壁上冷却定型,定型后,在2m/min的牵引速度下牵引,得到板材,在温度为165℃,压力为0.5MPa的条件下覆膜,覆膜时间为2s。
其中,步骤(2)中,所述挤出造粒的条件为:加热段温度:1段151℃,2段161℃,3段171℃,4段181℃,5段181℃,机体温度181℃,口模温度181℃,螺杆转速31r/min;所述挤出成型的条件为:加热段温度:1段171℃,2段181℃,3段191℃,机体温度171℃,口模温度186℃,螺杆转速31r/min。
实施例6
一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
聚氯乙烯树脂28份,废旧橡胶粉18份,异氰酸酯9.5份,碳化硅纤维
5份,环氧大豆油6份,壳寡糖13份,
粉煤灰9份,纳米氧化钛2份,碳纤维4份,
玻璃微珠2.8份,润滑剂7份,交联剂9份,
稳定剂5份,发泡剂4份。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚氯乙烯树脂、废旧橡胶粉、异氰酸酯、环氧大豆油、粉煤灰加入到高速捏合机中,在10000转/分,温度为110℃下,捏合4min,继续加入碳化硅纤维、壳寡糖、纳米氧化钛、碳纤维、玻璃微珠,继续捏合9min,然后加入润滑剂、交联剂、稳定剂和发泡剂,捏合5min,得到混合物料;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物料由单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒后由单螺杆挤出机挤出成型,得到熔体;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的熔体进入定型模,在真空度为0.06-0.09MPa的条件下,贴附在模壁上冷却定型,定型后,在2m/min的牵引速度下牵引,得到板材,在温度为165℃,压力为0.4MPa的条件下覆膜,覆膜时间为3s。
其中,步骤(2)中,所述挤出造粒的条件为:加热段温度:1段153℃,2段163℃,3段173℃,4段183℃,5段183℃,机体温度183℃,口模温度183℃,螺杆转速33r/min;所述挤出成型的条件为:加热段温度:1段173℃,2段183℃,3段193℃,机体温度173℃,口模温度188℃,螺杆转速33r/min。
下面对实施例1-6制备的聚氯乙烯装饰板材进行性能测试,测试结果如表1所示。
表1
从表1来看,本发明制备的聚氯乙烯装饰板材,抗冲击性好,耐高温性能好,具有较强的耐腐蚀性能,力学性能好。

Claims (10)

1.一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,其特征在于,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
聚氯乙烯树脂20-30份,废旧橡胶粉15-20份,
异氰酸酯8-10份,碳化硅纤维2-6份,
环氧大豆油3-7份,壳寡糖5-15份,
粉煤灰5-10份,纳米氧化钛1-3份,
碳纤维1-5份,玻璃微珠2-3份,
润滑剂2-8份,交联剂3-10份,
稳定剂4-6份,发泡剂2-5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,其特征在于,以重量份计,包括以下组分:
聚氯乙烯树脂30份,废旧橡胶粉15份,
异氰酸酯10份,碳化硅纤维5份,
环氧大豆油6份,壳寡糖12份,
粉煤灰10份,纳米氧化钛3份,
碳纤维4份,玻璃微珠3份,
润滑剂6份,交联剂8份,
稳定剂5份,发泡剂5份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,其特征在于:所述碳化硅纤维为晶须纤维,其晶须直径为0.1-0.15μm,长度为20-50μm。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,其特征在于:所述粉煤灰的粒径为500-900目,且表面由钛酸酯偶联剂处理。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,其特征在于:所述碳纤维的孔隙率为0.1-0.5%。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,其特征在于:所述玻璃微珠的粒径大小为10-20μm,比重为2.4g/cm3,气泡含量为0.5-3.5%。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,其特征在于:所述稳定剂为硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌的混合物,二者质量比为1:1。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材,其特征在于:所述发泡剂为AC发泡剂。
9.如权利要求1至8任一所述的一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚氯乙烯树脂、废旧橡胶粉、异氰酸酯、环氧大豆油、粉煤灰加入到高速捏合机中,在8000-10000转/分,温度为90-110℃下,捏合2-5min,继续加入碳化硅纤维、壳寡糖、纳米氧化钛、碳纤维、玻璃微珠,继续捏合5-10min,然后加入润滑剂、交联剂、稳定剂和发泡剂,捏合3-6min,得到混合物料;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物料由单螺杆挤出机挤出造粒后由单螺杆挤出机挤出成型,得到熔体;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的熔体进入定型模,在真空度为0.06-0.09MPa的条件下,贴附在模壁上冷却定型,定型后,在2m/min的牵引速度下牵引,得到板材,在温度为140-170℃,压力为0.2-0.5MPa的条件下覆膜,覆膜时间为1-3s。
10.如权利要求9所述的一种聚氯乙烯装饰板材的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述挤出造粒的条件为:加热段温度:1段145-155℃,2段155-165℃,3段165-175℃,4段175-185℃,5段175-185℃,机体温度175-185℃,口模温度175-185℃,螺杆转速25-35r/min;所述挤出成型的条件为:加热段温度:1段165-175℃,2段175-185℃,3段185-195℃,机体温度165-175℃,口模温度180-190℃,螺杆转速21-35r/min。
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