CN104855442A - Medical fertilizer for preventing and controlling nematodes and application method - Google Patents
Medical fertilizer for preventing and controlling nematodes and application method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a medical fertilizer for preventing and controlling nematodes and an application method. Betel nuts, pumpkin seeds, paris polyphylla, dahurian patrinia herb, cocklebur fruits, sophora flavescens, liquorice, pomegranate, Chinese pulsatilla roots, melia azedarach, rhizoma cibotii and other Chinese herbal medicine extracting solutions are used as a plant pesticide, compound pesticide prepared by the plant pesticide and a biological pesticide is used for preventing and controlling the nematodes, especially ditylenchus destructors harming various crops and is a low-toxicity, environment-friendly and green plant pesticide, the crop quality can be also improved, and crop yield can be improved. The medical fertilizer is a novel multifunctional ecological environment-friendly pesticide and has the active pushing effect on effective reduction of high-toxic pesticide application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, being specifically related to for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine fertilizer and application process.
Background technology
Rot stem nematodes at home and abroad endangers seriously, is one of important disease in sweet potato producing region, and harm kind is many, and economic loss is serious.At present, about allogenic material control rot stem nematodes mainly based on chemical pesticide, domestic mainly through phoxim, pass prestige of going out, carbofuran, the organophosphorous pesticides such as fosthiazate are filled with root or are spread pesticide-clay mixture etc. and use, the most toxicity of conventional control nematode medicament is high, and consumption is large, and difficulty of prevention and cure is high, the chronic administration of chemical pesticide is unfavorable for agricultural safety environmental protection sustainable development, has become urgent problem in current agricultural production.
Botanical pesticide is an important component part of biopesticide.It refers to the stable active ingredient contained by some position (root, stem, leaf, flower or fruit) utilizing plant, after recipient plant being used by certain method, make it exempt from or alleviate the plant resource preparation that the pests such as disease, worm, weeds cause harm.Use because of botanical pesticide is conducive to agricultural safety environmental protection sustainable development, and inventor is constantly probing into a kind of medicine fertilizer preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides for preventing and treating the fertile and application process of plant pathogeny line insect medicine, be intended to science application press down nematicide botanical material and with biopesticide composite come Collaborative Control plant pathogeny line insect endanger.This medicament fertilizer formulation is low toxicity, environmental protection, and green botanical pesticide, has nematode and knock down fast, suppresses nematode growth, breeding, and malicious nematicide effect; This invention simultaneously also can improve crops quality, improves crop yield, uses also play the effect of actively promoting for effective reduction high-toxic pesticide.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Fertile for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine, comprise
A: the active extract 5% ~ 20% of one or both any proportionings in betel nut, pumpkin seeds, active extract relative density is 1.03 ~ 1.07;
B: Tween 80 1% ~ 5%; Neopelex 0.5% ~ 2%;
C: surplus is water.
Fertile for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine, comprise
A: the active extract 5% ~ 10% of one or both any proportionings in betel nut, pumpkin seeds, active extract relative density is 1.03 ~ 1.07;
B: the active extract 5% ~ 10% of one or more any proportionings in Paris polyphylla, field pennycress, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, kuh-seng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, pomegranate, the Chinese pulsatilla, China tree, rhizoma cibotii, active extract relative density is 1.03 ~ 1.07;
C: Tween 80 1% ~ 5%; Neopelex 0.5% ~ 2%;
D: surplus is water.
Above scheme is improved further, and described active extract adopts water extraction or ethanol to carry, and carries out with 10 ~ 50 grams/100ml mass volume ratio.
The application process of control plant pathogeny line insect medicine fertilizer, by above-mentioned for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine fertilizer dilution 1 ~ 10 times of liquid, directly fills with root after crop field planting.
Fertile for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine, comprise
A: the dry powder of one or both any proportionings of betel nut, pumpkin seeds or fermentation product: 1% ~ 99%;
B: the dry powder of one or more any proportionings or fermentation product in Paris polyphylla, field pennycress, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, kuh-seng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, pomegranate, the Chinese pulsatilla, China tree, rhizoma cibotii: 1% ~ 99%.
Fertile for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine, comprise
A: pumpkin seeds: the dry powder of betel nut=0.8 ~ 1.2:0.8 ~ 1.2 or fermentation product 5% ~ 20%;
B: the dry powder of one or more any proportionings or fermentation product 1% ~ 15% in Paris polyphylla, field pennycress, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, kuh-seng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, pomegranate, the Chinese pulsatilla, China tree, rhizoma cibotii
C: bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 3% ~ 15%, convention amount auxiliary agent, bacillus subtilis active constituent content 1,000 hundred million gemma/gram;
D: rapeseed cake or peanut cake fertilizer surplus.
Fertile for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine, comprise
A: pumpkin seeds: the dry powder of betel nut=0.8 ~ 1.2:0.8 ~ 1.2 or fermentation product 4% ~ 20%;
B: the dry powder of one or more any proportionings or fermentation product 1% ~ 10% in Paris polyphylla, field pennycress, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, kuh-seng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, pomegranate, the Chinese pulsatilla, China tree, rhizoma cibotii
C: Avermectin 0.1 ~ 0.4%, convention amount auxiliary agent;
D: rapeseed cake or peanut cake fertilizer surplus.
The application process of control plant pathogeny line insect medicine fertilizer, to be used for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine fertile by above-mentioned, spreads manuer in holes, ditch spread or spread fertilizer over the fields after crop field planting.
Recipe ingredient function:
One, betel nut
Active chemical: containing alkaloid 0.3% ~ 0.6%, be mainly arecaline, all the other have arecaidine, guvacoline, demethyl arecaidine, arecolidine, homarecoline, different demethyl arecaidine etc., are all combined with tannic acid and exist.Again fatty oily 14%, wherein fatty acid has lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, tetradecenoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid etc.Still containing tannin and areca red.Arecaline molecular formula: C
8h
13nO
2, can with multiple sour salify, there is good insecticidal activity, have and intend choline effect, and there is the effect of picture nicotine.
Function: the effects such as desinsection, nutrition, promotion plant growth are provided.
Two, pumpkin seeds
Active chemical: containing cucurbitin (cucurbitine), fat oil, protein, Cobastab
1, C etc., the main component in fat oil is the glyceride of linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid etc.Cucurbitin molecular formula: C
5h
10n
2o
2; Formal name used at school: 3-amino-3-carboxy-pyrrolidin.Uncommon amino acid, is present in pumpkin, toxic, as helminthagogue.
Function: desinsection, the effects such as nutrition.
Three, Paris polyphylla, field pennycress, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, kuh-seng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, pomegranate, the Chinese pulsatilla, China tree, rhizoma cibotii Chinese herbal medicine can optionally wherein one or several.
Function: Synergistic insecticidal, synergistic effect.
Four, cake fertilizer: cake fertilizer extracts the residue after oil content containing the seed of Chuck Steak, and popular name oil cake, is oil cake again.It contains abundant nutrient component, is called cake fertilizer when making fertilizer.Mainly contain soybean cake, rapeseed cake, groundnut cake, cedar seed cake etc., the organic matter containing 75%-85% in cake, nitrogen (N) is 1.1-6%, phosphorus (P
2o
5) be 0.4%-3.0%, potassium (K
2o) be 0.9%-2.1%, also containing protein and amino acid etc.
Function: nutrition, synergy, desinsection.
Five, bacillus subtilis: bacillus subtilis is widespread in nature, nontoxic to people and animals, free from environmental pollution, can multiple antibiotic and enzyme be produced, there is broad spectrum antibiotic activity and extremely strong anti-adversity ability.Current this bacteria preparation demonstrates good disease-controlling effect on the crops such as cucumber, capsicum and tomato, also has certain control action to nematode.
Six, Avermectin: the antibiotics insecticidal/acaricidal agent being a kind of efficient, wide spectrum.It is made up of one group of macrolides compound, and active substance is AVERMECTIN, has stomach toxicity and action of contace poison to mite class and insect.Spray leaf surface and can decompose dissipation rapidly, the active ingredient infiltrated in plant parenchyma can be present in tissue and to have conduction the long period, has long residual effect to the insect taking food harm in evil mite and plant tissue.Be mainly used in poultry, domestic animal endoparasite and ectoparasite and crop pests, also have certain control efficiency to nematode.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following obvious advantage:
The Chinese herbal medicine such as current betel nut, pumpkin seeds, Paris polyphylla, field pennycress, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, kuh-seng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, pomegranate, the Chinese pulsatilla, China tree, rhizoma cibotii and with the compound drug of biopesticide to plant pathogeny line insect, especially endanger the rot stem nematodes of various crop, whether have Developing restraint, toxic action has no report.In the present invention's formula, extracts of Chinese herbal medicine has knocking down property fast to nematode, take food for suppressing nematode fast, movable harm Be very effective, biopesticide is on the low side to the knocking down property fast of nematode in early days in dispenser, and along with the processing time extend higher to nematode lethality rate, namely the final toxic effect of biopesticide is better, therefore the present invention combines knocking down property and poisoning property fast, dispenser after 2 days nematode stop take food, hypoergia, dispenser 7 days to 10 days nematodes are dead immediately, play and knock down nematode fast, suppress it to grow, breeding, the nematicide effect of final poison, the present invention is simultaneously low toxicity, environmental protection, green botanical pesticide, and improve crops quality, improve crop yield, it is a kind of Multifunction ecological environmental-protection fertilizer, environmentally friendly, effective reduction high-toxic pesticide is used and plays the effect of actively promoting.
Embodiment
The cultivation of 1.1 nematodes:
Rot stem nematodes from sweet potato lesion is cultivated.Be separated from sick potato after obtaining nematode, first under anatomical lens, choose the stronger nematode of vitality 100, use 3% H
2o
2sterilize 3 min, is inoculated into and sterilizes on the healthy potato block of 5 min through ethanol (75%), seal with wax.After 25 DEG C of cultivation 30 d, transfer to 4 DEG C of refrigerators for subsequent use.
The preparation of 1.2 allogenes
Choosing of tcm and herbal slice: betel nut, pumpkin seeds, Paris polyphylla, field pennycress, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, kuh-seng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, pomegranate, the Chinese pulsatilla, China tree, rhizoma cibotii, blackberry lily, the coptis, FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI from Hangzhou of China, dried orange peel, the capsule of weeping forsythia, honeysuckle.Choosing from the raw prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs in Anhui ten thousand, positive thatched cottage, Nanjing, Beijing Tongrentang person of outstanding talent state drink, Hao Zhouyonggang medicine materical crude slice factory of above herbal decoction piece.For biopesticide 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of examination and bacillus subtilis bacteria powder (active constituent content 1,000 hundred million gemma/gram) and the former medicine of Avermectin, auxiliary agent etc. commercially available.
The extracting method of 1.3 active substances
70% ethanol extraction method: get each medicinal material 10g respectively, for surveying after soaking 7d with 70% alcohol 50ml.
1.4 measure acceptor nematode susceptibility about for surveying alcohol concentration
Blank test gradient is with alcohol concentration for 3.5%, and 7%, 21%, 30%, 40%, 50% process nematode, observes nemic death rate, filters out suitable confession and surveys alcohol concentration, be advisable not affect to nematode determination of activity result.Wherein select alcohol concentration to be 3.5% for receptor assay concentration, under this concentration, nematode survival is not affected, nemic death rate and knock down (anesthesia, inhibitory or killing effect) rate can be subject to alcohol concentration and affect corrected mortality under other concentration process.Test finally choose Chinese herbal medicine alcohol concentration be 3.5% extract carry out nematode living body biological mensuration, nematode inoculum concentration is 100; The treatment fluid 4ml of inoculated nematode is placed in 5ml centrifuge tube and processes 1d respectively in 25 DEG C of incubators, after 2d, 4d, 6d, observe statistics nematode rate of knockdown.
Table 1: indoor different disposal measures (percentage %) to rot stem nematodes rate of knockdown
Note: pumpkin seeds+betel nut: refer to that both measure after composite by 1:1 after 3.5% alcoholic extract; Other are 3.5% alcoholic extract and measure; Contrast is 3.5% alcohol contrast and clear water contrast; The present invention's formula selects 1 day to the botanical material of nematode rate of knockdown more than 80%.
The botanical material selected from the visible formula of the present invention of upper table has knocks down performance fast, and biological pesticide avermectin and bacillus subtilis rate of knockdown not high, only can reach 60% and about 70% reluctantly after 6 days.Subsequent experimental is also learnt and is adopted botanical material alcoholic extract of the present invention to soak after 8 days nematode lethality rate 76% ~ 87%, and Avermectin and bacillus subtilis lethality rate are more than 92%.
Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment, relevant technologies scheme of the present invention is described further.
embodiment 1:form by following weight ratio is composite:
A: betel nut and pumpkin are got 100 grams (betel nuts: pumpkin weight ratio=1:1) altogether; The suitable quantity of water that added water by described weight ratio Chinese herbal medicine material 100g is settled to 500ml by extracting in boiling water after 30 minutes;
B: Tween 80 50 grams, neopelex 25 grams;
C: surplus is water.
Be settled to 4000ml after above formula combination mixes for subsequent use, can dilute 1 times ~ 10 times liquid, dip method measures and directly fills with root effect to rot stem nematodes, but kills effect 55 ~ 90%.Also the control that aqua is directly used in nematode can be processed into by arbitrary proportion.
embodiment 2:form by following weight ratio is composite:
A: betel nut and pumpkin get 100g(betel nut altogether: pumpkin weight ratio=4:6); After described weight ratio Chinese herbal medicine material 100g is added 70% ethanol 500ml, ethanol evaporation is fallen for subsequent use by extraction after 7 days;
B: the 100g(achene of Siberian cocklebur got altogether by the achene of Siberian cocklebur and kuh-seng: kuh-seng weight ratio=1:1); Described weight ratio Chinese herbal medicine material 100g is added after 70% ethanol 500ml extracts 7 days, ethanol evaporation is fallen for subsequent use;
C: Tween 80 50 grams, neopelex 25 grams;
D: excess water.
5000ml is settled to for subsequent use after above component formula being mixed; More than formula can dilute 1 times ~ 10 times liquid, and dip method measures and directly fills with root effect to rot stem nematodes, but kills effect 60 ~ 94%.Also the control that aqua is directly used in nematode can be processed into by arbitrary proportion.
embodiment 3:form by following weight ratio is composite:
Formula total amount 2 kilograms.
A: pumpkin seeds and betel nut dry powder amount to 1000g(pumpkin seeds: betel nut weight ratio=2:1);
B: the achene of Siberian cocklebur, kuh-seng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, pomegranate, Chinese pulsatilla fermentation product amount to 1000g(five kinds of materials and respectively get portion)
embodiment 4:form by following weight ratio is composite:
Formula total amount 10 kilograms.
A: pumpkin seeds and betel nut fermentation product amount to 2000g(pumpkin seeds: betel nut weight ratio=0.8:1.2);
B: Paris polyphylla, field pennycress, kuh-seng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, China tree fermentation product amount to 500g(five kinds of materials and respectively get portion);
C: bacillus subtilis (active constituent content 1,000 hundred million gemma/gram) 500g, dispersant neopelex 60g;
D: peanut cake fertilizer surplus.
embodiment 5:form by following weight ratio is composite;
Formula total amount 10 kilograms.
A: pumpkin seeds and betel nut dry powder amount to 1600g(pumpkin seeds: betel nut weight ratio=1:1);
B: the achene of Siberian cocklebur, the Chinese pulsatilla, rhizoma cibotii dry powder 600g(tri-kinds of materials respectively get portion)
C: the pure active ingredient 12g of Avermectin; Dispersant neopelex 60g.
D: rapeseed cake fertilizer surplus.
Embodiment 3,4,5 also can be processed into granule according to a conventional method to be used.
The each scheme of above-described embodiment 1 ~ 5 is in Field information effect
Embodiment 1,2,3,4,5 is respectively used to the field of sweet potato field and cucumber field, Peanut Fields generation eelworm harm, the time of infertility, a drug, used respectively at after crop field planting.Contrast medicament is 1.8% Avermectin.Embodiment 1,2 dilutes 5 times of liquid irrigating root process respectively, every strain consumption 250ml; Embodiment 3 consumption 4 kgs/acre; Embodiment 4,5 consumption is 10 kgs/acre, ditch spread after field planting; Contrast medicament usage amount: 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate dilutes 1000 times of liquid, and every strain 250ml root-pouring method is used; Every community for once to repeat, about 40 square metres, each process repetition 3 times; 20 strain investigation statistics nematode infection incidences are randomly drawed in each process harvest time, calculate morbidity strain number, control efficiency and output etc.
Table 2: different disposal is to the control efficiency of nematode
As can be seen from test, embodiment 1,2,3 is used separately also has certain control action to eelworm harm, comparing preventive effect with contrast medicament, to have height to have low, can use with the medicament rotation such as Avermectin as a kind of botanical pesticide, to alleviate the pesticide resistance that nematode produces medicament single administration such as Avermectin, embodiment 4 and embodiment 5 in the field of several crop eelworm harm control efficiency apparently higher than contrast medicament Avermectin, the time of infertility, a drug preventive effect still can control at 67.74%-75.86%, effect of increasing production is obvious simultaneously, visible invention medicine is fertile has great role for effectively controlling nematode occurrence injury, betel nut in medicine fertilizer, the botanical material environment-friendly high-efficiencies such as pumpkin seeds are pollution-free, early stage very high to nematode rate of knockdown in process, but lethality rate is but so not high, Avermectin simultaneously in formula and bacillus subtilis early stage not high to nematode rate of knockdown in process, but final lethality rate is higher, it is efficient low biologic product, the more than formula combination that utilizes the lethal of Chinese herbal medicine knocking down property and biopesticide fast composite, can effectively control nematodiasis to develop, environmentally friendly, there is again effect of supplementary fertilizer simultaneously, this substitutes medium poison for current nematoda control aspect, high-toxic pesticide, to can yet be regarded as a kind of desirable controlling way.
Claims (9)
1. fertile for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine, it is characterized in that: comprise
A: the active extract 5% ~ 20% of one or both any proportionings in betel nut, pumpkin seeds, active extract relative density is 1.03 ~ 1.07;
B: Tween 80 1% ~ 5%; Neopelex 0.5% ~ 2%;
C: surplus is water.
2. according to claim 1 fertile for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine, it is characterized in that: described active extract adopts water extraction or ethanol to carry, and carries out with 10 ~ 50 grams/100ml mass volume ratio.
3. fertile for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine, it is characterized in that: comprise
A: the active extract 5% ~ 10% of one or both any proportionings in betel nut, pumpkin seeds, active extract relative density is 1.03 ~ 1.07;
B: the active extract 5% ~ 10% of one or more any proportionings in Paris polyphylla, field pennycress, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, kuh-seng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, pomegranate, the Chinese pulsatilla, China tree, rhizoma cibotii, active extract relative density is 1.03 ~ 1.07;
C: Tween 80 1% ~ 5%; The basic sodium sulfonate 0.5% ~ 2% of dodecane;
D: surplus is water.
4. according to claim 3 fertile for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine, it is characterized in that: described active extract adopts water extraction or ethanol to carry, and carries out with 10 ~ 50 grams/100ml mass volume ratio.
5. fertile for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine, it is characterized in that: comprise
A: the dry powder of one or both any proportionings of betel nut, pumpkin seeds or fermentation product: 1% ~ 99%;
B: the dry powder of one or more any proportionings or fermentation product in Paris polyphylla, field pennycress, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, kuh-seng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, pomegranate, the Chinese pulsatilla, China tree, rhizoma cibotii: 1% ~ 99%.
6. fertile for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine, it is characterized in that: comprise
A: pumpkin seeds: the dry powder of betel nut=0.8 ~ 1.2:0.8 ~ 1.2 or fermentation product 5% ~ 20%;
B: the dry powder of one or more any proportionings or fermentation product 1% ~ 15% in Paris polyphylla, field pennycress, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, kuh-seng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, pomegranate, the Chinese pulsatilla, China tree, rhizoma cibotii
C: bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 3% ~ 15%, convention amount auxiliary agent, bacillus subtilis active constituent content 1,000 hundred million gemma/gram;
D: rapeseed cake or peanut cake fertilizer surplus.
7. fertile for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine, it is characterized in that: comprise
A: pumpkin seeds: the dry powder of betel nut=0.8 ~ 1.2:0.8 ~ 1.2 or fermentation product 4% ~ 20%;
B: the dry powder of one or more any proportionings or fermentation product 1% ~ 10% in Paris polyphylla, field pennycress, the achene of Siberian cocklebur, kuh-seng, Radix Glycyrrhizae, pomegranate, the Chinese pulsatilla, China tree, rhizoma cibotii
C: Avermectin 0.1 ~ 0.4%, convention amount auxiliary agent;
D: rapeseed cake or peanut cake fertilizer surplus.
8. prevent and treat the application process of plant pathogeny line insect medicine fertilizer, it is characterized in that: will be used for preventing and treating plant pathogeny line insect medicine fertilizer dilution 1 ~ 10 times of liquid according to claim 1-4, and after crop field planting, directly fill with root.
9. prevent and treat the application process of plant pathogeny line insect medicine fertilizer, it is characterized in that: is prevented and treated plant pathogeny line insect medicine being used for according to any one of claim 5-7 fertile, spread manuer in holes after crop field planting, ditch spread or spread fertilizer over the fields.
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