CN104855170B - A kind of Brassica campestris L blanket Seedling frame-type method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of Brassica campestris L blanket Seedling frame-type method for culturing seedlings, step is as follows: nursery Farm Planning；Nursery frame makes；Paving soil；Sowing；Water；Shading covers；Rice shoot manages；Transplant；Tear frame open.The Brassica campestris L blanket Seedling frame-type method for culturing seedlings profit of the present invention breaches the conventional thought of nursery in seedling dish before, material relatively low with cost, repeatable utilization makes nursery frame, it is high that solution utilizes standard rice seedling nursing disc to cultivate Brassica campestris L blanket Seedling cost, efficiency is low, the problem that Seedling block is short, thus reduce seedling cost, cultivate length-adjustable Brassica campestris L blanket Seedling.Cultivating Brassica campestris L blanket seedbed soil packing speed soon by this method, seedling taking is convenient, and framework is long for service life, and breeding efficiency improves, and seedling cost is decreased obviously.The blanket Seedling size simultaneously brought out can adjust according to actual needs.

Description

A kind of frame type seedling raising method of rapeseed blanket seedling

technical field

The invention relates to a frame-type seedling raising method for blanket-shaped seedlings of rapeseed, which belongs to the field of agricultural technology.

Background technique

Planting winter rapeseed after rice harvest is the main stubble layout of rapeseed production in the Yangtze River Basin in my country. There are mainly two planting methods: direct seeding and seedling transplanting. Due to the fact that rice stubble is often late in production at present, and the suitable sowing period of rapeseed has passed after the rice is harvested, and it is often difficult to obtain high yields because the growth time before winter is too short to directly sow in the field. Seedling transplanting is an effective way to solve the problem of rice stubble and winter rapeseed stubble shortage. It has been widely used in production and is of great significance to increase the yield of rapeseed in my country. However, the traditional seedling cultivation and transplanting adopts seedbed cultivation and manual seedling transplanting. This method all relies on manual labor, which requires a lot of labor, high labor intensity, and high production costs. It is difficult to adapt to production under the condition that the rural labor force is becoming increasingly tense. Requirements seriously restrict farmers' enthusiasm for planting rapeseed.

The Chinese invention patent with the application number 201210418971.9 discloses a method for cultivating rapeseed blanket-shaped seedlings, using standard rice seedling trays to cultivate rapeseed blanket-shaped seedlings, and then using a slightly modified rice transplanter to quickly plant them, which is high-speed, efficient, and labor-saving. Book. This technology provides a new solution for the mechanized transplanting of rapeseed. The invention adopts standardized seedling trays as support for seedling raising, and the cost of the seedling trays is about 4-7 yuan per tray. If 25 trays are used per mu, the cost of the bare seedling trays is as high as 100-150 yuan per mu, and the input cost is relatively large. At the same time, most of the seedling trays use plastics as raw materials, and their service life is limited. After the seedling trays age, there is a problem of handling the seedling trays, which is easy to cause environmental pollution. The length of the blanket-shaped seedlings cultivated in standardized seedling trays is 58 cm, and the rice transplanter can put in 100-120 cm long seedlings at a time. Increasing the length of blanket-shaped seedlings can reduce the frequency of seedling placement on the one hand to improve planting efficiency, and on the other hand can reduce the phenomenon of uneven picking of seedlings at the junction of two blanket-shaped seedlings.

Reducing the cost of raising seedlings and improving the efficiency and effect of transplanting are the directions that the mechanical transplanting technology of rapeseed blanket seedlings needs to develop at present.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the cost of cultivating rapeseed blanket-shaped seedlings is high and the size of the seedlings is relatively fixed by using standard rice seedling trays, thereby reducing the cost of seedling cultivation and cultivating rapeseed blanket-shaped seedlings with adjustable sizes.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a method for raising seedlings of rape blanket-shaped seedlings, including the following contents:

1. Prepare the seedling site. The nursery field is a flat concrete floor, or a plastic film is laid on a flat farmland. The effect of the plastic film is to prevent the seedling root system from going deep into the ground, causing difficulty in getting seedlings and damage to the root system when getting seedlings.

2. Production of seedling raising frame. Use straight, non-deformable, and reusable materials (such as aluminum alloy, PVC, wood, etc.) to make seedling raising frames. Such materials are firm in texture, light in weight, and can be reused many times, which is conducive to reducing the cost of seedling cultivation. The seedling raising frame is a frame structure with a certain length, width and height built with frame materials. The whole of the seedling raising frame with a certain length, width and height is called a large frame, and the total length and width of the seedling raising frame are not limited. , depending on the frame material and the size of the nursery site. The height of the seedling raising frame is relatively fixed, about 1-5cm. The inside of the seedling raising frame is divided into several continuous small frames as required. Compared with the seedling raising frame (large frame), the division material is required to be relatively thin, the purpose is to occupy less actual seedling area in the large frame, and the space occupied by the division material can be relatively negligible when calculating the seedling area. The length and width of the small frame depend on the length and width of the seedling mechanism of the transplanting machine, and the general width is 20-40cm, and the length is 50-120cm. The height is the same as the large box height. The purpose of using a large frame is to grow a larger area of blanket seedlings at one time, improve the efficiency of bed soil filling and later management efficiency. The purpose of dividing into several small frames is to form several blanket-shaped seedlings suitable for the size requirements of the transplanting machine at one time, which is convenient for seedling raising and transportation.

3. Spread the soil. Put the pre-prepared nutrient soil into the seedling raising frame as the seedling bed soil, and scrape it flat along the upper opening with a wooden ruler. The nutrient soil comes from the previous crop field of non-cruciferous crops, which should be sieved, and the texture is fine and uniform. Rapeseed is a cruciferous crop. In order to prevent the transmission of pathogens, the soil source is required to be the previous non-cruciferous crop field. The purpose of sieving is to remove stones, grass and larger particles in the soil. The purpose of fine and uniform texture is to ensure neat emergence. Compared with filling soil in the rice seedling raising tray, the efficiency of laying soil in the seedling raising frame as a whole can be increased by 5-10 times.

4. Sowing. Sow rape seeds evenly in the seedling raising frame according to the required density. After sowing, cover the seeds with bed soil, with a thickness of 1-5 mm and an even thickness. If the thickness of the cover is too thin, the moisture conservation effect will not be good, and if it is too thick, the seed emergence rate will be affected.

5. Watering. Moisten the bed soil with a light stream of water. Too much water can easily wash the seeds out.

6. Shade coverage. Cover the seedling raising frame with a layer of plastic film to keep warm and keep moisture. Note that the film cannot be in contact with the bed soil. After the film is in contact with the bed soil, it will be adsorbed on the surface of the bed soil by water, causing this part of the seeds not to emerge due to lack of oxygen. Cover the film with a layer of straw curtains to shade and darken. Remove the mulch after emergence.

7. Management of seedling stage. Before the one-leaf stage, the seedlings should be covered in rainy days to prevent rainwater from washing the seedlings. Supplement water and fertilizer according to the situation during seedling raising. When the surface of the bed soil turns white, it is necessary to add water, and the water must be poured thoroughly. When the leaves fall yellow, it is necessary to supplement the fertilizer. Apply fertilizer once a week before transplanting, the purpose is to promote the seedlings to be planted in the field, and the fertilizer efficiency will be on the roots in time, so as to speed up the speed of rapid growth. The day before transplanting, pour enough root-fixing water in order to increase the amount of soil on the roots when transplanting, and improve the survival rate and survival speed of the seedlings.

8. Take the seedlings. The seedlings can be transplanted after the seedlings grow to the 4-5 leaf stage. When picking up the seedlings, lift the seedling raising frame as a whole and remove it, leave the seedlings on the ground, and then carefully pick up the seedlings and load them into the truck. It is very convenient to get the seedlings in such a method, which is 3-5 times faster than getting the seedlings from the seedling tray.

9. Disassemble the frame. After the seedling cultivation is completed, carefully disassemble and clean the seedling raising frame, and keep it properly for the next seedling raising.

Beneficial effect:

The frame-type seedling raising method of rapeseed blanket-shaped seedlings of the present invention breaks through the traditional idea of raising seedlings in seedling trays in the past, uses low-cost and reusable materials to make seedling raising frames, and solves the problem of using standard rice seedling raising trays to cultivate blanket-shaped rapeseed seedlings The cost is high, the efficiency is low, and the problem of fixed seedling size. Compared with raising seedlings in rice seedling trays, the filling speed of rapeseed blanket seedbed soil can be increased by 5-10 times by using this method, the seedlings are easy to take, the frame has a long service life, the seedling raising efficiency is improved, and the total seedling cost can be reduced by 1/5- 1/4. At the same time, the size of the blanket seedlings bred can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the efficiency of mechanical transplanting can be further improved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: Schematic diagram of the structure of the seedling raising frame of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

Embodiment one

The concrete steps of a kind of rape blanket seedling frame type seedling raising method of the present embodiment are as follows:

1. Preparation of the nursery site: The nursery site is a flat concrete floor.

2, seedling raising frame making: be 280.9cm long, be 116cm wide frame with the aluminum alloy profile that width is 2cm, thickness is 2.5cm. Saw a groove with a width of 1mm every 28cm on the two frames, insert an aluminum alloy partition with a thickness of 1mm, and divide the large frame into 10 small frames with a length of 116cm and a width of 28cm.

3. Spread the soil: Spread multiple seedling raising frames on the concrete floor, leaving aisles on both sides. Put the pre-prepared nutrient soil into the seedling raising frame as the seedling bed soil, and scrape it flat along the upper opening with a wooden ruler.

4. Sowing: Sow rape seeds evenly in the seedling raising frame according to the required density. After sowing, cover the seeds with bed soil, the thickness of the cover is 2mm, and the thickness is uniform.

5. Watering: Water the bed soil thoroughly with a small stream of water.

6. Shading cover: Cover the seedling raising frame with a layer of plastic film to keep warm, and pay attention that the film cannot contact with the bed soil. Cover the film with another layer of grass shade. Remove the mulch after emergence.

7. Seedling management: Before the first leaf stage, the seedlings should be covered in rainy days to prevent rainwater from washing the seedlings. Supplement water and fertilizer according to the situation during seedling raising. When the surface of the bed soil turns white, it is necessary to add water, and the water must be poured thoroughly. When the leaves turn yellow, add fertilizer. Apply fertilizer once a week before transplanting, and pour enough root-fixing water the day before transplanting.

8. Take seedlings: Seedlings can be taken and transplanted after the seedlings grow to the 4-5 leaf stage. When picking up the seedlings, lift the seedling raising frame as a whole and remove it, leave the seedlings on the ground, and then carefully pick up the seedlings and load them into the truck.

9. Dismantling the frame: After the seedling cultivation is completed, carefully disassemble and clean the seedling raising frame, and keep it properly for the next seedling raising.

Embodiment two

The concrete steps of a kind of rapeseed blanket seedling frame type seedling raising method of the present embodiment are as follows:

1. Preparation of the nursery site: the nursery site is a flat field surface, covered with a layer of plastic film;

2. Make the seedling raising frame: use a width of 5 cm and a thickness of 3 cm to make a PVC profile with a length of 280.9 cm and a width of 205 cm in a large frame; 100cm hatchback; cut a groove with a width of 1mm every 28cm on the frame of the hatchback, insert a partition with a thickness of 1mm, and divide the large frame into 20 small frames with a length of 100cm and a width of 28cm;

3. Soil spreading: Lay multiple seedling raising frames on the cement floor, leaving aisles on both sides; put pre-prepared nutrient soil into the seedling raising frame as the seedling bed soil, and scrape it flat along the upper opening with a wooden ruler;

4. Sowing: Sow rape seeds evenly in the seedling raising frame according to the required density; after sowing, cover the seeds with bed soil, the thickness of the cover is 2 mm, and the thickness is uniform;

5. Watering: water the bed soil thoroughly with a small stream of water;

6. Shading coverage: Cover the seedling raising frame with a layer of plastic film to keep warm, pay attention that the film cannot contact with the bed soil; cover the film with a layer of straw curtains for shading; remove the covering after emergence;

7. Seedling management: Before the first leaf stage, the seedlings should be covered in rainy days to prevent rainwater from washing the seedlings. Supplement water and fertilizer according to the situation during seedling raising. When the surface of the bed soil turns white, it is necessary to add water, and the water must be poured thoroughly. When the leaves turn yellow, add fertilizer. Apply fertilizer once a week before transplanting, and pour enough root-fixing water the day before transplanting;

8. Take seedlings: After the seedlings grow to the 4-5 leaf stage, the seedlings can be taken and transplanted; when taking the seedlings, first lift the seedling raising frame as a whole and remove them, leave the seedlings on the ground, and then carefully pick up the seedlings and load them into the truck;

9. Dismantling the frame: After the seedling cultivation is completed, carefully disassemble and clean the seedling raising frame, and keep it properly for the next seedling raising.

Embodiment three

The concrete steps of a kind of rape blanket seedling frame type seedling raising method of the present embodiment are as follows:

1. Preparation of the nursery site: the nursery site is a flat concrete floor;

2. Production of the seedling raising frame: The frame material is an aluminum alloy sheet with a width of 2.5cm and a thickness of 1mm; two sides of the sheets with a length of 290.9cm are respectively opened with a groove of 1.25cm deep at intervals of 28cm. 11 grooves, leaving 5cm blank at both ends; cut 11 thin slices with a length of 59cm, and open a groove with a depth of 1.25cm at a distance of 5mm from both ends; stand the notches of the two long slices upward on the ground, and place the 11 short slices The notch is snapped into the long slice downwards respectively, and the notch and the notch are locked together; 10 long and 58cm wide, 28cm wide and 2.5cm seedling raising frames have been made in this way;

3. Soil spreading: Lay multiple seedling raising frames on the cement floor, leaving aisles on both sides; put pre-prepared nutrient soil into the seedling raising frame as the seedling bed soil, and scrape it flat along the upper opening with a wooden ruler;

4. Sowing: Sow rape seeds evenly in the seedling raising frame according to the required density; after sowing, cover the seeds with bed soil, the thickness of the cover is 2 mm, and the thickness is uniform;

5. Watering: water the bed soil thoroughly with a small stream of water;

6. Shading coverage: Cover the seedling raising frame with a layer of plastic film to keep warm, pay attention that the film cannot contact with the bed soil; cover the film with a layer of straw curtains for shading; remove the covering after emergence;

7. Seedling management: Before the first leaf stage, the seedlings should be covered in rainy days to prevent rainwater from washing the seedlings. Supplement water and fertilizer according to the situation during seedling raising. When the surface of the bed soil turns white, it is necessary to add water, and the water must be poured thoroughly. When the leaves fall yellow, it is necessary to supplement the fertilizer. Apply fertilizer once a week before transplanting, and pour enough root-fixing water the day before transplanting;

8. Take seedlings: After the seedlings grow to the 4-5 leaf stage, you can take the seedlings and transplant them; apply the fertilizer once a week before transplanting, and pour the root water once the day before; Leave it on the ground, then carefully pick up the seedlings and load them into the truck;

9. Dismantling the frame: After the seedling cultivation is completed, carefully disassemble and clean the seedling raising frame, and keep it properly for the next seedling raising;

The blanket-shaped seedbed soil for cultivating rape by the method has fast filling speed, convenient seedling picking, long service life of the frame, improved seedling raising efficiency, and obviously reduced seedling raising cost. The size of the blanket seedlings bred at the same time can be adjusted according to actual needs.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any skilled person who is familiar with the profession, without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the present invention, Any simple modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made in the above embodiments still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a Brassica campestris L blanket Seedling frame-type method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that: step is as follows:

(1) nursery Farm Planning；

(2) nursery frame makes: described nursery frame is the frame structure having certain length built with frame material processed, the biggest frame；The overall length of the biggest frame of nursery frame and beam overall are depending on frame material processed and nursery place size, and described nursery frame frame material is divided into several little frames, and the length and width of little frame is depending on the Zhuan Miao mechanism length and width of transplanting machine；

(3) paving soil: the prior Nutrition Soil through preparation of loading is as seedling bed earth in nursery frame, strikes off along suitable for reading with wooden rule, and Nutrition Soil derives from the front stubble non-cruciferae crop field block sieved；

(4) sowing: planting density as required is sown into Semen Brassicae campestris in nursery frame equably, after planting by bed earth mulch kind, thickness is uniform, and the thickness of lid kind is 1-5mm, and thickness is uniform；

(5) water: with tiny current, bed soil is watered moistening；

(6) shading covers；

(7) seeding stage management: optionally keep the skin wet and fertilizer during nursery；

(8) seedling taking: transplant；Tear frame open: after nursery completes, carefully nursery frame is disassembled cleaning, properly preserve nursery next time and use again；Described transplanting is: rice shoot length can be transplanted to 4-5 leaf after date, transplants to execute once to send the last week and transfers fertilizer, transplants to water the previous day and once determines root water, is first lifted by nursery frame, by rice shoot stand-down, then rice shoot has carefully been carried entrucking during seedling taking.

2. the Brassica campestris L blanket Seedling frame-type method for culturing seedlings as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described nursery place nursery is smooth concrete floor, or spreads plastic sheeting on smooth farmland.

3. the Brassica campestris L blanket Seedling frame-type method for culturing seedlings as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: with material making nursery frame that is straight and that be unlikely to deform, can be used repeatedly.

4. the Brassica campestris L blanket Seedling frame-type method for culturing seedlings as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: make nursery frame with aluminium alloy, PVC or timber.

5. the Brassica campestris L blanket Seedling frame-type method for culturing seedlings as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the height of nursery frame is 1-5cm, and it is thinner than the frame material processed built big frame and used to be divided into the frame material processed of little frame.

6. the Brassica campestris L blanket Seedling frame-type method for culturing seedlings as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: little frame a width of

20-40cm, a length of 50-120cm, height is identical with big frame.

7. the Brassica campestris L blanket Seedling frame-type method for culturing seedlings as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the little frame that described little frame is continuous print, area is identical.

8. the Brassica campestris L blanket Seedling frame-type method for culturing seedlings as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described shading is covered as: on nursery frame, cover layer of plastic film insulation, notice that thin film can not contact with bed soil, thin film covers one layer of straw screen or mat shading again, dismantles after emerging.