CN104853724B - 锌氨基酸卤化物漱口剂 - Google Patents
锌氨基酸卤化物漱口剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104853724B CN104853724B CN201280077883.5A CN201280077883A CN104853724B CN 104853724 B CN104853724 B CN 104853724B CN 201280077883 A CN201280077883 A CN 201280077883A CN 104853724 B CN104853724 B CN 104853724B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- collutory
- amino acid
- acid
- lysine
- Prior art date
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims description 130
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 111
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 105
- -1 amino-acids halide Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 78
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 210000004268 dentin Anatomy 0.000 claims description 35
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 208000002064 Dental Plaque Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 208000007565 gingivitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HFFROHHGHGDACO-JEDNCBNOSA-N [Zn].NCCCC[C@H](N)C(Cl)=O Chemical compound [Zn].NCCCC[C@H](N)C(Cl)=O HFFROHHGHGDACO-JEDNCBNOSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cocamidopropyl betaine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940073507 cocamidopropyl betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000005581 enamel erosion Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 170
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 108
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 101
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 30
- 229960003646 lysine Drugs 0.000 description 27
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 27
- 235000018977 lysine Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 17
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 16
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 14
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 14
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229960003121 arginine Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 235000009697 arginine Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229940091249 fluoride supplement Drugs 0.000 description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Natural products CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- BVHLGVCQOALMSV-JEDNCBNOSA-N L-lysine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O BVHLGVCQOALMSV-JEDNCBNOSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000551 dentifrice Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 10
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 7
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960002885 histidine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000014304 histidine Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229960005337 lysine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- AAQVSSUWJKCMTP-XRIGFGBMSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;zinc;hydrochloride Chemical group Cl.[Zn].NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O AAQVSSUWJKCMTP-XRIGFGBMSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 208000006558 Dental Calculus Diseases 0.000 description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical group O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000414 obstructive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229960001939 zinc chloride Drugs 0.000 description 5
- UOXSXMSTSYWNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-aminoacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].NCC([O-])=O.NCC([O-])=O UOXSXMSTSYWNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- INVGWHRKADIJHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sanguinarin Chemical compound C1=C2OCOC2=CC2=C3[N+](C)=CC4=C(OCO5)C5=CC=C4C3=CC=C21 INVGWHRKADIJHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triclosan Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 4
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- DWNBOPVKNPVNQG-LURJTMIESA-N (2s)-4-hydroxy-2-(propylamino)butanoic acid Chemical compound CCCN[C@H](C(O)=O)CCO DWNBOPVKNPVNQG-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 3
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XGRSAFKZAGGXJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-3-cyclohexylpropanoate Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(N)C1CCCCC1 XGRSAFKZAGGXJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
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- DDKJKQVNNATMAD-JEDNCBNOSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O DDKJKQVNNATMAD-JEDNCBNOSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZIRURAJAJIQZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopropane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCC(N)S(O)(=O)=O ZIRURAJAJIQZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本文公开了包含锌离子源和氨基酸的络合物的漱口剂。也提供制备和使用所述组合物的方法。
Description
背景
牙侵蚀涉及因非细菌来源的酸攻击所致的牙结构的去矿化和损伤。侵蚀最初是在牙釉质中发现,如果未加抑制的话,可能发展到下面的牙本质。以下可引起或恶化牙侵蚀:酸性食物和饮料,暴露给含氯的泳池水,和胃酸反流。牙釉质是带负电荷的表面,其自然倾向于吸引带正电荷的离子例如氢离子和钙离子,而抵抗带负电荷的离子例如氟离子。根据周围唾液的相对pH,牙釉质将丢失或获得带正电荷的离子例如钙离子。通常唾液的pH介于7.2至7.4。当pH降低和氢离子浓度变得相对高时,氢离子将置换牙釉质中的钙离子,形成磷酸氢(hydrogen phosphate)(磷酸),其破坏牙釉质和产生多孔的海绵状粗糙表面。如果唾液在延长的时间周期内保持酸性,则再矿化可能不会发生,牙齿将持续丢失矿物质,导致牙齿减损,最终失去结构。
牙本质过敏是响应暴露的牙本质的热量(热或冷)渗透、热量触觉组合、渗透和触觉刺激等牙质表面的物理刺激的急性局部牙痛。牙本质暴露(其通常是因为牙龈退缩或牙釉质损失所致)通常导致过敏。向表面开放的牙本质小管与牙本质过敏具有高度相关性。牙本质小管从牙髓通向牙骨质。当牙根的表面牙骨质被侵蚀时,牙本质小管就暴露给外部环境。暴露的牙本质小管提供了将流体流传递到牙髓神经的途径,这样的传递是由温度、压力和离子梯度的变化所致。
重金属离子,例如锌,抵抗酸攻击。在电化序中,锌排在氢之上,所以金属锌在酸性溶液中将会反应,随着锌通过溶液,形成二价阳离子Zn2+,释放氢气。在牙斑和龋齿研究中已经证明锌具有抗菌性质。
可溶性锌盐,例如柠檬酸锌,已被用于洁齿组合物,参见例如美国专利号6,121,315,但具有若干劣势。溶液中的锌离子具有令人不快的涩口感,所以提供有效水平的锌、且也具有可接受的感官性质的配方难以实现。最终,锌离子将会与阴离子型表面活性剂例如月桂基硫酸钠反应,因此干扰了起泡和清洁。另一方面,氧化锌和不溶性锌盐,因其不溶性而可能不利于将锌递送到牙齿。
尽管现有技术公开了各种口腔组合物在治疗牙本质过敏、龋齿、和牙釉质侵蚀和去矿化中的用途,但仍然需要在这类治疗中提供改进的性能的额外的组合物和方法。
概述
现已发现锌离子可以与氨基酸形成可溶性络合物。包含锌和氨基酸和任选阴离子和/或氧的络合物,形成可溶性阳离子部分,其反过来又可与卤化物或其它阴离子形成盐。当放入配方中时,该络合物给牙釉质提供有效浓度的锌离子,从而保护其免遭侵蚀,减少细菌定植和生物膜的发展,并为牙齿提供增强的光泽。此外,在使用后,所述配方提供可阻塞牙本质小管的沉淀,从而降低牙齿的敏感性。尽管与含有不溶性锌盐的配方相比而言提供锌的有效递送,但是,包含锌-氨基酸络合物的配方并不表现出与常规的使用可溶性锌盐的基于锌的口腔护理产品相关的不良味道和口感,不良的氟化物递送,和不良的起泡和清洁。
在一个具体的实施方案中,所述锌-氨基酸络合物是锌-赖氨酸-HCl络合物,例如称为ZLC的新的络合物,其可以由氧化锌和赖氨酸盐酸盐的混合物形成。ZLC具有化学结构[Zn(C6H14N2O2)2Cl]+ Cl-,并且可以存在于阳离子型阳离子([Zn(C6H14N2O2)2Cl]+)和氯化物阴离子的溶液中,或者可以是固体盐,例如晶体,任选以一水合物或二水合物形式。
本发明因此提供口腔护理组合物,例如漱口剂、口腔凝胶或洁齿组合物,所述口腔护理组合物包含锌-氨基酸络合物,例如,锌–赖氨酸–氯化物络合物,例如,ZLC。所述组合物可以任选地进一步包含氟化物源和/或额外磷酸盐源。所述组合物可以配制在合适的口腔护理配方中,例如常规洁齿剂、口腔凝胶或漱口剂基质,例如包含一种或多种的研磨剂、表面活性剂、起泡剂、维生素、聚合物、酶、润湿剂、增稠剂、抗菌剂、防腐剂、调味剂、和/或着色剂。
在具体的实施方案中,本发明提供漱口剂,其包含锌-氨基酸络合物例如锌–赖氨酸–氯化物络合物,例如,ZLC。
本发明还提供使用本发明的组合物以减少和抑制牙釉质的酸侵蚀,清洁牙齿,减少细菌产生的生物膜和牙斑,减少牙龈炎,抑制龋齿和龋洞形成,和减少牙本质过敏的方法;所述方法包括将本发明的组合物施用到牙齿。
本发明还提供制备本发明的组合物的方法,包括在水溶液中混合锌离子源(例如,ZnO)、氨基酸(例如,碱性氨基酸,例如,精氨酸或赖氨酸),和任选卤化物源,例如混合氧化锌和赖氨酸盐酸盐,例如Zn:氨基酸的摩尔比为1:1至1:3,例如,1:2,并且如果存在,Zn:卤化物为1:1至1:3,例如,1:2;任选地分离所述离子络合物因此形成固体;和与漱口剂基质混合。
根据以下提供的详述,本发明的进一步的适用性领域将会是显而易见的。应当理解,详述和具体实施例,尽管指出本发明的优选实施方案,但仅意图用于说明的目的而无意限制本发明的范围。
发明详述
以下优选实施方案的描述仅仅是示例性质而无意限制本发明、其应用或用途。
本发明因此在第一实施方案中提供漱口剂(组合物1),其包含与氨基酸络合的锌;
例如,
1.1. 组合物1,其中所述氨基酸选自游离或口腔可接受的酸加成盐形式例如盐酸盐形式的赖氨酸、甘氨酸和精氨酸。
1.2. 组合物1或1.1,其中所述氨基酸是游离或口腔可接受的盐形式的碱性氨基酸,例如,精氨酸或赖氨酸。
1.3. 任何前述组合物,其进一步包含与锌和氨基酸以离子缔合的卤化物。
1.4. 任何前述组合物,其中Zn:氨基酸的摩尔比为3:1至1:5,例如,约1:2,并且如果存在,Zn:卤化物的摩尔比为3:1至1:3,例如,约1:2。
1.5. 任何前述组合物,其中在所述组合物施用后,在原位完整或部分地形成所述锌–氨基酸络合物。
1.6. 任何前述组合物,其中在所述组合物配制后,在原位完整或部分地形成所述锌–氨基酸络合物。
1.7. 任何前述组合物,其中所述氨基酸是赖氨酸。
1.8. 任何前述组合物,其中锌的存在量为所述组合物重量的0.05至10%,任选为所述组合物重量的至少0.1、至少0.2、至少0.3、至少0.4、至少0.5、至少1、至少2、至少3,或至少4直至10%,例如,约1-3重量%,例如,约2-2.7重量%。
1.9. 任何前述组合物,其中氨基酸的存在量为所述组合物重量的0.05至30%,任选地至少0.1、至少0.2、至少0.3、至少0.4、至少0.5、至少1、至少2、至少3、至少4、至少5、至少10、至少15、至少20直至30重量%,例如,约1-10重量%。
1.10. 任何前述组合物,其中锌与氨基酸的摩尔比为2:1至1:4,任选地1:1至1:4、1:2至1:4、1:3至1:4、2:1至1:3、2:1至1:2、或2:1至1:1,例如,约1:2或1:3。
1.11. 任何前述组合物,其包含与锌和氨基酸以离子缔合的卤化物,其中所述卤化物选自氟、氯、及其混合物。
1.12. 任何前述组合物,其中所述锌氨基酸络合物是锌赖氨酸氯化物络合物(例如,(ZnLys2 Cl)+Cl-或(ZnLys3)2+Cl2)或锌精氨酸氯化物络合物。
1.13. 任何前述组合物,其中所述锌氨基酸络合物是锌赖氨酸氯化物络合物,例如,ZLC,例如,化学结构为[Zn(C6H14N2O2)2Cl]+ Cl-的锌赖氨酸氯化物络合物,或在阳离子型阳离子(例如,[Zn(C6H14N2O2)2Cl]+)和氯化物阴离子的溶液中,或以固体盐形式,例如,晶体形式,任选以一水合物或二水合物形式。
1.14. 任何前述组合物,其在配方中基本上澄清,但当稀释时变浑浊。
1.15. 任何前述组合物,其中所述锌–氨基酸络合物以有效量存在,例如其量为锌重量的0.1-4%,例如,锌重量的约0.1-1%。
1.16. 任何前述组合物,其进一步包含有效量的氟离子源,例如,提供50至3000ppm氟化物。
1.17. 任何前述组合物,其进一步包含有效量的氟化物,例如,其中所述氟化物是选自以下的盐:氟化亚锡、氟化钠、氟化钾、单氟磷酸钠、氟硅酸钠、氟硅酸铵、氟化胺(例如,N'-十八烷基三亚甲基二胺-N,N,N'-三(2-乙醇)-二氢氟化物)、氟化铵、氟化钛、六氟硫酸盐、及其组合。
1.18. 任何前述组合物,其包含有效量的一种或多种碱性磷酸盐,例如,钠、钾或钙盐,例如,选自碱性二碱式磷酸盐和碱性焦磷酸盐,例如,选自磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸钙二水合物、焦磷酸钙、焦磷酸四钠、焦磷酸四钾、三聚磷酸钠、和它们的任何两种或更多种的混合物的碱性磷酸盐,例如,其量占所述组合物重量的1-20%,例如,2-8%,例如,约5%。
1.19. 任何前述组合物,其包含缓冲剂,例如,磷酸钠缓冲剂(例如,磷酸二氢钠和磷酸氢二钠)。
1.20. 任何前述组合物,其包含润湿剂,例如,选自甘油、山梨醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、木糖醇、及其混合物,例如包含至少20%,例如,20-40%,例如,25-35%甘油。
1.21. 任何前述组合物,其包含一种或多种表面活性剂,例如,选自阴离子、阳离子、两性离子和非离子型表面活性剂及其混合物,例如,包含阴离子型表面活性剂,例如,选自月桂基硫酸钠、月桂基醚硫酸钠、及其混合物的表面活性剂,例如其量为约0.3%至约4.5重量%,例如1-2%月桂基硫酸钠(SLS);和/或两性离子型表面活性剂,例如甜菜碱表面活性剂,例如椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱,例如其量为约0.1%至约4.5重量%,例如,0.5-2%椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱。
1.22. 任何前述组合物,其进一步包含粘度调节量的一种或多种的多糖树胶,例如黄原胶或角叉菜胶、二氧化硅增稠剂、及其组合。
1.23. 任何前述组合物,其进一步包含调味剂、香料和/或着色剂。
1.24. 任何前述组合物,其包含有效量的一种或多种抗菌剂,例如包含选自以下的抗菌剂:卤化二苯基醚(例如三氯生)、草药提取物和精油(例如,迷迭香提取物、茶提取物、木兰提取物、百里香酚、薄荷醇、桉油醇、香叶醇、香芹酚、柠檬醛、日柏酚、儿茶酚、水杨酸甲酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶精、没食子酸、miswak提取物、沙棘提取物)、双胍(bisguanide)杀菌剂(例如,氯己定、阿来西定或奥替尼啶)、季铵化合物(例如,氯化十六烷吡啶(CPC)、苯扎氯铵、氯化十四烷吡啶(TPC)、N-十四烷基-4-乙基氯化吡啶(TDEPC))、酚类防腐剂、海克替啶、奥替尼啶、血根碱、聚维酮碘、地莫匹醇、salifluor、金属离子(例如,锌盐,例如,柠檬酸锌,锡盐,铜盐,铁盐)、血根碱、蜂巢蜡胶和氧化剂(例如,过氧化氢、缓冲过氧硼酸钠或过氧碳酸钠)、苯二甲酸及其盐、单过氧邻苯二甲酸及其盐和酯、抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯、油酰肌氨酸、烷基硫酸酯、磺基琥珀酸二辛酯、水杨苯胺、溴化度灭芬、地莫匹醇、辛哌醇以及其它哌啶子基衍生物、烟酸(nicin)制备物、亚氯酸盐;以及任意前述物质的混合物;例如,包含三氯生或氯化十六烷吡啶。
1.25. 任何前述组合物,其包含抗菌有效量的三氯生,例如,0.1-0.5%,例如,约0.3%。
1.26. 任何前述组合物,其进一步包含增白剂,例如,选自过氧化物、金属亚氯酸盐、过硼酸盐、过碳酸盐、过氧酸、次氯酸盐及其组合。
1.27. 任何前述组合物,其进一步包含过氧化氢或过氧化氢源,例如,过氧化脲或过氧化物盐或络合物(例如,过氧磷酸盐、过氧碳酸盐、过硼酸盐、过氧硅酸盐或过硫酸盐;例如过氧磷酸钙、过硼酸钠、碳酸钠过氧化物、过氧磷酸钠以及过硫酸钾);
1.28. 任何前述组合物,其进一步包含干扰或阻止细菌附着的试剂,例如,对羟基苯甲酸酯(solbrol)或壳聚糖。
1.29. 任何前述组合物,其进一步包含钙和磷酸盐源,其选自(i)钙-玻璃络合物,例如,磷硅酸钙钠,和(ii)钙-蛋白络合物,例如,酪蛋白磷酸肽-无定形磷酸钙。
1.30. 任何前述组合物,其进一步包含可溶性钙盐,例如,选自硫酸钙、氯化钙、硝酸钙、醋酸钙、乳酸钙及其组合。
1.31. 任何前述组合物,其进一步包含生理上或口腔可接受的钾盐,例如,硝酸钾或氯化钾,其量有效减少牙本质敏感性。
1.32. 任何前述组合物,其进一步包含阴离子聚合物,例如,合成的阴离子聚合聚羧酸酯,例如,其中所述阴离子聚合物选自顺丁烯二酸酐或酸与另一可聚合的烯属不饱和单体的1:4至4:1共聚物;例如,其中所述阴离子聚合物是平均分子量(M.W.)为约30,000至约1,000,000,例如约300,000至约800,000的甲基乙烯基醚/顺丁烯二酸酐(PVM/MA)共聚物,例如,其中所述阴离子聚合物占所述组合物重量的约1-5%,例如,约2%。
1.33. 任何前述组合物,其进一步包含口气清新剂、香料或调味剂。
1.34. 任何前述组合物,其中所述组合物的pH约为中性,例如,pH 6至pH 8,例如,约pH 7。
1.35. 任何前述组合物,其中所述氨基酸是赖氨酸并且锌和赖氨酸形成化学结构为[Zn(C6H14N2O2)2Cl]+ Cl-的锌-赖氨酸-氯化物络合物,其量提供0.5–2%,例如,约1重量%的锌;所述组合物进一步包含润湿剂,例如,山梨醇、丙二醇及其混合物,例如,其量为10-25%,例如,约15-20%;非离子型表面活性剂,例如,泊洛沙姆,例如,其量为0.1-1%;和甜味剂、调味剂、和水;例如,包含以下的漱口剂:
成分 | % |
山梨醇 | 3-7%,例如,约4% |
ZLC | 以提供0.5-2%Zn,例如约1% Zn |
丙二醇 | 5-10%,例如,约7% |
泊洛沙姆,例如,泊洛沙姆407 | 0.1-1%,例如,约0.4% |
甘油 | 5-10%,例如,约7.5% |
调味剂和/或甜味剂 | 0.01-1% |
去离子水 | 70-85%,例如,约80% |
1.36. 任何前述组合物,其用于减少和抑制牙釉质的酸侵蚀,清洁牙齿,减少细菌产生的生物膜和牙斑,减少牙龈炎,抑制龋齿和龋洞形成,和减少牙本质过敏。
本发明还提供用于减少和抑制牙釉质的酸侵蚀,清洁牙齿,减少细菌产生的生物膜和牙斑,减少牙龈炎,抑制龋齿和龋洞形成,和减少牙本质过敏的方法;所述方法包括将有效量的本发明的组合物,例如任何组合物1及其下列组合物施用到牙齿。
例如,本发明提供用于减少和抑制牙釉质的酸侵蚀,清洁牙齿,减少细菌产生的生物膜和牙斑,减少牙龈炎,抑制龋齿和龋洞形成,和减少牙本质过敏的方法;所述方法包括将有效量的本发明的组合物,例如任何组合物1及其下列组合物施用到牙齿,随后用足以触发氧化锌从所述组合物中沉淀的水或水溶液清洗。
本发明还提供制备包含锌氨基酸络合物例如任何组合物1及其下列组合物的口腔护理组合物的方法,所述方法包括在水性介质中混合锌离子源和游离或盐形式的氨基酸(例如,混合氧化锌与赖氨酸盐酸盐);任选地分离由此形成的固体盐形式的络合物;和将所述络合物与漱口剂基质混合。
例如,在不同实施方案中,本发明提供方法,用于(i) 减少牙齿过敏,(ii) 减少牙斑积累,(iii) 减少或抑制去矿化和促进牙齿的再矿化,(iv) 抑制口腔中微生物生物膜形成,(v) 减少或抑制牙龈炎,(vi) 促进口部溃疡或伤口的愈合,(vii) 降低产酸菌的水平,(viii) 提高非致龋的和/或非牙斑形成的细菌的相对水平,(ix) 减少或抑制龋齿形成,(x), 减少、修复或抑制牙釉质的龋齿前损伤,例如,由定量光诱导荧光(QLF)或电龋齿测定(electrical caries measurement, ECM)测得,(xi) 治疗、缓解或减少口干,(xii) 清洁牙齿和口腔,(xiii) 减少侵蚀,(xiv) 增白牙齿;(xv) 减少牙石积累,和/或(xvi) 促进全身健康,包括心血管健康,例如,通过降低经由口腔组织的全身感染的可能性;所述方法包括将如上所述的任何组合物1及其下列组合物施用到有需要的人的口腔,例如每天一次或多次。本发明还提供组合物1及其下列组合物,用于任何这些方法。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供包含锌氨基酸卤化物的漱口剂。在某些实施方案中,所述锌氨基酸卤化物由前体形成。在某些实施方案中,所述前体是锌离子源、氨基酸源和卤化物源,其中所述卤化物源可以是所述锌离子源、所述氨基酸源的一部分或氢卤酸。
在某些实施方案中,所述氨基酸选自游离或口腔可接受的酸加成盐形式的赖氨酸、甘氨酸和精氨酸。在某些实施方案中,所述氨基酸是游离或口腔可接受的盐形式的碱性氨基酸。
在某些实施方案中,所述漱口剂包含约0.05%至约4重量%的锌。前述权利要求中任一项的漱口剂,其中锌在所述配方中可溶,但在使用和用唾液稀释和/或清洗后提供锌沉淀。在其它实施方案中,所述锌离子源和所述氨基酸源形成锌赖氨酸氯化物络合物或锌精氨酸氯化物络合物。
在某些实施方案中,所述锌氨基酸络合物是化学结构为[Zn(C6H14N2O2)2Cl]+ Cl-的锌赖氨酸氯化物络合物,或者在阳离子型阳离子(例如,[Zn(C6H14N2O2)2Cl]+)和氯化物阴离子的溶液中,或者是固体盐形式,任选以一水合物或二水合物形式。
一些实施方案进一步包含有效量的氟离子源。
其它实施方案,包含含有选自以下一种或多种成分的口腔可接受的基质:缓冲剂、润湿剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、口气清新剂、调味剂、香料、着色剂、抗菌剂、增白剂、干扰或阻止细菌附着的试剂、钙源、磷酸盐源、口腔可接受的钾盐和阴离子聚合物。
在某些实施方案中,所述漱口剂的pH为pH 4至pH 8。
在其它实施方案中,所述氨基酸是赖氨酸,使得锌和赖氨酸形成化学结构为[Zn(C6H14N2O2)2Cl]+ Cl-的锌-赖氨酸-氯化物络合物,其量提供占所述漱口剂重量的0.5–2%的锌,所述漱口剂进一步包含量为10-25重量%的润湿剂,量为0.1-1重量%的非离子型表面活性剂,和甜味剂、调味剂、和水。
一些实施方案提供漱口剂,用于减少和抑制牙釉质的酸侵蚀,清洁牙齿,减少细菌产生的生物膜和牙斑,减少牙龈炎,抑制龋齿和龋洞形成,和/或减少牙本质过敏。
在某些实施方案中,所述锌氨基酸卤化物与水的重量比为约1:6至约1:1。在某些实施方案中,所述锌氨基酸卤化物与水的重量比为约1:5至约1:2。在某些实施方案中,所述锌氨基酸卤化物与水的重量比为约1:4。
一些实施方案提供锌氨基酸卤化物在制备漱口剂中的用途。其它实施方案提供治疗或减少牙釉质侵蚀,清洁牙齿,减少细菌产生的生物膜和牙斑,减少牙龈炎,抑制龋齿和龋洞形成,和/或减少牙本质过敏的方法,所述方法包括施用本文所述的漱口剂。其它实施方案提供方法,其进一步包括用足够的水或水溶液清洗以触发氧化锌从所述漱口剂中沉淀的步骤。
本发明还提供锌和氨基酸在制备包含锌氨基酸络合物的口腔护理组合物中的用途。
本发明还提供锌氨基酸络合物,例如锌氨基酸卤化物,例如锌-赖氨酸-氯化物络合物的用途,用于减少和抑制牙釉质的酸侵蚀,清洁牙齿,减少细菌产生的生物膜和牙斑,减少牙龈炎,抑制龋齿和龋洞形成,和/或减少牙本质过敏。
不希望受到理论的束缚,认为锌氨基酸卤化物的形成是经由锌卤化物形成而进行,然后氨基酸残基围绕中间的锌而配位。使用ZnO与赖氨酸盐酸盐在水中的反应为例,锌可以与赖氨酸和/或赖氨酸.HCl反应形成Zn-赖氨酸-氯化物络合物(ZnLys3Cl2)的澄清溶液,其中Zn++位于八面体中心,在赤道平面上与分别来自两个赖氨酸的羧酸基和胺基的两个氧和两个氮原子配位。该锌在金属几何结构的顶端位置也经由其氮和羧基氧与第三个赖氨酸配位。
在另一个实施方案中,锌阳离子与两个氨基酸残基和两个氯离子残基配位。例如,当所述氨基酸是赖氨酸时,所述络合物具有式[Zn(C6H14N2O2)2Cl]+Cl-。在该络合物中,Zn阳离子通过与来自NH2基团的两个N原子和来自羧基的O原子在赤道平面上与两个赖氨酸配体配位。它表现出扭曲的四方椎体几何结构,其顶端位置由Cl-原子占据。这种新的结构产生带正电的阳离子部分,Cl-阴离子与该阳离子部分结合形成离子型盐。
锌和氨基酸的其它络合物是可能的,并且其准确形式部分地取决于前体化合物的摩尔比,例如,如果存在有限的卤化物,则可以形成无卤化物的络合物,例如,ZnOLys2,其具有椎体几何结构,其赤道平面与上述化合物相同(Zn与来自不同赖氨酸的两个氧和两个氮原子结合),其中椎体顶端由O原子占据。
络合物和/或额外的络合物结构的混合物(例如涉及基于锌结构的多个锌离子)是可能的并且考虑在本发明的范围内。当所述络合物是固体形式时,它们可以形成晶体,例如呈水合形式。
然而,无论络合物的准确结构如何,在约中性pH时,锌和氨基酸的相互作用将不溶性氧化锌或锌盐转化为高度可溶的络合物。然而,随着在水中稀释度的增加,所述络合物解离,并且锌离子转化为不溶性氧化锌。该动力学是意想不到的–典型地离子型组合物在更高(而非更小)稀释度时更易溶解–并且在施用后,在唾液存在并在清洗时,这促进锌沉淀物沉积到牙齿上。这种沉淀作用堵塞了牙本质小管,从而减少过敏,并且也将锌提供给牙釉质,其减少酸侵蚀、生物膜和牙斑形成。
可以理解,其它氨基酸可以用于替代前述方案中的赖氨酸。也应当理解,尽管锌、氨基酸和任选卤化物可以主要呈前体材料形式或离子型络合物形式,但是可以有某种程度的平衡,使得相比前体形式中的比例,实际在络合物中的材料比例可以不同,这取决于配制的准确条件、材料的浓度、pH、水的存在与否、其它带电荷分子的存在与否,等等。
可以以任何口腔护理配方的形式递送活性物质,所述配方例如牙膏、凝胶、漱口剂、粉剂、乳膏、条、口胶剂(gum)、或本领域已知的任何其它形式。
如果以漱口剂形式递送活性物质,则需要益处的人用储液清洗并且唾液对储液的天然稀释将会启动锌的沉淀。或者,人可以将储液与合适量的水性稀释剂混合,并用所述混合物清洗。
在另一个实施方案中,制备所述混合物并立即移入保留托盘(retaining tray)中,例如用于容纳增白凝胶的那些,并且人可以戴托盘达有效时间周期。与所述混合物接触的牙齿将得以治疗。对于保留托盘的应用,所述混合物可以呈低粘度液体或凝胶的形式。
在另一个实施方案中,将储液、或储液与水的混合物,在凝胶配方中施用到牙齿,例如,其中所述凝胶可以停留在牙齿上达延长的时间周期,用于有效治疗。
在另一个实施方案中,在牙膏中提供活性物质。刷牙后,活性物质被唾液和水稀释,导致沉淀并形成沉积物和阻塞性颗粒。
来自配方的沉淀率可以通过调节储液中的络合物浓度、或改变储液与水的比例而调节。越多稀释的配方导致越快沉淀并因此在需要快速处理时是优选的。
本发明口腔护理组合物的益处众多。通过提供锌离子和可在口腔中释放锌离子的含锌化合物,本发明的口腔护理组合物提供抗微生物、抗牙斑、抗牙龈炎、抗臭、抗龋和抗牙石的益处。阻塞性颗粒和表面沉积物是含锌的化合物(尤其是ZnO),以及其它锌衍生物,其可将锌离子释放到口腔中并提供以上认识到的多种益处。额外的益处包括但不限于抗附着、抗牙周炎和抗骨丢失、以及促进伤口愈合。
第二个益处是锌离子的抗侵蚀特性,其通过氧化和水解而在牙齿表面形成抗侵蚀沉积物。表面沉积物、以及阻塞性颗粒,可以与酸反应并中和之,因此保护牙齿表面不受酸侵蚀的作用。在这一点上。治疗导致的表面沉积物/阻塞越多,治疗越有效,并且因此优选锌-精氨酸和锌-赖氨酸。也注意到,当表面沉积物和阻塞性颗粒使酸中和时,有益的锌离子和氨基酸(下文)可以被释放,提供不同于抗侵蚀的口腔护理益处。
第三个益处是阻塞所致的抗敏感性益处。牙本质小管的阻塞导致敏感性缓解。
第四个益处是氨基酸相关的益处。阻塞性颗粒和表面沉积物含有相应的氨基酸,例如精氨酸和赖氨酸。这些氨基酸提供多重益处。例如,碱性氨基酸导致牙斑的更高pH并可提供抗龋益处。
所述组合物可包括锌氨基酸卤化物和/或其前体。可在原位与水反应形成锌氨基酸卤化物的前体包括(i) 锌和氨基酸氢卤化物,或(ii) 氯化锌和氨基酸,或(iii) 锌离子源、氨基酸、和氢卤酸,或者(iv) (i)、(ii)、和/或(iii)的组合。在一个实施方案中,锌氨基酸卤化物可在室温下通过将前体在溶液例如水中混合而制得。原位形成提供方便的配制。可使用所述前体,而不必首先形成锌氨基酸卤化物。在另一个实施方案中,允许自前体形成锌氨基酸卤化物的水来自唾液和/或清洗水,其在施用后与所述组合物接触。
所述锌氨基酸卤化物是水溶性络合物,其由锌(例如,氯化锌)和氨基酸的卤化物酸加成盐而形成,或自氨基酸(例如,赖氨酸盐酸盐)和锌离子源的卤化物酸加成盐而形成,和/或自氢卤酸、氨基酸和锌离子源的所有三种的组合而形成。
氨基酸的实例包括但不限于普通的天然氨基酸,例如:赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、半胱氨酸、硒基半胱氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯基丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸。在一些实施方案中所述氨基酸是中性或酸性氨基酸,例如,甘氨酸。
如以下实施例所示,当所述络合物由碱性氨基酸形成时,在用水稀释后锌自该络合物中沉淀是最明显的。因此,当需要在稀释后沉淀的情况下,碱性氨基酸可以是优选的。在某些实施方案中,因此,所述氨基酸是碱性氨基酸。“碱性氨基酸”是指天然存在的碱性氨基酸,例如精氨酸、赖氨酸、和组氨酸、以及在分子中具有羧基和氨基的任何碱性氨基酸,其是水溶性的并提供pH约7或更高的水溶液。因此,碱性氨基酸包括但不限于精氨酸、赖氨酸、瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸、肌氨酸、组氨酸、二氨基丁酸、二氨基丙酸、其盐或其组合。在某些实施方案中,所述氨基酸是赖氨酸。在其它实施方案中,所述氨基酸是精氨酸。
所述卤化物可以是氯、溴、或碘,最典型地是氯。氨基酸和氢卤酸(例如,HCl、HBr、或HI)的酸加成盐在本文有时被称为氨基酸氢卤化物。因此氨基酸氢卤化物的一个实例是赖氨酸盐酸盐。另一个是甘氨酸盐酸盐。
用于与氨基酸卤化物或氨基酸(在该情况下任选加上氢卤酸)组合的锌离子源可以是例如,氧化锌或氯化锌。
在某些实施方案中,在所述组合物中的锌氨基酸卤化物的量占所述组合物重量的0.05至30%。在某些实施方案中,前体(例如锌和氨基酸氢卤化物)的存在量使得当与锌氨基酸卤化物混合时,所述锌氨基酸卤化物的存在量将占所述组合物重量的0.05至10%。在这些实施方案的任一个中,所述锌氨基酸卤化物的量可针对所需目的(例如洁齿剂或漱口剂)而变化。在其它实施方案中,所述锌氨基酸卤化物的量占所述组合物重量的至少0.1、至少0.2、至少0.3、至少0.4、至少0.5、至少1、至少2、至少3,或至少4直至10%。在其它实施方案中,所述锌氨基酸卤化物的量占所述组合物重量的小于9、小于8、小于7、小于6、小于5、小于4、小于3、小于2、小于1、小于0.5直至0.05%。在其它实施方案中,所述量占所述组合物重量的0.05至5%、0.05至4%、0.05至3%、0.05至2%、0.1至5%、0.1至4%、0.1至3%、0.1至2%、0.5至5%、0.5至4%、0.5至3%、或0.5至2%。
在某些实施方案中,锌的存在量为所述组合物重量的0.01至10%。在其它实施方案中,锌的量为所述组合物重量的至少0.1、至少0.2、至少0.3、至少0.4、至少0.5、至少1、至少2、至少3,或至少4直至10%。在其它实施方案中,锌的量为所述组合物重量的小于9、小于8、小于7、小于6、小于5、小于4、小于3、小于2、小于1、小于0.5至0.05%。在其它实施方案中,所述量为所述组合物重量的0.05至5%、0.05至4%、0.05至3%、0.05至2%、0.1至5%、0.1至4%、0.1至3%、0.1至2%、0.5至5%、0.5至4%、0.5至3%、或0.5至2%。
在某些实施方案中,氨基酸氢卤化物的存在量为0.05至30重量%。在其它实施方案中,所述量为至少0.1、至少0.2、至少0.3、至少0.4、至少0.5、至少1、至少2、至少3、至少4、至少5、至少10、至少15、至少20直至30重量%。在其它实施方案中,所述量为所述组合物重量的小于30、小于25、小于20、小于15、小于10、小于5、小于4、小于3、小于2、或小于1低至0.05%。
在前体材料存在的情况下,它们优选以产生想要的锌氨基酸卤化物所需的近似摩尔比存在,尽管在某些配方中一种或另一种材料过量可能是有利的,例如,为了针对其它配方组分而平衡pH,为了提供额外抗菌的锌,或为了提供氨基酸缓冲剂。然而,优选地,卤化物的量是有限的,因为限制卤化物水平会稍微促进锌与氨基酸的相互作用。
在某些实施方案中,所述组合物中的锌的总量占所述组合物重量的0.05至8%。在其它实施方案中,锌的总量占所述组合物重量的至少0.1、至少0.2、至少0.3、至少0.4、至少0.5,或至少1直至8%。在其它实施方案中,所述组合物中锌的总量占所述组合物重量的小于5、小于4、小于3、小于2、或小于1至0.05%。
在某些实施方案中,锌与氨基酸的摩尔比为至少2:1。在其它实施方案中,所述摩尔比为至少1:1、至少1:2、至少1:3、至少1:4、2:1至1:4、1:1至1:4、1:2至1:4、1:3至1:4、2:1至1:3、2:1至1:2、2:1至1:1、或1:3。超过1:4,预期锌将会完全溶解。
在某些实施方案中,所述组合物是无水的。无水是指有小于5重量%的水,任选地小于4、小于3、小于2、小于1、小于0.5、小于0.1低至0重量%的水。
当在无水组合物中提供时,前体,例如,TBZC和氨基酸氢卤化物,将不会明显地反应而形成锌氨基酸卤化物。当与足够量的水(其可以是在所述组合物施用期间或施用后以唾液和/或清洗口腔用水的形式)接触时,所述前体就会反应而形成锌氨基酸卤化物,然后在进一步稀释后,将给牙齿提供含锌的沉淀物。
载体代表所述组合物中除锌氨基酸卤化物络合物或其前体之外的所有其它材料。载体的量则是通过加入到所述锌氨基酸卤化物包括任何前体的重量中以达到100%的量。
活性剂: 本发明的组合物可包含保护和增强牙釉质和牙齿结构的强度和完整性和/或减少细菌和相关龋齿和/或牙龈疾病的活性剂,包括锌–氨基酸–卤化物络合物或除了锌–氨基酸–卤化物络合物之外,还包括所述活性剂。本文使用的活性成分的有效浓度将取决于所用的具体试剂和递送系统。可以理解,例如牙膏通常在使用时会被水稀释,而口腔清洗剂则通常不会。因此,牙膏中活性剂的有效浓度通常是口腔清洗剂所需的5-15倍。浓度也将取决于所选的确切的盐或聚合物。例如,当以盐形式提供活性剂时,平衡离子将影响盐的重量,使得如果平衡离子较重,则在终产物中需要更多重量的盐以提供相同浓度的活性离子。精氨酸,如果存在的话,其存在量可以是例如约0.1至约20wt %(表示为游离碱的重量),例如,约1至约10wt% (对于消费者牙膏)或约7至约20wt%(对于专业或处方治疗产品)。氟化物,如果存在的话,其存在量可以是例如约25至约25,000 ppm,例如约750至约2,000 ppm(对于消费者牙膏),或约2,000至约25,000 ppm(对于专业或处方治疗产品)。抗菌剂的量同样是不同的,用于牙膏的量为用于口腔清洗剂的例如约5至约15倍。例如,三氯生牙膏可含有约0.3 wt %三氯生。
氟离子源: 所述口腔护理组合物可进一步包含一种或多种氟离子源,例如,可溶性氟化物盐。在本发明组合物中可采用各种产生氟离子的物质作为可溶性氟化物来源。合适的产生氟离子的物质的实例见于美国专利号3,535,421 (Briner等人);美国专利号4,885,155 (Parran, Jr.等人)和美国专利号3,678,154 (Widder等人)。代表性的氟离子源包括但不限于氟化亚锡、氟化钠、氟化钾、单氟磷酸钠、氟硅酸钠、氟硅酸铵、氟化胺、氟化铵及其组合。在某些实施方案中,氟离子源包括氟化亚锡、氟化钠、单氟磷酸钠及其混合物。在某些实施方案中,本发明的口腔护理组合物也可含有氟离子源或提供氟的成分,其量足以提供约25ppm至约25,000ppm的氟离子,通常至少约500ppm,例如约500至约2000ppm,例如约1000至约1600ppm,例如约1450ppm。氟离子的适当水平将取决于具体应用。一般消费者使用的牙膏典型地具有约1000至约1500ppm,儿童牙膏中的含量略少。专业应用的洁齿剂或涂层(coating)可以具有多达约5,000或甚至约25,000ppm氟化物。可以将氟离子源加入到本发明的组合物中,在一个实施方案中其水平占所述组合物重量的约0.01wt.%至约10wt.%,或在另一个实施方案中占约0.03wt.%至约5wt.%,在另一个实施方案中占约0.1wt.%至约1wt。提供适当氟离子水平的氟化物盐的重量将明显基于该盐中平衡离子的重量而变化。
氨基酸: 在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含氨基酸。在具体的实施方案中,所述氨基酸可以是碱性氨基酸。“碱性氨基酸”是指天然存在的碱性氨基酸,例如精氨酸、赖氨酸、和组氨酸、以及在分子中具有羧基和氨基的任何碱性氨基酸,其是水溶性的并提供pH约7或更高的水溶液。因此,碱性氨基酸包括但不限于精氨酸、赖氨酸、瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸、肌氨酸、组氨酸、二氨基丁酸、二氨基丙酸、其盐或其组合。在具体的实施方案中,所述碱性氨基酸选自精氨酸、瓜氨酸和鸟氨酸。在某些实施方案中,所述碱性氨基酸是精氨酸,例如l-精氨酸或其盐。
在不同实施方案中,所述氨基酸的存在量为所述组合物总重量的约0.5wt.%至约20wt.%,为所述组合物总重量的约0.5wt.%至约10wt.%,例如为所述组合物总重量的约1.5wt.%、约3.75wt.%、约5wt.%、或约7.5wt.% (就洁齿剂而言),或例如约0.5-2wt.%,例如,约1% (就漱口剂而言)。
起泡剂: 本发明口腔护理组合物还可以包含增加刷洗口腔时所产生的泡沫量的试剂。增加泡沫量的试剂的示例性实例包括但不限于聚氧乙烯和某些聚合物(包括但不限于海藻酸盐聚合物)。聚氧乙烯可增加本发明口腔护理载体组分所产生的泡沫量和泡沫厚度。聚氧乙烯通常还称为聚乙二醇(“PEG”)或聚氧化乙烯。适合于本发明的聚氧乙烯的分子量为约200,000至约7,000,000。在一个实施方案中,分子量为约600,000至约2,000,000,在另一个实施方案中,分子量为约800,000至约1,000,000。Polyox®是由Union Carbide生产的高分子量聚氧乙烯的商品名。聚氧乙烯的存在量可以占本发明口腔护理组合物的口腔护理载体组分重量的约1%至约90%,在一个实施方案中为约5%至约50%,在另一个实施方案中为约10%至约20%。当存在时,在口腔护理组合物中的起泡剂的量(即,单剂量)是约0.01至约0.9重量%,约0.05至约0.5重量%,在另一个实施方案中为约0.1至约0.2重量%。
表面活性剂: 可用于本发明的组合物可含有阴离子型表面活性剂,例如:
i. 水溶性的高级脂肪酸单甘油酯单硫酸盐,例如氢化椰子油脂肪酸的单硫酸化单甘油酯的钠盐,如N-甲基N-椰油基牛磺酸钠、椰油单甘油酯硫酸钠,
ii. 高级烷基硫酸盐,例如月桂基硫酸钠,
iii. 高级烷基醚硫酸盐,例如式CH3(CH2)mCH2(OCH2CH2)nOSO3X的高级烷基醚硫酸盐,其中m为6-16,例如10,n为1-6,例如2、3或4,X为Na或K,例如月桂基月桂醇聚醚-2硫酸钠(CH3(CH2)10CH2(OCH2CH2)2OSO3Na)。
iv. 高级烷基芳基磺酸盐,例如十二烷基苯磺酸钠(月桂基苯磺酸钠),
v. 高级烷基磺基乙酸盐,例如月桂基磺基乙酸钠(十二烷基磺基乙酸钠)、1,2二羟基丙磺酸的高级脂肪酸酯、磺基月桂酸酯(sulfocolaurate) (N-2-乙基月桂酸钾磺基乙酰胺)和月桂基肌氨酸钠。
所谓“高级烷基”是指例如C6-30烷基。在具体的实施方案中,阴离子型表面活性剂选自月桂基硫酸钠和月桂基醚硫酸钠。阴离子型表面活性剂可以以有效量存在,例如占配方重量的> 0.01%,但其浓度不会刺激口腔组织,例如小于约10%,且最佳浓度取决于具体的配方和具体的表面活性剂。例如,用于漱口剂的浓度通常是用于牙膏的浓度的十分之一左右。在一个实施方案中,阴离子型表面活性剂在牙膏中以约0.3重量%至约4.5重量%、例如约1.5重量%的浓度存在。本发明的组合物可任选含有包含阴离子型表面活性剂和其他表面活性剂的表面活性剂混合物,所述其他表面活性剂可以是阴离子型表面活性剂、阳离子型表面活性剂,两性离子型表面活性剂或非离子型表面活性剂。一般而言,表面活性剂是那些在宽pH范围内相当稳定的表面活性剂。表面活性剂在例如美国专利号3,959,458(Agricola等人);美国专利号3,937,807 (Haefele);和美国专利号4,051,234 (Gieske等人)中有更充分的描述。在某些实施方案中,可用于本文的阴离子型表面活性剂包括在烷基中具有约10至约18个碳原子的烷基硫酸酯的水溶性盐,和具有约10至约18个碳原子的脂肪酸的磺化单甘油酯的水溶性盐。月桂基硫酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸钠和椰油酸单甘油酯磺酸钠是这类阴离子型表面活性剂的实例。在具体的实施方案中,本发明的组合物,例如,组合物1及其下列组合物,包含月桂基硫酸钠。
表面活性剂或相容的表面活性剂的混合物可以存在于本发明的组合物中,占所述组合物总重量的约0.1%至约5.0%,在另一实施方案中占约0.3%至约3.0%,和在另一实施方案中占约0.5%至约2.0%。
牙石控制剂:在本发明的不同实施方案中,所述组合物包含抗牙石(牙石控制)剂。合适的抗牙石剂包括但不限于磷酸盐和多磷酸盐(例如焦磷酸盐)、聚氨基丙磺酸(AMPS)、六偏磷酸盐、柠檬酸锌三水合物、多肽、聚烯烃磺酸盐、聚烯烃磷酸盐;二膦酸盐。本发明因此可包含磷酸盐。在具体的实施方案中,这些盐是碱性磷酸盐,即碱金属氢氧化物或碱土金属氢氧化物的盐,例如,钠、钾或钙盐。本文使用的“磷酸盐”包括口腔可接受的单磷酸盐和多磷酸盐,例如,P1-6磷酸盐,例如单体磷酸盐例如一碱式、二碱式或三碱式磷酸盐;二聚磷酸盐例如焦磷酸盐;和多聚磷酸盐,例如六偏磷酸钠。在具体的实例中,所选磷酸盐选自碱性二碱式磷酸盐和碱性焦磷酸盐,例如,选自磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸钙二水合物、焦磷酸钙、焦磷酸四钠、焦磷酸四钾、三聚磷酸钠、及它们任何两种或更多种的混合物。在具体的实施方案中,例如所述组合物包含焦磷酸四钠(Na4P2O7)、焦磷酸钙(Ca2P2O7)、和磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4)的混合物,例如,量为约3-4%磷酸氢二钠和约0.2-1%的每种焦磷酸盐。在另一个实施方案中,所述组合物包含焦磷酸四钠(TSPP)和三聚磷酸钠(STPP)(Na5P3O10)的混合物,例如,TSPP的比例为约1-2%和STPP为约7%至约10%。这样的磷酸盐以以下有效量提供:所述量可有效减少牙釉质侵蚀,帮助清洁牙齿,和/或减少牙齿上的牙石积累,例如其量占所述组合物重量的2-20%,例如,约5-15%。
调味剂: 本发明的口腔护理组合物也可包含调味剂。用于本发明的实践的调味剂包括但不限于精油以及各种调味醛、酯、醇和类似材料。所述精油的实例包括留兰香油、薄荷油、冬青油、黄樟油、丁香油、鼠尾草油、桉树油、甘牛至油、肉桂油、柠檬油、酸橙油、葡萄柚油和柑桔油。还有用的是诸如薄荷醇、香芹酮和茴香脑之类的化学品。某些实施方案采用薄荷和留兰香的油。可将调味剂掺入口腔组合物中,其浓度为约0.1至约5重量%,例如约0.5至约1.5重量%。
聚合物: 本发明的口腔护理组合物也可包含调节配方粘度或提高其他成分溶解度的额外聚合物。此类额外聚合物包括聚乙二醇、多糖(例如纤维素衍生物,例如羧甲基纤维素,或多糖树胶,例如黄原胶或角叉菜胶)。酸性聚合物例如聚丙烯酸酯凝胶可以其游离酸或者部分或全部中和的水溶性碱金属(例如钾与钠)或铵盐的形式提供。
可存在二氧化硅增稠剂,其在水性介质中形成聚合结构或凝胶。注意,这些二氧化硅增稠剂在物理上和功能上不同于也存在于所述组合物中的颗粒状二氧化硅研磨剂,因为二氧化硅增稠剂是非常细碎的并且提供极少的或不提供研磨作用。其它增稠剂是羧乙烯基聚合物,角叉菜胶,羟乙基纤维素以及纤维素醚的水溶性盐,例如羧甲基纤维素钠和羧甲基羟乙基纤维素钠。也可以加入天然树胶,例如卡拉胶、阿拉伯胶和西黄蓍胶。胶态硅酸铝镁也可以用作增稠组合物的成分,用于进一步改进组合物质地。在一些实施方案中,使用的增稠剂的量占所述组合物总重量的约0.5至约5.0%。
本发明的组合物可包含阴离子聚合物,例如其量为约0.05至约5%。用于本发明的这类试剂公知用于洁齿剂,尽管并非用于该具体应用,公开于美国专利号5,188,821和5,192,531;并且包括合成的阴离子聚合聚羧酸酯,例如顺丁烯二酸酐或酸与另一可聚合的烯属不饱和单体的1:4至4:1共聚物,优选分子量(M.W.)为约30,000至约1,000,000、最优选约30,000至约800,000的甲基乙烯基醚/顺丁烯二酸酐。这些共聚物可得自例如Gantrez,例如AN 139 (M.W.500,000)、AN 119 (M.W.250,000),优选S-97药品级(M.W.700,000),可得自ISP Technologies,Inc.,Bound Brook,N.J.08805。增强剂当存在时,其存在量为约0.05重量%至约3重量%。其它有效的聚合物包括例如顺丁烯二酸酐与丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮或乙烯的1∶1共聚物,后者可作为例如Monsanto EMA No.1103(M.W.10,000)和EMA Grade 61得到;和丙烯酸与甲基丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯或丙烯酸乙酯、异丁基乙烯基醚或N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的1∶1共聚物。通常合适的是聚合的烯属或烯键式不饱和羧酸,其含有活化的碳-碳烯属双键和至少一个羧基,即,含有烯属双键的酸,所述双键在聚合中容易起作用,因为其在单体分子中在相对于羧基的α-β位置上或作为末端亚甲基的一部分存在。此类酸的实例是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、α-氯代丙烯酸、巴豆酸、β-丙烯酰氧基丙酸、山梨酸、α-氯代山梨酸、肉桂酸、β-苯乙烯基丙烯酸、黏康酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、甲基富马酸、戊烯二酸、乌头酸、α-苯基丙烯酸、2-苄基丙烯酸、2-环己基丙烯酸、欧白芷酸、伞形酸、富马酸、马来酸和酸酐。可与此类羧酸单体共聚的其它不同烯属单体包括乙酸乙烯酯、氯乙烯、马来酸二甲酯等。共聚物含有足够的羧酸盐基团以具有水溶性。另一类聚合试剂包括含有取代丙烯酰胺的均聚物和/或不饱和磺酸和其盐的均聚物的组合物,尤其是其中聚合物基于不饱和磺酸,所述不饱和磺酸选自丙烯酰胺基烷磺酸,例如2-丙烯酰胺-2甲基丙磺酸,其分子量为约1,000至约2,000,000,描述于美国专利号4,842,847 (1989年6月27日,Zahid)中。另一类有用的聚合物试剂包括聚氨基酸,其含有一定比例的阴离子表面活性氨基酸,例如天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和磷酸丝氨酸,例如公开于美国专利号4,866,161 (Sikes等人)。
水: 口腔组合物可包含显著水平的水。在制备市售口腔组合物中使用的水应是去离子的,并且不含有机杂质。组合物中的水量包括加入的游离水,加上随其它物质引入的水量。
润湿剂: 在口腔组合物的某些实施方案中,还需要包括润湿剂,以防止组合物在接触空气时硬化。某些润湿剂还可以赋予洁齿组合物合乎需要的甜味或香味。合适的润湿剂包括可食用的多羟基醇例如甘油、山梨醇、木糖醇、丙二醇以及其它多元醇和这些润湿剂的混合物。在本发明的一个实施方案中,主要润湿剂是甘油,其存在水平可以是大于25%,例如25-35%,约30%,以及含5%或更少的其它润湿剂。
其它任选的成分: 除了上述组分之外,本发明的实施方案可以含有各种任选的洁齿剂成分,其中的一些如下所述。任选的成分例如包括但不限于粘合剂、起泡剂、调味剂、甜味剂、额外抗牙斑剂、研磨剂和着色剂。这些及其它任选的组分进一步描述于美国专利号5,004,597 (Majeti);美国专利号3,959,458 (Agricola等人)和美国专利号3,937,807(Haefele),所有都通过引用结合到本文中。
除非另外指明,否则本说明书中给出的组合物成分的所有百分比是基于100%总组合物或配方重量的重量百分比。
除非另外明确指出,否则用于本发明的组合物和配方中的成分优选地是美容上可接受的成分。所谓“美容上可接受的”是指适合用于配方,用于局部施用到人类皮肤。美容上可接受的赋形剂,例如,是以本发明配方所考虑的量和浓度而适合外用的赋形剂,并且包括例如美国食品和药品管理局的“公认安全的”(GRAS)的赋形剂。
本文提供的组合物和配方是根据其成分而描述和要求保护的,这在本领域是常见的。本领域技术人员显而易见的是,所述成分在某些情况下可以彼此反应,使得最终配方的真实组成可能并非准确对应于所列成分。因此,应当理解,本发明扩展至所列成分的组合的产品。
如通篇所用,范围用作用于描述该范围内的每个值的简写形式。可选择该范围内的任何值作为该范围的端点。另外,本文引用的所有参考文献通过引用全部结合到本文中。若本公开中的定义与所引用参考文献的定义相冲突时,以本公开为准。
除非另外指明,否则说明书中此处和别处表示的所有百分比及量均应该理解为重量百分比。给出的这些量是基于材料的活性重量。
实施例
实施例1
形成ZLC的通用反应如下:
ZnO + 2(赖氨酸·HCl) ―› [Zn(赖氨酸)2Cl]Cl·2H2O (ZLC)
制备ZnO:赖氨酸·HCl的2:1摩尔比的悬液,同时在室温下搅拌约12小时。将混合物离心。将1ml上清液移入NMR管。再将NMR管放入填充乙醇的密闭试管中,用于晶体生长。一周后形成许多无色立方晶体。ZLC晶体的晶体结构通过单晶X射线衍射而测得。该络合物分子的尺寸是1.7nm*7.8nm*4.3nm。在该络合物中,Zn阳离子通过与来自NH2基团的两个N原子和来自羧基的O原子在赤道平面上与两个赖氨酸配体配位。它表现出扭曲的四方椎体几何结构,其顶端位置由Cl原子占据。这种新的结构产生带正电的阳离子部分,Cl阴离子与该阳离子部分结合形成离子型盐。
纯ZLC粉末的实验室按比例扩大合成:将2摩尔赖氨酸HCl溶于1000ml去离子水,同时在室温下搅拌,将1摩尔固体ZnO缓慢加入到该赖氨酸HCl溶液中,同时搅拌,并且在室温下持续搅拌过夜(约12小时)。将混悬液以高速离心15分钟。将上清液缓慢倒入EtOH。立即形成沉淀。需要约5-8ml EtOH以得到1g粉末。含有粉末的EtOH溶剂经过滤,得到灰白色粉末。将粉末放入50ºC烤箱干燥,得到88%收率的产物。PXRD证实了与ZLC晶体相比的ZLC粉末纯度。
也可通过ZLC溶液的喷雾干燥获得ZLC粉末。
实施例2
配制了4个批次的500g漱口剂(其含有NaF、ZLC、ZnCl2和ZnO作为活性成分),其成分见表1。本研究的目的是比较具有不同活性物质的样品的澄清度。浊度通过TurbiScan®分散稳定性分析仪测定的光通过溶液的透射%而评价。透射%越高,组合物就越透明。因此,较小的透射%表明溶液更浑浊。经ICP (电感耦合等离子体)分析得到ZLC溶液中的锌离子浓度是25300 ppm,其对应于溶液中约17重量%的ZLC活性物质。控制所有批次中的锌离子浓度在相同水平,即1.01wt%。在4个批次中,具有ZnO作为活性物质的一批呈现乳白色,具有0%透射,而其它三批样品与去离子水一样澄清(表2)。
表1
表2
去离子水 | NaF MW | ZLC MW | ZnCl2 MW | ZnO MW | |
pH | 5.89 | 4.79 | 7.18 | 3.49 | 7.03 |
浊度(%透射) | 88.68% | 88.40% | 86.23% | 89.03 | 0.0016% |
稀释实验。将所有原始漱口剂批次都稀释至2倍、4倍、8倍、16倍和32倍。在所有溶液制备和充分振摇后进行浊度测定。样品的浊度数据见表3、4、5和6,分别对于含有NaF、ZLC、ZnCl2和ZnO的漱口剂的稀释液。当ZLC漱口剂样品稀释时,观察到沉淀,但其它样品的浊度不变。
表3
2X | 4X | 8X | 16X | 32X | |
浊度(%透射) | 89.85% | 88.90% | 88.44% | 88.77% | 88.61% |
表4
2X | 4X | 8X | 16X | 32X | |
pH | 7.46 | 7.67 | 7.86 | 7.80 | 7.94 |
浊度(%透射) | 86.73% | 85.99% | 60.50% | 59.61% | 23.21% |
表5
2X | 4X | 8X | 16X | 32X | |
浊度(%透射) | 88.63% | 88.04% | 87.77% | 87.42% | 87.99% |
表6
2X | 4X | 8X | 16X | 32X | |
浊度(%透射) | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
老化实验:将稀释的ZLC漱口剂样品放入37℃烤箱过周末(约60小时),用于稳定性研究。结果见表7。自4倍稀释开始可以观察到沉淀。最大量的沉淀见于16倍稀释。然而,原始批次仍然稳定并且甚至在老化60小时时都不显示沉淀。
表7
0X | 2X | 4X | 8X | 16X | 32X | |
pH | 7.16 | 7.48 | 7.65 | 7.82 | 7.85 | 7.95 |
浊度(%透射) | 86.16% | 86.15% | 8.33% | 6.37% | 0.14% | 9.91% |
与用ZnCl2和ZnO配制的漱口剂批次相比,仅用ZLC作为活性物质的配方可以形成澄清、稳定溶液,但当稀释时产生沉淀。该ZLC漱口剂配方具有中性pH并且在37℃是稳定的。ZLC提供储存稳定的漱口剂配方,但在稀溶液中沉淀。这种通过稀释而形成不溶性沉淀,允许在牙质小管中形成“阻塞”,对过敏提供益处。
实施例3
相对于现有市售的含有NaF作为活性成分的漱口剂产品,使用ZLC作为活性成分的前述实施例的漱口剂配方不仅显示出竞争性澄清度,而且当用水稀释时表现出沉淀能力。这种独特性质促进抗敏感和抗龋洞效应,并且因此在牙膏产品中使用ZLC是有益的。
配制含有ZLC作为活性成分的口腔凝胶牙膏并与含有ZnCl2、ZnO、和NaF的其它配方进行比较。相对于含有NaF的现有凝胶相,仅ZLC配方显示出竞争性澄清度。通过水解反应研究也研究了ZLC凝胶相的沉淀性质,提供了证据表明当用含有ZLC活性物质的牙膏刷牙时,在刷牙期间形成的不溶性颗粒可以透入牙本质小管并阻塞小管,引起对于消费者的抗敏感效应和信号。
配制含有NaF (对照)、ZLC、ZnCl2和ZnO作为活性成分的4个批次的500.0g凝胶相,其成分见表8。比较了具有不同活性物质的样品的澄清度,并且评价了通过稀释的ZLC凝胶相的沉淀性质。经ICP得到ZLC溶液中的锌离子浓度是25300 ppm,其继而得到溶液中的约17重量%的ZLC活性物质。以下批次中的锌离子浓度都以0.5% (w/w)的锌水平制备。
表8
Lambda 25 UV/VIS分光光度计(PerkinElmer)用于获得所有样品的吸光度信息,以便比较不同活性物质的凝胶相的澄清度。吸光度是光通过物质时被吸收的光量的对数度量。因为凝胶中的颗粒吸收光,所以溶液中存在的颗粒越多,凝胶吸收越多的光。因此,凝胶的少量吸光度表示更高的澄清度。通过使用去离子(DI)水作为空白溶液,在光源波长610nm处校正吸光度。ZnO不溶解并悬浮于凝胶相中,导致高吸光度。虽然ZnCl2可溶于水,但含有ZnCl2的凝胶相呈现浑浊。仅ZLC配制的凝胶相形成均匀溶液,并且相对于用NaF配制的凝胶相显示竞争性澄清度。所有样品的吸光度和pH见表9。
表9
NaF | ZLC | ZnCl2 | ZnO | |
吸光度 | 0.0344 | 0.1765 | 0.9204 | 2.4626 |
pH | 7.63 | 7.37 | 5.25 | 8.30 |
稀释实验:将所有原始凝胶相批次都稀释至2倍、4倍、8倍、16倍和32倍。当NaF凝胶、ZnCl2凝胶和ZnO凝胶被进一步稀释时,吸光度下降,而在进一步稀释的ZLC凝胶溶液中吸光度上升。该观察结果证实当ZLC凝胶用水稀释时,沉淀形成。2倍、4倍、8倍、16倍和32倍稀释的ZLC凝胶溶液的pH分别为7.71、7.91、8.03、8.12、和8.14。
表10
活性成分 | 2倍稀释 | 4倍稀释 | 8倍稀释 | 16倍稀释 | 32倍稀释 |
NaF | 0.0106 | 0.0104 | 0.0107 | 0.0075 | 0.0137 |
ZLC | 0.1436 | 0.1887 | 0.1860 | 0.1336 | 0.2998 |
ZnCl2 | 0.7315 | 0.3700 | 0.1701 | 0.0570 | 0.0280 |
ZnO | 2.4630 | 2.5340 | 2.1883 | 1.8638 | 1.0492 |
以上凝胶可单独使用或用于具有凝胶相和研磨剂膏相的牙膏。ZLC作为活性成分在牙膏配方的凝胶相中。与用ZnCl2和ZnO配制的凝胶相批次相比,仅用ZLC作为活性成分的配方显示出相对于市售产品(NaF作为活性成分)中使用的配方的竞争性澄清度和pH。稀释实验显示仅ZLC凝胶相在稀释时,可以自透明凝胶中形成不溶性沉淀。在使用此类牙膏后,稀释所致的不溶性沉淀的形成,促进在牙质小管中形成“阻塞”,此外,在消费者使用期间,它提供白色沉淀信号。
实施例4
与无ZLC的口腔凝胶相比,测定含有ZLC的口腔凝胶所致的牙本质阻塞的潜在抗过敏益处。Flodec仪器用于测定通过牙本质小管的流体流动。按照S. Mello的用于测定漱口剂配方的牙本质阻塞的程序,使用Pashley细胞方法(例如,Pashley DH, O’Meara JA,Kepler EE,等人。Dentin permeability effects of desensitizing dentifrices invitro (脱敏洁齿剂在体外的牙本质渗透效应). J Periodontol. 1984;55(9):522-525)。用移液管在牙本质盘(dentin disk)上施用400µl样品的两次10分钟治疗,间隔10分钟。每次治疗后,用磷酸缓冲盐水(PBS)清洗所述盘并用FLODEC仪器测量流速,该仪器是跟踪毛细管内的弯液面的位置以测定体积的微小变化的装置。表11显示在样品施用后,含有ZLC的口腔凝胶的平均流速和流速减少%。
表11
如上所示,一式三份的含有ZLC的口腔凝胶通过牙本质小管的平均%流速减少为约41%。
表12显示样品施用后,无ZLC的口腔凝胶(对照)的平均流速和%流速减少。
表12
如上所示,一式三份的无ZLC的口腔凝胶(对照)通过牙本质小管的平均%流速减少为约31%。
在体外水力传导率模型中,使用FLODEC仪器,与无ZLC的口腔凝胶(对照)相比,含有ZLC的口腔凝胶显示定向的更好性能。
实施例5
制备ZLC的不同稀释液以评价其在产生可见沉淀和/或絮凝中的效率,可将其原位递送到口腔表面或牙齿开口,例如开放小管。
通过以下方式制备ZLC的纯溶液;1) 将0.5摩尔ZnO粉末与1摩尔赖氨酸HCl在1升水中在室温下反应约2小时,和2) 通过离心收集上清液,再用0.45微米的膜过滤。纯溶液的锌浓度为2.39重量%,pH为约7.03。
通过将纯溶液与去离子水混合,进行稀释实验。将纯溶液稀释2x、4x、6x、7x、8x、10x、12x、16x、20x、24x、28x、和32x,以重量计,分别对应于1.20%、0.598%、0.398%、0.341%、0.299%、0.239%、0.199%、0.149%、0.120%、0.0996%、0.0854%、0.0747%的起始锌浓度。将稀释的样品保持在37℃,并监测絮凝/沉淀发生的速率。在30分钟内(自储液与水混合的时间点开始),具有起始锌浓度为0.149%和0.199%的稀释液能够产生一些可见絮凝。混合后1小时,在具有起始锌浓度为0.0854%至0.239%之间的稀释液中观察到可见絮凝。混合后1个半小时,在具有起始锌浓度为0.0747%至0.239%之间的稀释液中观察到可见絮凝。混合后2小时,在具有起始锌浓度为0.299%的另外样品也显示絮凝的存在。总共19小时后,在所有样品中都可观察到絮凝和/或沉淀,除了具有起始锌浓度为1.20%的一个样品之外,而具有起始锌浓度为0.0747%至0.239%之间的样品表现出最多沉淀。
最终稀释样品的pH值适于口腔护理应用。具有起始锌浓度为0.0747%、0.0854%、0.0996%、0.120%、0.149%、0.199wt%和0.239%的样品的最终ph值分别为7.99、8.13、8.11、7.97、7.99、6.80和6.70。这些pH值完全在5.5至10的范围内,这限定了用于口腔护理配方的合适范围。
锌在沉淀中主要以氧化锌形式存在。赖氨酸在沉淀中以其完整组分而存在和/或作为杂质而存在。
实施例6
共聚焦图像证明了在可以形成可见沉淀的条件下,ZLC在产生表面沉积物和阻塞小管在牙本质表面开口中的效率。
用人牙本质切片和实施例5的纯溶液进行沉积/阻塞测定。牙本质切片制备如下:将人牙齿切割成薄的牙本质切片(厚度约800微米),选择测试面,用约600 grit的砂纸打磨所述测试面,用Buehler抛光布和5微米Buehler氧化铝抛光所述测试面,在1% (重量)柠檬酸溶液中将所述牙本质切片酸蚀刻约20秒,对所述牙本质切片超声处理10分钟,和在磷酸缓冲盐水(PBS, pH 7.4)中贮存所述牙本质切片。
对于治疗,将纯溶液用水稀释16倍,得到治疗溶液,其起始锌浓度为约0.149重量%。在37℃将牙本质切片浸泡在治疗溶液中达1小时。然后将经治疗的牙本质切片从治疗溶液中取出,清洗4次,每次用1 mL PBS。再用纸基纸巾干燥牙本质切片并在共聚焦显微镜下以XYZ和XYZ模式检查。以同样方式进行后续治疗。
经由共聚焦成像可以观察渐进的沉积和阻塞。第一次治疗导致明显沉积。第二次治疗导致表面完全覆盖,包括阻塞几乎所有小管开口。表面沉积物的厚度可以是10微米或更厚。第三次治疗后,观察到表面完全覆盖和小管开口的完全阻塞。表面沉积物的厚度可以是25微米或更厚。沉积物赋予牙本质表面白色。
表面沉积物提供多种益处,包括通常与锌和赖氨酸相关的那些,以及沉积物通过中和侵蚀性酸所致的免遭侵蚀的保护作用,通过阻塞小管所致的免于敏感的保护作用,和因为自沉积物中逐渐释放锌和赖氨酸而控制释放活性物质(尤其是在酸攻击后)。
实施例7
共聚焦图像证明了在可以形成可见沉淀的条件下,ZLC在产生表面沉积物和阻塞小管在牙本质表面开口中的效率。
用具有起始锌浓度为0.0747重量%的ZLC稀释液重复治疗如实施例6中制备的牙本质切片。每次治疗包括32 mL稀释溶液(来自实施例5的1 mL纯溶液和31 mL去离子水)并在37℃持续10分钟,在此期间,肉眼未观察到沉淀。在每次治疗后用共聚焦显微镜检查牙本质切片。在4次连续治疗后,观察到明显的表面沉积。在12次连续治疗后,观察到表面完全覆盖,不存在小管开口的迹象。
因此,在依据稀释比例和治疗持续时间的条件下,表面沉积和小管阻塞可以发生,其不产生可见沉淀。
实施例8
包含锌-赖氨酸、1450 ppm氟化物和磷酸盐的测试洁齿剂制备如下:
表13
尽管对于具体实施例描述了本发明,所述实施例包括进行本发明的现有优选的模式,但本领域技术人员将会知道,上述系统和技术有多种变动和排列。应当知道,其它实施方案可以使用并且可以进行结构和功能的改动而不偏离本发明的范围。因此本发明的范围应如所附权利要求书所述宽泛地理解。
Claims (18)
1.漱口剂,其包含锌氨基酸卤化物络合物,其中所述氨基酸是赖氨酸并且所述卤化物是氯化物。
2.权利要求1的漱口剂,其中所述锌氨基酸卤化物络合物由前体形成。
3.权利要求2的漱口剂,其中所述前体是锌源、氨基酸源和氯化物源,所述氨基酸源是游离或口腔可接受的酸加成盐形式的赖氨酸。
4.权利要求2或3的漱口剂,其中所述氯化物源是锌离子源的一部分,或者是赖氨酸盐酸盐,或者是盐酸。
5.权利要求1-3中任一项的漱口剂,其中锌的量为0.05-4重量%。
6.权利要求3的漱口剂,其中所述锌离子源和所述氨基酸源形成络合物。
7.权利要求1-3中任一项的漱口剂,其中锌在配方中可溶,但在使用和用唾液稀释和/或清洗后提供锌沉淀。
8.权利要求1-3中任一项的漱口剂,其中所述锌离子源和所述氨基酸源形成锌赖氨酸氯化物络合物。
9.权利要求1-3中任一项的漱口剂,其中所述锌氨基酸卤化物络合物是化学结构为[Zn(C6H14N2O2)2Cl]+Cl-的锌赖氨酸氯化物络合物,或者在阳离子型阳离子和氯化物阴离子的溶液中,或者是固体盐形式,任选以一水合物或二水合物形式。
10.权利要求1-3中任一项的漱口剂,其进一步包含有效量的氟离子源。
11.权利要求1-3中任一项的漱口剂,其包含含有选自以下一种或多种成分的口腔可接受的基质:缓冲剂、润湿剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、口气清新剂、调味剂、香料、着色剂、抗菌剂、增白剂、干扰或阻止细菌附着的试剂、钙源、磷酸盐源、口腔可接受的钾盐和阴离子聚合物。
12.权利要求1-3中任一项的漱口剂,其进一步包含椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱。
13.权利要求1-3中任一项的漱口剂,其中所述漱口剂的pH为pH 4至pH 8。
14.权利要求1-3中任一项的漱口剂,其中所述氨基酸是赖氨酸,使得锌和赖氨酸形成化学结构为[Zn(C6H14N2O2)2Cl]+Cl-的锌-赖氨酸-氯化物络合物,其量提供占所述漱口剂重量的0.5-2%的锌,所述漱口剂进一步包含量为10-25重量%的润湿剂,量为0.1-1重量%的非离子型表面活性剂,和甜味剂、调味剂、和水。
15.权利要求1-3中任一项的漱口剂,其用于减少和抑制牙釉质的酸侵蚀,清洁牙齿,减少细菌产生的生物膜和牙斑,减少牙龈炎,抑制龋齿和龋洞形成,和/或减少牙本质过敏。
16.权利要求1-3中任一项的漱口剂,其中所述锌氨基酸卤化物络合物与水的重量比为约1∶6至约1∶1。
17.锌氨基酸卤化物络合物在制备漱口剂中的用途,其中所述氨基酸是赖氨酸并且所述卤化物是氯化物。
18.权利要求1-16中任一项的漱口剂在制备用于治疗或减少牙釉质侵蚀,清洁牙齿,减少细菌产生的生物膜和牙斑,减少牙龈炎,抑制龋齿和龋洞形成,和/或减少牙本质过敏的制剂中的用途。
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CN108186382A (zh) | 2012-12-19 | 2018-06-22 | 高露洁-棕榄公司 | 锌氨基酸卤化物络合物与半胱氨酸 |
KR20150097494A (ko) | 2012-12-19 | 2015-08-26 | 콜게이트-파아므올리브캄파니 | 4 염기성 아연 아미노산 할로겐화물 착물을 포함하는 구강 관리 제품 |
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- 2012-12-19 CN CN201280077883.5A patent/CN104853724B/zh active Active
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ZA201503806B (en) | 2017-07-26 |
RU2015123751A (ru) | 2017-02-02 |
KR20150097551A (ko) | 2015-08-26 |
US9980890B2 (en) | 2018-05-29 |
MX353019B (es) | 2017-12-18 |
WO2014098822A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
EP2934447A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
CA2892413A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
HK1216013A1 (zh) | 2016-10-07 |
EP2934447B1 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
IL239425A0 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
TW201434489A (zh) | 2014-09-16 |
PH12015501437A1 (en) | 2015-09-14 |
TWI522121B (zh) | 2016-02-21 |
CN104853724A (zh) | 2015-08-19 |
US20180243193A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
AU2012397263A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
US10524995B2 (en) | 2020-01-07 |
BR112015014899A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
AU2012397263B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
US20150335554A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
RU2648513C2 (ru) | 2018-03-26 |
BR112015014899B1 (pt) | 2019-05-14 |
MX2015007874A (es) | 2015-09-28 |
CA2892413C (en) | 2019-09-17 |
PH12015501437B1 (en) | 2015-09-14 |
AR094195A1 (es) | 2015-07-15 |
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